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Article: Cannulation techniques for extracorporeal life support.

Pavlushkov, Evgeny / Berman, Marius / Valchanov, Kamen

2017 Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 70

Abstract: The article reviews cannulation strategy for different modes of extracorporeal life support ... extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA, VV, VAV, VVA), biventricular assist device support and extracorporeal CO ...

Abstract	The article reviews cannulation strategy for different modes of extracorporeal life support. Technical aspects, pitfalls and complications are discussed for central and peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA, VV, VAV, VVA), biventricular assist device support and extracorporeal CO
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-22
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2893931-1
ISSN	2305-5847 ; 2305-5839
ISSN (online)	2305-5847
ISSN	2305-5839
DOI	10.21037/atm.2016.11.47
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Article ; Online: Improving cannulation time for extracorporeal life support in refractory cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac cause - Comparison of two percutaneous cannulation techniques in the catheterization laboratory in a center without on-site cardiovascular surgery.

Voicu, Sebastian / Henry, Patrick / Malissin, Isabelle / Dillinger, Jean-Guillaume / Koumoulidis, Anastasios / Magkoutis, Nikos / Yannopoulos, Demetris / Logeart, Damien / Manzo-Silberman, Stéphane / Péron, Nicolas / Deye, Nicolas / Megarbane, Bruno / Sideris, Georgios

Resuscitation

2018 Volume 122, Page(s) 69–75

Abstract: ... arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vaECMO) implemented surgically or percutaneously ... We performed a study assessing time for vaECMO percutaneous cannulation in the catheterization laboratory ... cardiac cause between 2010 and 2016, cannulated by interventional cardiologists. Cannulation time using ...

Abstract	Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) without return of spontaneous circulation can be treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vaECMO) implemented surgically or percutaneously. We performed a study assessing time for vaECMO percutaneous cannulation in the catheterization laboratory. Methods: Single-centre retrospective study in a University hospital without on-site cardiovascular surgery, including patients aged >18 receiving vaECMO for out- or in-hospital refractory CA of presumed cardiac cause between 2010 and 2016, cannulated by interventional cardiologists. Cannulation time using anatomic landmarks vessel puncture and conventional wires (first period) was compared with ultrasound guidance puncture and stiff wires (second period). Data are expressed as medians (interquartile range) and percentages. Results: Forty-six patients were included, age 56 (49-62), 34 in the first period. Shockable initial rhythm occurred in 29 (63%), 36 (78%) had ischemic heart disease and 26 (57%) acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Out-of-hospital refractory CA occurred in 27 (59%) patients. Time from out-of-hospital refractory CA to admission was 100 (80-118) min. Cannulation was successful in 42 (91%) patients. Cannulation time was 14 (10-21) min, 17 (12-26) (first) and 8 (6-12) min (second period), p<0.001. Survival to discharge was 9%. In out-of-hospital versus in-hospital, time from CA to vaECMO was 120 (115-140) versus 82 (58-102) min, p=0.011, survival was 7% (two patients) versus 11% (two patients), p=0.35 respectively. All survivors had shockable initial rhythm. Conclusion: In these refractory CA patients with high prevalence of AMI and good feasibility of percutaneous vaECMO in the catheterization laboratory, cannulation time was shorter using ultrasound guidance and stiff wires.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Cardiac Catheterization/methods ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods ; Catheterization ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease/complications ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/complications ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/diagnostic imaging ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/mortality ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Time-to-Treatment ; Ultrasonography, Interventional
Language	English
Publishing date	2018
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189901-6
ISSN	1873-1570 ; 0300-9572
ISSN (online)	1873-1570
ISSN	0300-9572
DOI	10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.11.057
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Article ; Online: Percutaneous vascular cannulation for extracorporeal life support (ECLS): a modified technique.

