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  1. Article: Taste and smell as chemosensory dysfunctions in COVID-19 infection.

    Passarelli, Pier Carmine / Lopez, Michele Antonio / Mastandrea Bonaviri, Giuseppe Niccolò / Garcia-Godoy, Franklin / D'Addona, Antonio

    American journal of dentistry

    2020  Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 135–137

    Abstract: ... presenting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: loss of taste (ageusia) and loss of smell (anosmia).: Methods ... This systematic review demonstrated significant presence of ageusia and anosmia in the patients with COVID-19 ... Of the 19 studies analyzed, five were included to evaluate the presence of ageusia and/or anosmia ...

    Abstract Purpose: To review the literature on the presence of two clinical manifestations in patients presenting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: loss of taste (ageusia) and loss of smell (anosmia).
    Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were searched and studies were selected starting from November, 2019 until April 2020; also, the references of the selected articles were evaluated for methodological quality.
    Results: Of the 19 studies analyzed, five were included to evaluate the presence of ageusia and/or anosmia as symptoms in patients who were tested and resulted positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In a total of 10,818 patients, 8,823 presented ageusia (81.6%; range 5.6%-88%) and 8,088 presented anosmia (74.8%; range 5.1-85.6%). Only one study recorded both symptoms with a percentage of 18.6%.
    Clinical significance: This systematic review demonstrated significant presence of ageusia and anosmia in the patients with COVID-19 infection. These symptoms may be considered as the first manifestation of the infection.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders/virology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; Taste ; Taste Disorders/virology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 645142-1
    ISSN 0894-8275
    ISSN 0894-8275
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Taste and smell as chemosensory dysfunctions in COVID-19 infection

    Passarelli, Pier Carmine / Lopez, Michele Antonio / Mastandrea Bonaviri, Giuseppe Niccolò / Garcia-Godoy, Franklin / D039, / Addona, Antonio

    American journal of dentistry

    Abstract: ... presenting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: loss of taste (ageusia) and loss of smell (anosmia) METHODS ... review demonstrated significant presence of ageusia and anosmia in the patients with COVID-19 infection ... Of the 19 studies analyzed, five were included to evaluate the presence of ageusia and/or anosmia ...

    Abstract PURPOSE: To review the literature on the presence of two clinical manifestations in patients presenting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: loss of taste (ageusia) and loss of smell (anosmia) METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE were searched and studies were selected starting from November, 2019 until April 2020;also, the references of the selected articles were evaluated for methodological quality RESULTS: Of the 19 studies analyzed, five were included to evaluate the presence of ageusia and/or anosmia as symptoms in patients who were tested and resulted positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus In a total of 10,818 patients, 8,823 presented ageusia (81 6%;range 5 6%-88%) and 8,088 presented anosmia (74 8%;range 5 1-85 6%) Only one study recorded both symptoms with a percentage of 18 6% CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This systematic review demonstrated significant presence of ageusia and anosmia in the patients with COVID-19 infection These symptoms may be considered as the first manifestation of the infection
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #436433
    Database COVID19

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  3. Article ; Online: Taste and smell as chemosensory dysfunctions in COVID-19 infection

    Passarelli, Pc / Lopez, Ma / Bonaviri, Gnm / Garcia-Godoy, F / D'Addona, A (orcid:0000-0002-0876-7594)

    2020  

    Abstract: ... presenting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: loss of taste (ageusia) and loss of smell (anosmia). Methods ... Of the 19 studies analyzed, five were included to evaluate the presence of ageusia and/or anosmia ... PubMed and EMBASE were searched and studies were selected starting from November, 2019 until April 2020 ...

