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  1. Article: Power sources for implantable cardiac pacemakers.

    Parsonnet, V

    Chest

    1972  Volume 61, Issue 2, Page(s) 165–173

    MeSH term(s) Electricity ; Electronics, Medical ; Humans ; Pacemaker, Artificial/adverse effects ; Pacemaker, Artificial/instrumentation ; Plutonium ; Promethium ; Thermal Conductivity ; Tritium
    Chemical Substances Tritium (10028-17-8) ; Plutonium (53023GN24M) ; Promethium (ZGV62C09KN)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1972-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1032552-9
    ISSN 1931-3543 ; 0012-3692
    ISSN (online) 1931-3543
    ISSN 0012-3692
    DOI 10.1378/chest.61.2.165
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: High-power chargers for electric vehicles: are they safe for patients with pacemakers and defibrillators?

    Lennerz, Carsten / Schaarschmidt, Claudia / Blažek, Patrick / Knoll, Katharina / Kottmaier, Marc / Reents, Tilko / Bourier, Felix / Lengauer, Sarah / Popa, Miruna / Wimbauer, Katharina / Bahlke, Fabian / Krafft, Hannah / Englert, Florian / Friedrich, Lena / Schunkert, Heribert / Hessling, Gabriele / Deisenhofer, Isabel / Kolb, Christof / O'Connor, Matthew

    Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology

    2023  Volume 25, Issue 5

    Abstract: ... for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The new 'high-power' charging stations have ... The use of electric cars with high-power chargers by patients with cardiac devices appears to be safe ... to maximize the chance of EMI detection. Cardiac implantable electronic devices were re-interrogated after ...

    Abstract Aims: Battery electric vehicle (BEV) sales and use are rapidly expanding. Battery electric vehicles, along with their charging stations, are a potential source of electromagnetic interference (EMI) for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The new 'high-power' charging stations have the potential to create strong electromagnetic fields and induce EMI in CIEDs, and their safety has not been evaluated.
    Methods and results: A total of 130 CIED patients performed 561 charges of four BEVs and a test vehicle (350 kW charge capacity) using high-power charging stations under continuous 6-lead electrocardiogram monitoring. The charging cable was placed directly over the CIED, and devices were programmed to maximize the chance of EMI detection. Cardiac implantable electronic devices were re-interrogated after patients charged all BEVs and the test vehicle for evidence of EMI. There were no incidences of EMI, specifically no over-sensing, pacing inhibition, inappropriate tachycardia detection, mode switching, or spontaneous reprogramming. The risk of EMI on a patient-based analysis is 0/130 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0%-2%], and the risk of EMI on a charge-based analysis is 0/561 (95% CI 0%-0.6%). The effective magnetic field along the charging cable was 38.65 µT and at the charging station was 77.9 µT.
    Conclusions: The use of electric cars with high-power chargers by patients with cardiac devices appears to be safe with no evidence of clinically relevant EMI. Reasonable caution, by minimizing the time spent in close proximity with the charging cables, is still advised as the occurrence of very rare events cannot be excluded from our results.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Defibrillators, Implantable ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects ; Electric Power Supplies ; Heart
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1449879-0
    ISSN 1532-2092 ; 1099-5129
    ISSN (online) 1532-2092
    ISSN 1099-5129
    DOI 10.1093/europace/euad042
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  3. Article: Cardiac pacing and pacemakers VII. Power sources for implantable pacemakers. Part I.

    Parsonnet, V

    American heart journal

    1977  Volume 94, Issue 4, Page(s) 517–528

    MeSH term(s) Electric Power Supplies/instrumentation ; Humans ; Pacemaker, Artificial/instrumentation
    Language English
    Publishing date 1977-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80026-0
    ISSN 1097-6744 ; 0002-8703
    ISSN (online) 1097-6744
    ISSN 0002-8703
    DOI 10.1016/s0002-8703(77)80047-1
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  4. Article: A Pu238O2 nuclear power source for implantable cardiac pacemakers.

