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Article ; Online: Psychotropic Medication Use and Psychiatric Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Danish Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.

Bliddal, Mette / Rasmussen, Lotte / Andersen, Jacob Harbo / Jensen, Peter Bjødstrup / Pottegård, Anton / Munk-Olsen, Trine / Kildegaard, Helene / Wesselhoeft, Rikke

JAMA psychiatry

2022 Volume 80, Issue 2, Page(s) 176–180

Abstract: ... rates of psychiatric disorders in Danish children, adolescents, and young adults during the COVID-19 ... psychiatric disorder diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was most pronounced among those aged 12 ... Importance: The direct and indirect implications of the COVID-19 pandemic have been ...

Abstract	Importance: The direct and indirect implications of the COVID-19 pandemic have been associated with the mental health of children and adolescents, but it is uncertain whether these implications have been associated with changes in prescribing and diagnosis patterns. Objective: To examine psychotropic medication use and rates of psychiatric disorders in Danish children, adolescents, and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, setting, and participants: This population-based, descriptive register-based cohort study included all Danish individuals aged 5 to 24 years from January 1, 2017, until June 30, 2022. Main outcomes and measures: Rates of filled prescriptions of psychotropic medications, including antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, sedatives, antidepressants, and psychostimulants, and all inpatient and outpatient contacts with mental and behavioral disorders. Rates of new (incident) and total (prevalent) psychotropic medication use and psychiatric diagnoses were estimated. Rate ratios (RRs) were assessed between observed and expected numbers of incident psychotropic medication use or psychiatric diagnoses from March 2020 to June 30, 2022, comparing observed numbers with expected numbers predicted from the modeled prepandemic trend. Results: The study identified 108 840 (58 856 female individuals [54%]; median [IQR] age, 18 [14-22] years) incident psychotropic medication users. From March 2020 (first national lockdown) to June 2022, the rate of incident users of any psychotropic medication showed a relative increase of 18% (RR, 1.18; CI, 1.17-1.20) compared with expected numbers, which was primarily associated with an increase among those aged 12 to 17 years of 37% (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.34-1.41). Similarly, there was an overall relative increase of incident psychiatric disorders of 5% (incidence rate, 1.05; CI, 1.04-1.07) (incident cases, 114 048 [58 708 female individuals (51%)]), which was associated with an increase in hyperkinetic disorders (RR, 1.13; CI, 1.09-1.18) and anxiety disorders (RR, 1.04; CI, 1.02-1.06). Prevalence patterns showed similar trends of an overall increase in psychotropic medication use and psychiatric disorders. One of 3 new users of an individual drug group had filled a prescription for a drug from another psychotropic medication group within the prior 6 months. Conclusions and relevance: The results of this cohort study suggest that Danish youths experienced an increase in rates of psychotropic treatment and psychiatric disorder diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was most pronounced among those aged 12 to 17 years. The increase was observed for children and adolescents with and without a psychiatric history within the last 5 years.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control ; Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use ; Mental Disorders/drug therapy ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Denmark/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Psychotropic Drugs
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2701203-7
ISSN	2168-6238 ; 2168-622X
ISSN (online)	2168-6238
ISSN	2168-622X
DOI	10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.4165
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Article ; Online: Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Palacio-Ortiz, Juan David / Londoño-Herrera, Juan Pablo / Nanclares-Márquez, Alejandro / Robledo-Rengifo, Paula / Quintero-Cadavid, Claudia Patricia

Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)

2020 Volume 49, Issue 4, Page(s) 279–288

Abstract: ... children during the pandemic, evaluation of mental disorders in children and young people during ... a psychosocial adversity factor that affects families and their children. During the pandemic, children and ... the pandemic, pre-existing psychiatric disorders during the pandemic, and telepsychiatric care. Specific ...