    Abstract Purpose: To review the literature on the presence of two clinical manifestations in patients presenting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: loss of taste (ageusia) and loss of smell (anosmia). Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were searched and studies were selected starting from November, 2019 until April 2020; also, the references of the selected articles were evaluated for methodological quality. Results: Of the 19 studies analyzed, five were included to evaluate the presence of ageusia and/or anosmia as symptoms in patients who were tested and resulted positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In a total of 10,818 patients, 8,823 presented ageusia (81.6%; range 5.6%-88%) and 8,088 presented anosmia (74.8%; range 5.1-85.6%). Only one study recorded both symptoms with a percentage of 18.6%.
    Keywords Coronavirus infection ; Settore MED/28 - MALATTIE ODONTOSTOMATOLOGICHE ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher MOSHER & LINDER, INC
    Publishing country it
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Objective Evaluation of Smell and Taste Senses in COVID-19 Patients.

    Kaya, Altan / Altıparmak, Serkan / Yaşar, Mehmet / Özcan, İbrahim / Çelik, İlhami

    Turkish archives of otorhinolaryngology

    2022  Volume 60, Issue 3, Page(s) 128–133

    Abstract: ... in Group 1 and 3% in Group 2.: Conclusion: Smell and taste dysfunctions are very common symptoms ... of the recent times and can cause many symptoms including smell and taste disorders. In the literature ... to 98.3%. A small number of these studies demonstrated smell and taste disorders through objective tests ...

    Abstract Objective: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 pandemic is one of the largest of the recent times and can cause many symptoms including smell and taste disorders. In the literature, smell disorders caused by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have been reported within a wide range from 3.2% to 98.3%. A small number of these studies demonstrated smell and taste disorders through objective tests. Our aim in this study was to determine the prevalence of smell and taste disorders in hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 infection.
    Methods: The study was carried out with 100 patients who were positive for real-time polymerase chain reaction and treated at the Kayseri City Hospital, and 100 healthcare worker relatives. We used the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test to evaluate the sense of smell. Sense of taste was evaluated using four different standardized bottles of preparations, and the results were scored according to the patients' statements.
    Results: Patient (Group 1) and control (Group 2) groups were compared for age, gender, smell and taste disorders. There were 39 women and 61 men in the patient group, and 40 women and 60 men in the control group. Mean age was 50.2±1.37 (range 21-70) years in Group 1 and 47.6±1.25 (range 18-70) years in Group 2, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. While the rate of smell disorder was 80% in Group 1, we found this rate as 35% in Group 2. Taste disturbance was identified in 38 patients, of whom 16 had mild hypogeusia, 17 had moderate hypogeusia, four had severe hypogeusia, and one patient had ageusia. We found that taste disorder was 38% in Group 1 and 3% in Group 2.
    Conclusion: Smell and taste dysfunctions are very common symptoms in COVID-19 patients. The results obtained using objective test methods are higher than the rates obtained from patient statements.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-15
    Publishing country Turkey
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2667-7474
    ISSN (online) 2667-7474
    DOI 10.4274/tao.2022.2022-6-1
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  5. Article ; Online: Olfactory and taste dysfunctions in COVID-19.

    Rouadi, Philip W / Idriss, Samar A / Bousquet, Jean

    Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 229–244

    Abstract: ... to manage chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Besides, current mechanistic data suggest ... We reviewed the literature on OD and TD during the COVID-19 pandemic analyzing current data on pathogenesis and clinical ... during COVID-19 pandemic likely underestimates true prevalence, severity, and recovery rates of OD ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) can be a single and early prominent symptom of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-COV-2 infection unlike middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS. OD data are very informative but many are not peer-reviewed, often inconclusive and may reveal variable and sometimes contradictory results. This is often due to incongruent data of subjective and objective OD testing. Mechanistic pathways of OD and taste dysfunction (TD) are slowly unveiling, not infrequently extrapolated from historical models of SARS and MERS and are still partly unclear.
    Recent findings: We reviewed the literature on OD and TD during the COVID-19 pandemic analyzing current data on pathogenesis and clinical correlates including prevalence, recovery rates, risk factors, and predictive power. Also, we evaluated various methods of subjective and objective olfactory testing and discussed challenges in management of patients with OD and rhinitis during the pandemic.
    Summary: Subjective evaluation of smell disturbances during COVID-19 pandemic likely underestimates true prevalence, severity, and recovery rates of OD when compared to objective testing. OD is predictive of COVID-19 infection, more so when associated with TD. Recognizing inherent limitations of both subjective and objective OD and TD testing enables us better to manage chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Besides, current mechanistic data suggest neurotropism of COVID-19 for olfactory neuro-epithelium and a potential role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Future studies are needed to explore further the neurogenic inflammation in COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) Anosmia/etiology ; Anosmia/physiopathology ; Anosmia/therapy ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/physiopathology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Taste Disorders/etiology ; Taste Disorders/physiopathology ; Taste Disorders/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2088710-3
    ISSN 1473-6322 ; 1528-4050
    ISSN (online) 1473-6322
    ISSN 1528-4050
    DOI 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000735
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  6. Article ; Online: COVID-19: Recovery from Chemosensory Dysfunction. A Multicentre study on Smell and Taste.