Grasselli, Giacomo / Pesenti, Antonio / Marcolin, Roberto / Patroniti, Nicolò / Isgró, Stefano / Tagliabue, Paola / Lucchini, Alberto / Fumagalli, Roberto

The International journal of artificial organs

2010 Volume 33, Issue 8, Page(s) 553–557

Abstract: ... of extracorporeal circulation techniques and to preserve patients' safety. Techniques of cannulation have changed over the years ... an original modified percutaneous cannulation technique developed in our Department and we report our clinical ... Purpose: Vascular access and cannulation are crucial issues to maximize the efficiency ...

Abstract	Purpose: Vascular access and cannulation are crucial issues to maximize the efficiency of extracorporeal circulation techniques and to preserve patients' safety. Techniques of cannulation have changed over the years, from surgical cutdown to percutaneous approaches, which are now considered standard practice. We describe an original modified percutaneous cannulation technique developed in our Department and we report our clinical experience and complications observed. Methods: A Seldinger technique utilizing 3 guidewires with passage of a dilator over each guidewire was used. Two concentric pursestring sutures, prepared before cannulation, minimize procedure-associated bleeding. Cannulation is performed under direct fluoroscopic control. Results: From 1997 to 2009, 38 patients (31 VV-ECLS, 7 VA-ECLS) have been cannulated using our technique, resulting in a total of 69 venous cannulations. Average external caliber of venous cannulae was 23 Fr (15-29 Fr). Mean duration of the entire cannulation procedure was 40 minutes (20-60 min). Adverse events occurred in 3 patients. Conclusions: The technique described is safe and feasible and the incidence of procedure-related complications is very low, but it may require longer time to be performed.
MeSH term(s)	Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects ; Catheterization, Central Venous/instrumentation ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Extracorporeal Circulation/adverse effects ; Extracorporeal Circulation/instrumentation ; Extracorporeal Circulation/methods ; Humans ; Radiography, Interventional ; Suture Techniques ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-09-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80456-3
ISSN	1724-6040 ; 0391-3988
ISSN (online)	1724-6040
ISSN	0391-3988
DOI	10.1177/039139881003300806
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Article ; Online: Challenges in cannulation of left ventricular apex for temporary circulatory support: a case report.

Di Stefano, Salvatore / Sarralde, José Aurelio / San Román, José Alberto / Stepanenko, Alexander

AME case reports

2021 Volume 5, Page(s) 32

Abstract: ... in case of prolonged support due to donor organ shortage. Traditional cannulation techniques ... on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support secondary to acute myocardial infarction ... Apical cannulation of a left ventricle for temporary support is still challenging, especially ...

Abstract	Apical cannulation of a left ventricle for temporary support is still challenging, especially in case of prolonged support due to donor organ shortage. Traditional cannulation techniques with the cannula being directly inserted into the left ventricle cavity are technically easy, but prone to hemorrhage during circulatory support, unsafe for a prolonged support (over than 30 days) and limits the possibility to ambulate patient due to risk for cannula dislocation and related life-threatening bleeding. We describe a case of temporary left ventricular assist device placement in a 59-year-old male patient being on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support secondary to acute myocardial infarction. We present a very simple technique to secure insertion of an apical left ventricular cannula using patch of soft Teflon felt. Handmade created apical soft Teflon cuff is than fixed using twelve 4/0 prolene sutures supported with pledgets. This gives better fixation to apical myocardium (especially in case of fragile tissue after acute infarction) and secure intracavitary length of inflow cannula in a controlled mode, thus better than purse-string sutures only. Using anti-adhesive membrane, further dissection during heart transplant procedure was uneventful. This technique allowed safe circulatory support and patient ambulation in the ward during 85 days until heart transplantation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-25
Publishing country	China
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2523-1995
ISSN (online)	2523-1995
DOI	10.21037/acr-19-191
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Article ; Online: Novel cannulation strategy with a bidirectional cannula for distal limb perfusion during peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal life support: A preliminary, single-centre study.