Title translation	Trastornos psiquiátricos en los niños y adolescentes en tiempo de la pandemia por COVID-19.
Abstract	Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has generated an unprecedented multimodal (health, occupational, economic, and social crisis, which will impact developing countries. Confinement as a preventive measure is itself a threat that produces a social impact. Pandemic and confinement have become a psychosocial adversity factor that affects families and their children. During the pandemic, children and adolescents with a psychiatric disorder may experience exacerbation of their symptoms. However, little is known about this, since studies on this population during the pandemic are scarce. Objective: To review the data available in the current literature on the effect of the pandemic on children and adolescents with a previous psychiatric disorder. Methods: A literature search was carried out using PubMed, Scielo and, due to the exceptional conditions of the pandemic situation, directly using internet search engines. Both English and Spanish papers were included. Results: The information found is presented in the following sections: family and children during the pandemic, evaluation of mental disorders in children and young people during the pandemic, pre-existing psychiatric disorders during the pandemic, and telepsychiatric care. Specific information is presented on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The current pandemic due to COVID-19 and confinement are a psychosocial adversity that threatens the stability of the family. Such a stressor can cause exacerbation of symptoms of a previous mental disorder. Children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders are a vulnerable population and require specialised care. Telepsychiatry is becoming a modality with multiple advantages.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; COVID-19/complications ; Child ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/physiopathology ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Quarantine/psychology
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2020-07-17
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2530-3120
ISSN (online)	2530-3120
DOI	10.1016/j.rcp.2020.05.006
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Article: Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic/ Trastornos psiquiátricos en los niños y adolescentes en tiempo de la pandemia por COVID-19

Palacio-Ortiz, Juan David / Londoño-Herrera, Juan Pablo / Nanclares-Márquez, Alejandro / Robledo-Rengifo, Paula / Quintero-Cadavid, Claudia Patricia

Rev. Colomb. Psiquiatr.

Abstract: ... children during the pandemic, evaluation of mental disorders in children and young people during ... factor that affects families and their children. During the pandemic, children and ... the pandemic, pre-existing psychiatric disorders during the pandemic, and telepsychiatric care. Specific ...

Abstract	Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has generated an unprecedented multimodal (health, occupational, economic, and social crisis, which will impact developing countries. Confinement as a preventive measure is itself a threat that produces a social impact. Pandemic and confinement have become a psychosocial adversity factor that affects families and their children. During the pandemic, children and adolescents with a psychiatric disorder may experience exacerbation of their symptoms. However, little is known about this, since studies on this population during the pandemic are scarce. Objective: To review the data available in the current literature on the effect of the pandemic on children and adolescents with a previous psychiatric disorder. Methods: A literature search was carried out using PubMed, Scielo and, due to the exceptional conditions of the pandemic situation, directly using internet search engines. Both English and Spanish papers were included. Results: The information found is presented in the following sections: family and children during the pandemic, evaluation of mental disorders in children and young people during the pandemic, pre-existing psychiatric disorders during the pandemic, and telepsychiatric care. Specific information is presented on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The current pandemic due to COVID-19 and confinement are a psychosocial adversity that threatens the stability of the family. Such a stressor can cause exacerbation of symptoms of a previous mental disorder. Children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders are a vulnerable population and require specialised care. Telepsychiatry is becoming a modality with multiple advantages.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #654729
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Psychiatric emergencies in migrant adolescents.

Loi, Erika / Andriuolo, Giorgia / LA Boria, Paola / Battaglia, Silvia / Vezzoli, Marika / Fazzi, Elisa

Minerva pediatrics

2022

Abstract: ... These observations, carried out during a pre-COVID-19 period, provide a starting point for understanding ... prior to the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic.: Results: A reduction in the percentage ... of anxiety disorders (p<0.001), eating disorders (p<0.001), somatic and conversion disorders (p=0.013), and ...

Abstract	Background: Stress factors associated with migration may expose minor immigrants to mental health problems. The aim of the study was to describe acute psychiatric problems, in terms of reasons for hospitalization and diagnosis at discharge, in a sample of Italian and Migrant adolescents (both first and second generation). Methods: We collected data on socio-demographic and clinical-diagnostic characteristics of 423 Italian and Migrant adolescents (mean age: 15 years ± 1.44; range 12-17.91), hospitalized at the Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit of the Spedali Civili of Brescia between 2014 and 2019, period prior to the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Results: A reduction in the percentage of hospitalized Italian subjects and an increase of Migrant ones was found among years (p<0.001). Suicidal attempts and psychomotor agitation were the main reasons for hospitalization in both Italian and Migrant groups; in addition, the former presented a higher number of accesses for eating disorders, while the latter for psychotic disorders. Comparing the two groups at discharge, a higher frequency of anxiety disorders (p<0.001), eating disorders (p<0.001), somatic and conversion disorders (p=0.013), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (p=0.022) was detected in the Italian sample; conversely, there was a higher frequency of suicidal attempt (p=0.025), personality disorders (p<0.001), disruptive behavior, impulse control and conduct disorders (p=0.014), and post-traumatic stress disorder (p=0.019) in the Migrant group. Conclusions: These observations, carried out during a pre-COVID-19 period, provide a starting point for understanding the psychopathology of Migrant adolescents and underline the importance of early diagnosis to guide appropriate interventions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-22
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3062664-X
ISSN	2724-5780
ISSN (online)	2724-5780
DOI	10.23736/S2724-5276.22.06635-6
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Article: Emotions and behaviours of child and adolescent psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Laurent-Levinson, Claudine / Pellen, Anne-Sophie / Pellerin, Hugues / Hanin, Cyril / Bouzy, Juliette / Devernay, Marie / Milhiet, Vanessa / Benarous, Xavier / Consoli, Angèle / Shi, Jianxin / Levinson, Douglas F / Cohen, David