    Niklassen, Andreas Steenholt / Draf, Julia / Huart, Caroline / Hintschich, Constantin / Bocksberger, Simone / Trecca, Eleonora Maria Consiglia / Klimek, Ludger / Le Bon, Serge D / Altundag, Aytug / Hummel, Thomas

    The Laryngoscope

    2021  Volume 131, Issue 5, Page(s) 1095–1100

    Abstract: ... Conclusions: Chemosensory dysfunction is very common in COVID-19, either as isolated smell or taste ... Objective/hypothesis: With the COVID-19 pandemic, chemosensory dysfunction are among the most ... The objective is to test chemosensory dysfunction and recovery based on extensive psychophysical tests in COVID ...

    Abstract Objective/hypothesis: With the COVID-19 pandemic, chemosensory dysfunction are among the most prevalent symptoms. Most reports are subjective evaluations, which have been suggested to be unreliable. The objective is to test chemosensory dysfunction and recovery based on extensive psychophysical tests in COVID-19 during the course of the disease.
    Study design: Prospective cohort study.
    Methods: A total of 111 patients from four centers participated in the study. All tested positive for SARS-COV-2 with RT-PCR. They were tested within 3 days of diagnosis and 28 to 169 days after infection. Testing included extensive olfactory testing with the Sniffin' Sticks test for threshold, discrimination and identification abilities, and with the Taste Sprays and Taste Strips for gustatory function for quasi-threshold and taste identification abilities.
    Results: There was a significant difference in olfactory function during and after infection. During infection 21% were anosmic, 49% hyposmic, and 30% normosmic. After infection only 1% were anosmic, 26% hyposmic, and 73% normosmic. For gustatory function, there was a difference for all taste qualities, but significantly in sour, bitter, and total score. Twenty-six percent had gustatory dysfunction during infection and 6.5% had gustatory dysfunction after infection. Combining all tests 22% had combined olfactory and gustatory dysfunction during infection. After infection no patients had combined dysfunction.
    Conclusions: Chemosensory dysfunction is very common in COVID-19, either as isolated smell or taste dysfunction or a combined dysfunction. Most people regain their chemosensory function within the first 28 days, but a quarter of the patients show persisting dysfunction, which should be referred to specialist smell and taste clinics for rehabilitation of chemosensory function.
    Level of evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 131:1095-1100, 2021.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/virology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Olfaction Disorders/physiopathology ; Olfaction Disorders/rehabilitation ; Olfaction Disorders/virology ; Olfactory Perception/physiology ; Prospective Studies ; Psychophysics/methods ; Recovery of Function/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Taste Disorders/physiopathology ; Taste Disorders/rehabilitation ; Taste Disorders/virology ; Taste Perception/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80180-x
    ISSN 1531-4995 ; 0023-852X
    ISSN (online) 1531-4995
    ISSN 0023-852X
    DOI 10.1002/lary.29383
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  7. Article ; Online: Evaluating long-term smell or taste dysfunction in mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients: a 3-year follow-up study.