    Greatbatch, W / Bustard, T S

    IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering

    1973  Volume 20, Issue 5, Page(s) 332–336

    MeSH term(s) Electricity ; Life Expectancy ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Plutonium ; Radiation ; Temperature ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Plutonium (53023GN24M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1973-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 160429-6
    ISSN 1558-2531 ; 0018-9294
    ISSN (online) 1558-2531
    ISSN 0018-9294
    DOI 10.1109/TBME.1973.324284
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  5. Article: Cardiac pacing and pacemakers. VII. Power sources for implantable pacemakers. Part II.

    Parsonnet, V

    American heart journal

    1977  Volume 94, Issue 5, Page(s) 658–664

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/mortality ; Child ; Electric Power Supplies/instrumentation ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pacemaker, Artificial/instrumentation
    Language English
    Publishing date 1977-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80026-0
    ISSN 1097-6744 ; 0002-8703
    ISSN (online) 1097-6744
    ISSN 0002-8703
    DOI 10.1016/s0002-8703(77)80138-5
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  6. Article ; Online: The cardiac implantable electronic device power source: evolution and revolution.

    Mond, Harry G / Freitag, Gary

    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE

    2014  Volume 37, Issue 12, Page(s) 1728–1745

    Abstract: Although the first power source for an implantable pacemaker was a rechargeable nickel-cadmium ... of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator, the reliable lithium-silver vanadium oxide became the power source. More recently ... as powering more complicated pacing devices such as biventricular pacemakers, treatment or prevention ...

    Abstract Although the first power source for an implantable pacemaker was a rechargeable nickel-cadmium battery, it was rapidly replaced by an unreliable short-life zinc-mercury cell. This sustained the small pacemaker industry until the early 1970s, when the lithium-iodine cell became the dominant power source for low voltage, microampere current, single- and dual-chamber pacemakers. By the early 2000s, a number of significant advances were occurring with pacemaker technology which necessitated that the power source should now provide milliampere current for data logging, telemetric communication, and programming, as well as powering more complicated pacing devices such as biventricular pacemakers, treatment or prevention of atrial tachyarrhythmias, and the integration of innovative physiologic sensors. Because the current delivery of the lithium-iodine battery was inadequate for these functions, other lithium anode chemistries that can provide medium power were introduced. These include lithium-carbon monofluoride, lithium-manganese dioxide, and lithium-silver vanadium oxide/carbon mono-fluoride hybrids. In the early 1980s, the first implantable defibrillators for high voltage therapy used a lithium-vanadium pentoxide battery. With the introduction of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator, the reliable lithium-silver vanadium oxide became the power source. More recently, because of the demands of biventricular pacing, data logging, and telemetry, lithium-manganese dioxide and the hybrid lithium-silver vanadium oxide/carbon mono-fluoride laminate have also been used. Today all cardiac implantable electronic devices are powered by lithium anode batteries.
    MeSH term(s) Defibrillators, Implantable ; Electric Power Supplies ; Equipment Design ; Pacemaker, Artificial
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 424437-0
    ISSN 1540-8159 ; 0147-8389
    ISSN (online) 1540-8159
    ISSN 0147-8389
    DOI 10.1111/pace.12526
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    Zs.MO 399: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Time for green pacemakers: renewable energy sources to power implanted cardiac devices.

    Roberts, Paul R

    Expert review of medical devices

    2009  Volume 6, Issue 6, Page(s) 597–598

    MeSH term(s) Bioelectric Energy Sources/trends ; Conservation of Energy Resources/methods ; Defibrillators, Implantable ; Humans ; Monitoring, Ambulatory/instrumentation ; Pacemaker, Artificial
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2250857-0
    ISSN 1745-2422 ; 1743-4440
    ISSN (online) 1745-2422
    ISSN 1743-4440
    DOI 10.1586/erd.09.44
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  8. Article: The solid-state lithium battery: a new improved chemical power source for implantable cardiac pacemakers.