BJPsych open

2024 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) e47

Abstract: ... in emotions and clinical state, and their predictors, during the COVID-19 pandemic in France.: Method ... on children and adolescents who were receiving ongoing psychiatric treatment.: Aims: To study changes ... child patients before and during the first 'lockdown'. For 139 of these patients who received ongoing ...

Abstract	Background: Previous pandemics have had negative effects on mental health, but there are few data on children and adolescents who were receiving ongoing psychiatric treatment. Aims: To study changes in emotions and clinical state, and their predictors, during the COVID-19 pandemic in France. Method: We administered (by interview) the baseline Youth Self-Report version of the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey v0.3 (CRISIS, French translation) to 123 adolescent patients and the Parent/Caregiver version to evaluate 99 child patients before and during the first 'lockdown'. For 139 of these patients who received ongoing treatment in our centre, treating physicians retrospectively completed longitudinal global ratings for five time periods, masked to CRISIS ratings. Results: The main outcome measure was the sum of eight mood state items, which formed a single factor in each age group. Overall, this score improved for each age group during the first lockdown. Clinician ratings modestly supported this result in patients without intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder. Improvement of mood states was significantly associated with perceived improvement in family relationships in both age groups. Conclusions: Consistent with previous studies of clinical cohorts, our patients had diverse responses during the pandemic. Several factors may have contributed to the finding of improvement in some individuals during the first lockdown, including the degree of family support or conflict, stress reduction owing to isolation, limitations of the outcome measures and/or possible selection bias. Ongoing treatment may have had a protective effect. Clinically, during crises additional support may be needed by families who experience increased conflict or who care for children with intellectual disability.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2829557-2
ISSN	2056-4724
ISSN	2056-4724
DOI	10.1192/bjo.2023.533
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Article ; Online: Digital Media-related Problems Contributing to Psychiatric Hospitalizations Among Children and Adolescents Before and After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Becker, Timothy D / Leong, Alicia / Shanker, Parul / Martin, Dalton / Staudenmaier, Paige / Lynch, Sean / Rice, Timothy R

Child psychiatry and human development

2024

Abstract: ... digital media use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, demographics ... behavioral disorders. Online communication problems were significantly more common among girls and youth with a history ... of admissions vs. 9.1% before, p < 0.05). The limit-setting subtype specifically increased post-COVID-19 (6.0 ...

Abstract	The role of digital media in crises leading to youth psychiatric admissions is understudied and digital media use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, demographics, clinical characteristics, and digital media-related problems (DMRPs; sub-coded as cyberbullying, online communication problems, triggering content, and limit-setting problems) were extracted from hospital records of youth (n = 1,101) admitted to a pediatric psychiatric unit from May 2018 to November 2021. DMRPs were identified in 127 admissions (11.5%), led by the online communication problems and limit-setting subtypes (both 4-5%). Significantly more overall problems were identified following the pandemic onset (13.9% of admissions vs. 9.1% before, p < 0.05). The limit-setting subtype specifically increased post-COVID-19 (6.0% vs. 2.7%, p < 0.01), and was associated with prior admissions, suicide attempts, and impulse control/behavioral disorders. Online communication problems were significantly more common among girls and youth with a history of trauma. Interventions in acute settings to mitigate consequences of DMRPs are needed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	223895-0
ISSN	1573-3327 ; 0009-398X
ISSN (online)	1573-3327
ISSN	0009-398X
DOI	10.1007/s10578-024-01670-w
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Article ; Online: Coding of Childhood Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Electronic Health Records of a Large Integrated Health Care System: Validation Study.