    Boscolo-Rizzo, Paolo / Spinato, Giacomo / Hopkins, Claire / Marzolino, Riccardo / Cavicchia, Angelo / Zucchini, Simone / Borsetto, Daniele / Lechien, Jerome R / Vaira, Luigi Angelo / Tirelli, Giancarlo

    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

    2023  Volume 280, Issue 12, Page(s) 5625–5630

    Abstract: ... year prevalence and recovery rate of COVID-19-related alteration in sense of smell or taste was 5% and ... the 3-year prevalence and recovery rate of self-reported COVID-19-related chemosensory dysfunction ... respectively. Among the 267 patients with COVID-19-associated smell or taste dysfunction at baseline, 246 (92.1 ...

    Abstract Introduction: No studies have reported data on 3-year prevalence and recovery rates of self-reported COVID-19-related olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to estimate the 3-year prevalence and recovery rate of self-reported COVID-19-related chemosensory dysfunction in a cohort of patients with antecedent mild COVID-19.
    Methods: This is a prospective observational study, measuring the prevalence of altered sense of smell or taste at follow-up and their variation from baseline, on adult patients consecutively assessed at Treviso and Trieste University Hospitals, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by polymerase chain reaction during March 2020.
    Results: Overall, out of 403 respondents, 267 patients (66.3%) reported an altered sense of smell or taste (SNOT-22 > 0) at baseline, while 56 (13.9%), 29 (7.2%), and 21 (5.2%) reported such alterations at 6-24 months, 2 years, and 3 years, respectively. Among the 267 patients with COVID-19-associated smell or taste dysfunction at baseline, 246 (92.1%) reported complete resolution at 3 years. Of the patients who still experienced smell or taste dysfunction 2 years after COVID-19, 27.6% and 37.9% recovered completely and partially, respectively, at the 3-year follow-up.
    Conclusion: Among subjects with antecedent mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the 3-year prevalence and recovery rate of COVID-19-related alteration in sense of smell or taste was 5% and 92%, respectively. In approximately two-thirds of patients experiencing chemosensory dysfunction still 2 years after COVID-19, it is still possible to observe a delayed complete or partial recovery after a period of 3 years, while the remaining one-third of individuals continues to have unchanged persistent chemosensory alteration.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Smell ; Follow-Up Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; RNA, Viral ; Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis ; Olfaction Disorders/epidemiology ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology ; Taste Disorders/epidemiology ; Taste Disorders/etiology ; Taste
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1017359-6
    ISSN 1434-4726 ; 0937-4477
    ISSN (online) 1434-4726
    ISSN 0937-4477
    DOI 10.1007/s00405-023-08227-y
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  8. Article: Possible Role of Endocannabinoids in Olfactory and Taste Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients and Volumetric Changes in the Brain.

    Ergül, Zafer / Kaptan, Zülal / Kars, Ayhan / Biçer, Gülşah / Kılınç, Çetin / Petekkaya, Emine / Çöplü, Nilay

    Chemosensory perception

    2022  , Page(s) 1–10

    Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 infection develops neurologic symptoms such as smell and taste loss ... Taste and smell disorder scores and EC levels were found to be higher in recovered COVID-19 patients ... through a questionnaire, were taken, and the volumes of the brain regions associated with taste and smell were measured ...

    Abstract Introduction: COVID-19 infection develops neurologic symptoms such as smell and taste loss. We aimed to determine the volumetric changes in the brain and correlation of possible related biochemical parameters and endocannabinoid levels after COVID-19 recovery.
    Methods: Brain magnetic resonance images of recovered COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers, whose olfactory and gustatory scores were obtained through a questionnaire, were taken, and the volumes of the brain regions associated with taste and smell were measured by automatic and semiautomatic methods. Endocannabinoids (EC), which are critical in the olfactory system, and vitamin B12, zinc, iron, ferritin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroxine (T4) levels, which are reported to have possible roles in olfactory disorders, were measured in peripheral blood.
    Results: Taste and smell disorder scores and EC levels were found to be higher in recovered COVID-19 patients compared to controls. EC levels were negatively correlated with bilateral entorhinal cortex (ENT) volumes in the COVID-19 group. Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex volumes showed correlations with gustatory complaints and ferritin in recovered COVID-19 patients.
    Conclusions: The critical finding of our study is the high EC levels and negative correlation between EC levels and left ENT volumes in recovered COVID-19 patients.
    Implications: It is possible that ECs are potential neuromodulators in many conditions leading to olfactory disorders, including COVID-19.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2424048-5
    ISSN 1936-5810 ; 1936-5802
    ISSN (online) 1936-5810
    ISSN 1936-5802
    DOI 10.1007/s12078-022-09301-1
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  9. Article ; Online: Acute Loss of Smell or Taste Without Nasal Blockage Should Raise Suspicion for COVID-19 Infection.