Simons, Jorik / Doddema, Arne R / Körver, Erik Pj / di Mauro, Michele / Agricola, Sandra / Smets, Jeroen / Metz, Renske / Mariani, Silvia / De Piero, Maria Elena / Matteucci, Matteo / Romeo, Jamie / Ravaux, Justine M / van Mook, Walther Nka / Mees, Barend Me / Lorusso, Roberto

Perfusion

2023 Volume 38, Issue 1_suppl, Page(s) 44–53

Abstract: ... life support (V-A ECLS). Several techniques have been developed to prevent this, but it remains a major ... Twenty-two consecutive patients were included. During extracorporeal life support (ECLS) support, limb ... requiring intervention during cardio-circulatory support. Secondary outcomes were compartment syndrome, limb ...

Abstract	Introduction: Limb ischemia is a severe complication of peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal life support (V-A ECLS). Several techniques have been developed to prevent this, but it remains a major and frequent adverse event (incidence: 10-30%). In 2019, a new cannula with bidirectional flow (retrograde towards the heart and antegrade towards the distal limb) has been introduced. A single-centre experience with this cannula in patients undergoing peripheral V-A ECLS is herewith reported. Methods: This prospective observational study included adults (≥18 years) undergoing V-A ECLS from January 2021 to October 2022 with the use of a bidirectional femoral artery cannula. Primary outcome was limb ischemia requiring intervention during cardio-circulatory support. Secondary outcomes were compartment syndrome, limb amputation, cannulation site bleeding, need for other surgical intervention due to cannula related complications, duplex ultrasound parameters from the femoral vessels, and in-hospital survival. Results: Twenty-two consecutive patients were included. During extracorporeal life support (ECLS) support, limb ischemia requiring intervention occurred in one patient (4.5%) and no patients developed a compartment syndrome, or required a fasciotomy or amputation. Significant bleeding was reported in two patients (9%) due to slight cannula dislodgement, easily solved with cannula repositioning. In-hospital survival was 63.6%. Conclusions: The bidirectional cannula is associated with a low risk for limb ischemia-related complications compared to current literature, and apparently represents a safe alternative to dedicated distal perfusion cannula. Further studies are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Cannula ; Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects ; Catheterization, Peripheral/methods ; Perfusion/adverse effects ; Lower Extremity/blood supply ; Femoral Artery/surgery ; Ischemia ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	645038-6
ISSN	1477-111X ; 0267-6591
ISSN (online)	1477-111X
ISSN	0267-6591
DOI	10.1177/02676591231159565
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Article: Endothelial and Hemodynamic Function in a Large Animal Model in Relation to Different Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cannulation Strategies and Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping.

Gerfer, Stephen / Djordjevic, Ilija / Maier, Johanna / Movahed, Ana / Elskamp, Mara / Kuhn, Elmar / Liakopoulos, Oliver / Wahlers, Thorsten / Deppe, Antje C

Journal of clinical medicine

2023 Volume 12, Issue 12

Abstract: ... support. Endothelial function, especially in relation to different cannulation techniques, is rarely ... investigated in the setting of extracorporeal life support (ECLS). In this study, we analyzed endothelial ... without concomitant IABP support in a large animal model to gain a better understanding of the underlying basic ...

Abstract	Background: The use of simultaneous veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with or without an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) is a widely used tool for mechanical hemodynamic support. Endothelial function, especially in relation to different cannulation techniques, is rarely investigated in the setting of extracorporeal life support (ECLS). In this study, we analyzed endothelial function in relation to hemodynamic and laboratory parameters for central and peripheral ECMO, with or without concomitant IABP support in a large animal model to gain a better understanding of the underlying basic mechanisms. Methods: In this large animal model, healthy female pigs with preserved ejection fraction were divided into the following groups related to cannulation strategy for ECMO and simultaneous IBAP support: control (no ECMO, no IABP), peripheral ECMO (pECMO), central ECMO (cECMO), pECMO and IABP or cECMO and IABP. During the experimental setting, the blood flow in the ascending aorta, left coronary artery and arteria carotis was measured. Afterwards, endothelial function was investigated after harvesting the right coronary artery, arteria carotis and renal artery. In addition, laboratory markers, such as creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase muscle-brain (CK-MB), troponin, creatinine and endothelin were analyzed. Results: The blood flow in the ascending aorta and the left coronary artery was significantly lower in all discussed experimental settings compared to the control group. Of note, the cECMO cannulation strategy generated favorable hemodynamic circumstances with higher blood flow in the coronary arteries than pECMO regardless of flow circumstances in the ascending aorta. The concomitant usage of IABP did not result in an improvement of the coronary blood flow, but partially showed a negative impact on the endothelial function of coronary arteries in comparison to the control. These findings correlate to higher CK/CK-MB levels in the setting of cECMO + IABP and pECMO + IABP. Conclusions: The usage of mechanical circulatory support with concomitant ECMO and IABP in a large animal model might have an influence on the endothelial function of coronary arteries while not improving the coronary artery perfusion in healthy hearts with preserved ejection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm12124038
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Article ; Online: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation after Heart Transplantation: Impact of Type of Cannulation.