    Greatbatch, W / Lee, J H / Mathias, W / Eldridge, M / Moser, J R / Schneider, A A

    IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering

    1971  Volume 18, Issue 5, Page(s) 317–323

    MeSH term(s) Biomedical Engineering ; Electrochemistry ; Electrodes ; Iodine ; Lithium ; Mercury ; Pacemaker, Artificial/instrumentation
    Chemical Substances Iodine (9679TC07X4) ; Lithium (9FN79X2M3F) ; Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1971-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 160429-6
    ISSN 1558-2531 ; 0018-9294
    ISSN (online) 1558-2531
    ISSN 0018-9294
    DOI 10.1109/tbme.1971.4502862
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  9. Article ; Online: A self-powered intracardiac pacemaker in swine model.

    Liu, Zhuo / Hu, Yiran / Qu, Xuecheng / Liu, Ying / Cheng, Sijing / Zhang, Zhengmin / Shan, Yizhu / Luo, Ruizeng / Weng, Sixian / Li, Hui / Niu, Hongxia / Gu, Min / Yao, Yan / Shi, Bojing / Wang, Ningning / Hua, Wei / Li, Zhou / Wang, Zhong Lin

    Nature communications

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 507

    Abstract: Harvesting biomechanical energy from cardiac motion is an attractive power source for implantable ... of implantable pacemakers and other bioelectronic devices for therapy and sensing. ... bioelectronic devices. Here, we report a battery-free, transcatheter, self-powered intracardiac pacemaker based ...

    Abstract Harvesting biomechanical energy from cardiac motion is an attractive power source for implantable bioelectronic devices. Here, we report a battery-free, transcatheter, self-powered intracardiac pacemaker based on the coupled effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction for the treatment of arrhythmia in large animal models. We show that the capsule-shaped device (1.75 g, 1.52 cc) can be integrated with a delivery catheter for implanting in the right ventricle of a swine through the intravenous route, which effectively converts cardiac motion energy to electricity and maintains endocardial pacing function during the three-week follow-up period. We measure in vivo open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the self-powered intracardiac pacemaker of about 6.0 V and 0.2 μA, respectively. This approach exhibits up-to-date progress in self-powered medical devices and it may overcome the inherent energy shortcomings of implantable pacemakers and other bioelectronic devices for therapy and sensing.
    MeSH term(s) Swine ; Animals ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Endocardium ; Prostheses and Implants ; Electricity ; Heart Ventricles
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-44510-6
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  10. Article ; Online: Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Cardiovascular Healthcare.

    Che, Ziyuan / O'Donovan, Sarah / Xiao, Xiao / Wan, Xiao / Chen, Guorui / Zhao, Xun / Zhou, Yihao / Yin, Junyi / Chen, Jun

    Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 51, Page(s) e2207600

    Abstract: ... powered cardiac monitoring devices, self-powered therapeutic devices, and power sources for cardiac ... on implantable triboelectric nanogenerators (I-TENGs) toward self-powered cardiac systems healthcare ... pacemakers, will be systematically reviewed. Long-term expectations of these implantable TENG devices ...

    Abstract Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained significant traction in recent years in the bioengineering community. With the potential for expansive applications for biomedical use, many individuals and research groups have furthered their studies on the topic, in order to gain an understanding of how TENGs can contribute to healthcare. More specifically, there have been a number of recent studies focusing on implantable triboelectric nanogenerators (I-TENGs) toward self-powered cardiac systems healthcare. In this review, the progression of implantable TENGs for self-powered cardiovascular healthcare, including self-powered cardiac monitoring devices, self-powered therapeutic devices, and power sources for cardiac pacemakers, will be systematically reviewed. Long-term expectations of these implantable TENG devices through their biocompatibility and other utilization strategies will also be discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Heart ; Prostheses and Implants ; Bioengineering ; Biomedical Engineering ; Electric Power Supplies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-09
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2168935-0
    ISSN 1613-6829 ; 1613-6810
    ISSN (online) 1613-6829
    ISSN 1613-6810
    DOI 10.1002/smll.202207600
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