Shi, Jiaxiao M / Chiu, Vicki Y / Avila, Chantal C / Lewis, Sierra / Park, Daniella / Peltier, Morgan R / Getahun, Darios

JMIR mental health

2024 Volume 11, Page(s) e56812

Abstract: ... anxiety disorder (AD), and disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) in children during the study period. Children were ... the COVID-19 pandemic.: Methods: Medical records of 1200 member children aged 2-17 years with at least 1 ... period; and January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, the ICD-10-CM coding period) and after the COVID-19 ...

Abstract	Background: Mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders are chronic pediatric conditions, and their prevalence has been on the rise over recent decades. Affected children have long-term health sequelae and a decline in health-related quality of life. Due to the lack of a validated database for pharmacoepidemiological research on selected mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders, there is uncertainty in their reported prevalence in the literature. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of coding related to pediatric mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders in a large integrated health care system's electronic health records (EHRs) and compare the coding quality before and after the implementation of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) coding as well as before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Medical records of 1200 member children aged 2-17 years with at least 1 clinical visit before the COVID-19 pandemic (January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014, the ICD-9-CM coding period; and January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, the ICD-10-CM coding period) and after the COVID-19 pandemic (January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022) were selected with stratified random sampling from EHRs for chart review. Two trained research associates reviewed the EHRs for all potential cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depression disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder (AD), and disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) in children during the study period. Children were considered cases only if there was a mention of any one of the conditions (yes for diagnosis) in the electronic chart during the corresponding time period. The validity of diagnosis codes was evaluated by directly comparing them with the gold standard of chart abstraction using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, the summary statistics of the F-score, and Youden J statistic. κ statistic for interrater reliability among the 2 abstractors was calculated. Results: The overall agreement between the identification of mental, behavioral, and emotional conditions using diagnosis codes compared to medical record abstraction was strong and similar across the ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM coding periods as well as during the prepandemic and pandemic time periods. The performance of AD coding, while strong, was relatively lower compared to the other conditions. The weighted sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for each of the 5 conditions were as follows: 100%, 100%, 99.2%, and 100%, respectively, for ASD; 100%, 99.9%, 99.2%, and 100%, respectively, for ADHD; 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively for DBD; 87.7%, 100%, 100%, and 99.2%, respectively, for AD; and 100%, 100%, 99.2%, and 100%, respectively, for MDD. The F-score and Youden J statistic ranged between 87.7% and 100%. The overall agreement between abstractors was almost perfect (κ=95%). Conclusions: Diagnostic codes are quite reliable for identifying selected childhood mental, behavioral, and emotional conditions. The findings remained similar during the pandemic and after the implementation of the ICD-10-CM coding in the EHR system.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Electronic Health Records/statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated ; Male ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Female ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/epidemiology ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; International Classification of Diseases ; Clinical Coding
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-14
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Validation Study
ZDB-ID	2798262-2
ISSN	2368-7959 ; 2368-7959
ISSN (online)	2368-7959
ISSN	2368-7959
DOI	10.2196/56812
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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 and Adolescent Psychiatric Emergencies at the Tübingen University Hospital: Analyzing Trends, Diagnoses, and Contributing Factors.

Schneider, Priska S / Pantis, Michelle / Preiser, Christine / Hagmann, Daniela / Barth, Gottfried M / Renner, Tobias J / Allgaier, Katharina

International journal of environmental research and public health

2024 Volume 21, Issue 2

Abstract: ... we investigated the extent to which the number of psychiatric emergencies changed during and in the aftermath ... The total number of emergencies and those with eating disorders and affective disorders increased ... while obsessive-compulsive disorders, expansive disorders and anxiety disorders decreased. The patients presenting in the pre-SARS-CoV ...