    Elangovan, Satheesh

    The journal of evidence-based dental practice

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 101525

    Abstract: Article title and bibliographic information: Taste and smell as chemosensory dysfunctions in COVID ... 19 infection. Passarelli PC, Lopez MA, Mastandrea Bonaviri GN, Garcia-Godoy F, D'Addona A.Am J Dent ...

    Abstract Article title and bibliographic information: Taste and smell as chemosensory dysfunctions in COVID-19 infection. Passarelli PC, Lopez MA, Mastandrea Bonaviri GN, Garcia-Godoy F, D'Addona A.Am J Dent 2020;33(3):135-137.
    Source of funding: Information not available.
    Type of study/design: Systematic review.
    MeSH term(s) Anosmia ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Nasal Obstruction ; Olfaction Disorders ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; Taste
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2056058-8
    ISSN 1532-3390 ; 1532-3382
    ISSN (online) 1532-3390
    ISSN 1532-3382
    DOI 10.1016/j.jebdp.2020.101525
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  10. Article ; Online: Prevalence of taste and smell dysfunction in mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients during Omicron prevalent period in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional survey study.

    Wang, Jia / Chen, Yan / Huang, Jing / Niu, Chenguang / Zhang, Pengfei / Yuan, Keyong / Zhu, Xiaohan / Jin, Qiaoqiao / Ran, Shujun / Huang, Zhengwei

    BMJ open

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) e067065

    Abstract: ... the economy globally. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of taste and/or smell dysfunction and ... from both taste and smell dysfunction. In addition, cough (60.2%), expectoration (40.5%), fever (33.2%) and ... negatively associated with participants' self-reported taste and smell dysfunction.: Conclusions ...

    Abstract Objectives: COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a severe threat to human health and the economy globally. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of taste and/or smell dysfunction and associated risk factors in mild and asymptomatic patients with Omicron infection in Shanghai, China.
    Setting: COVID-19 patients at the makeshift hospital in the Shanghai World Expo Exhibition and Convention Centre were recruited from March to April 2022.
    Participants: In total, 686 COVID-19-infected patients who were defined as mild or asymptomatic cases according to the diagnostic criteria of New Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Programme ninth edition (National Health Commission of China, 2022) were enrolled.
    Measures: Data to investigate taste and smell loss and to characterise other symptoms were collected by the modified Chemotherapy-induced Taste Alteration Scale and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 questionnaires. The risk factors for the severity of taste/smell dysfunction were analysed by binary logistic regression models.
    Results: 379 males (379/686, 55.2%) and 307 females (307/686, 44.8%) completed the questionnaires to record recent changes in taste and smell ability. A total of 302 patients (44%) had chemosensory dysfunction with Omicron infection, of which 22.7% (156/686) suffered from both taste and smell dysfunction. In addition, cough (60.2%), expectoration (40.5%), fever (33.2%) and sore throat (32.5%) were common symptoms during Omicron infection. The quality-of-life-related indicators were negatively associated with participants' self-reported taste and smell dysfunction.
    Conclusions: The prevalence of taste or/and smell dysfunction in patients with Omicron infections was 44%. Individuals with chemosensory dysfunction had significantly higher rates of various upper respiratory influenza-like symptoms, xerostomia and bad breath. Moreover, smell dysfunction was a risk factor for the prevalence of taste dysfunction in patients with Omicron infection.
    Trial registration number: ChiCTR 2200059097.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Taste ; Prevalence ; China/epidemiology ; Olfaction Disorders/epidemiology ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology ; Taste Disorders/epidemiology ; Taste Disorders/etiology ; Taste Disorders/diagnosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067065
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