Abstract	Psychiatric emergencies have increased in recent decades, particularly with the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and far too little is known about the backgrounds of these emergencies. In this study, we investigated the extent to which the number of psychiatric emergencies changed during and in the aftermath of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) Tübingen. We considered age and psychiatric diagnoses. Additionally, we evaluated the backgrounds of the emergencies. We applied a mixed- (quantitative and qualitative) methods approach to data on emergency presentations at the CAP Tübingen from the pre-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period (October 2019-January 2020) to Restriction Phase 1 (October 2020-January 2021), Restriction Phase 2 (October 2021-January 2022), and endemic phase (October 2022-January 2023). The total number of emergencies and those with eating disorders and affective disorders increased, while obsessive-compulsive disorders, expansive disorders and anxiety disorders decreased. The patients presenting in the pre-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period were younger than those in the subsequent periods. We content-coded the reasons behind the emergency presentations. We also identified four areas of stressors and personality characteristics associated with the emergency presentations. In light of the increasing number of psychiatric emergencies, the long-term aim should be to meet the growing demands and create options for prevention.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Emergencies ; Anxiety Disorders ; Hospitals ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph21020216
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Article ; Online: Pediatric psychiatric emergency rooms during COVID-19: a multi-center study.

Erez, Galit / Yakubovich, Sol / Sadeh, Hadar / Shoval, Gal / Schoen, Gila / Meiri, Gal / Hertz-Palmor, Nimrod / Bretler, Tali / Barzilai, Yael / Mosheva, Mariela / Gothelf, Doron / Bloch, Yuval

BMC psychiatry

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 828

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been a major stressor for the mental health and ... psychiatric hospital ERs and one general hospital were included. All visits of children and adolescents ... well-being of children and adolescents. Surveys and reports from hotlines indicate a significant rise ...

Abstract	Background: The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been a major stressor for the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents. Surveys and reports from hotlines indicate a significant rise in mental health problems. As the psychiatric emergency room (ER) is a first-line free-of-charge facility for psychiatric emergencies, we expected to see a significant increase in visits, specifically of new patients suffering from anxiety, depression, or stress-related disorders. Methods: Data from two psychiatric hospital ERs and one general hospital were included. All visits of children and adolescents from the computerized files between March and December of 2019 were analyzed anonymously and compared to the same months in 2020, using multilevel linear modeling. Results: There was a significant decline in the total number of visits (p = .017), specifically among those diagnosed as suffering from stress-related, anxiety, and mood disorder groups (p = .017), and an incline in the proportion of visits of severe mental disorders (p = .029). Discussion: The limited use of child and adolescent psychiatric emergency facilities during the pandemic highlights the importance of tele-psychiatry as part of emergency services. It also suggests the importance of the timeline of the emergence of clinically relevant new psychiatric diagnoses related to the pandemic. Future studies are needed to establish the long-term effects of the pandemic and the expeditious use of tele-psychiatry.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Adolescent ; Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Mental Health ; Emergency Service, Hospital
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2050438-X
ISSN	1471-244X ; 1471-244X
ISSN (online)	1471-244X
ISSN	1471-244X
DOI	10.1186/s12888-022-04371-7
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Article ; Online: Pattern of Psychiatric Emergencies in Children and Adolescents at a Tertiary Care Centre After Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic.

Sen, Mahadev Singh / Deep, Raman / Chawla, Nishtha / Sagar, Rajesh / Chadda, Rakesh Kumar

Indian pediatrics

2023 Volume 60, Issue 1, Page(s) 127–131

Abstract: ... psychiatric emergencies in children and adolescents showed no increase during the pandemic period. Self-harm ... aged <19 year) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic compared to pre-pandemic period ... Objectives: To assess changes in profile of psychiatric emergencies in children and adolescents ...

Abstract	Objectives: To assess changes in profile of psychiatric emergencies in children and adolescents (aged <19 year) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic compared to pre-pandemic period. Methods: The psychiatric emergency records were analyzed for the period of April, 2019 - September, 2021 to assess the pattern and profile of mental health emergencies in children and adolescents in the period before and after the onset of the pandemic lockdown (i.e., 23 March, 2020). Results: 379 consecutive child and adolescent psychiatric emergencies were identified, of which 219 were seen after the onset of pandemic. Commonest reason for referral in the pandemic group was attempted self-harm (44.3%). The ICD-10 neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders constituted the commonest diagnostic category, similar to pre-pandemic period. A significantly higher proportion (44% vs 28%) of children was prescribed benzodiazepines in the pandemic period, compared to the pre-pandemic period. Conclusion: The average monthly psychiatric emergencies in children and adolescents showed no increase during the pandemic period. Self-harm was the commonest cause of psychiatric referral in emergency services mental health crisis in the younger population.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Emergencies ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Communicable Disease Control
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	402594-5
ISSN	0974-7559 ; 0019-6061
ISSN (online)	0974-7559
ISSN	0019-6061
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