Mehdiani, Arash / Immohr, Moritz Benjamin / Boettger, Charlotte / Dalyanoglu, Hannan / Scheiber, Daniel / Westenfeld, Ralf / Aubin, Hug / Akhyari, Payam / Saeed, Diyar / Lichtenberg, Artur / Boeken, Udo

The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon

2020 Volume 69, Issue 3, Page(s) 263–270

Abstract: ... heart transplantation (htx). The use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) after htx has increased during the last years ... cannulation. We aimed to compare both cannulation techniques.: Methods: Ninety patients underwent htx ... peripheral and central cannulation strategies are safe and feasible for prolonged venoarterial ECMO support ...

Abstract	Background: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a common cause of early death after heart transplantation (htx). The use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) after htx has increased during the last years. It is still discussed controversially whether peripheral cannulation is favorable compared to central cannulation. We aimed to compare both cannulation techniques. Methods: Ninety patients underwent htx in our department between 2010 and 2017. Twenty-five patients were treated with ECLS due to PGD (10 central extracorporeal membrane oxygenator [cECMO] and 15 peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenator [pECMO] cannulation). Pre- and intraoperative parameters were comparable between both groups. Results: Thirty-day mortality was comparable between the ECLS-groups (cECMO: 30%; pECMO: 40%, Conclusions: In patients supported for PGD, peripheral and central cannulation strategies are safe and feasible for prolonged venoarterial ECMO support. There was no increase in bleeding after central implantation. With regard to the potential complications of a pECMO, we think that aortic cannulation with tunneling of the cannula and closure of the chest could be a good option in patients with PGD after htx.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Catheterization/adverse effects ; Catheterization/mortality ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/adverse effects ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/mortality ; Female ; Heart Transplantation/adverse effects ; Heart Transplantation/mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Primary Graft Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Primary Graft Dysfunction/mortality ; Primary Graft Dysfunction/physiopathology ; Primary Graft Dysfunction/therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-08
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	800050-5
ISSN	1439-1902 ; 0171-6425 ; 0946-4778 ; 0172-6137
ISSN (online)	1439-1902
ISSN	0171-6425 ; 0946-4778 ; 0172-6137
DOI	10.1055/s-0039-3400472
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Article ; Online: Endothelial and Hemodynamic Function in a Large Animal Model in Relation to Different Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cannulation Strategies and Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping

Stephen Gerfer / Ilija Djordjevic / Johanna Maier / Ana Movahed / Mara Elskamp / Elmar Kuhn / Oliver Liakopoulos / Thorsten Wahlers / Antje C. Deppe

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 4038, p

2023 Volume 4038

Abstract: ... support. Endothelial function, especially in relation to different cannulation techniques, is rarely ... investigated in the setting of extracorporeal life support (ECLS). In this study, we analyzed endothelial ... divided into the following groups related to cannulation strategy for ECMO and simultaneous IBAP support ...

Abstract	Background: The use of simultaneous veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with or without an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) is a widely used tool for mechanical hemodynamic support. Endothelial function, especially in relation to different cannulation techniques, is rarely investigated in the setting of extracorporeal life support (ECLS). In this study, we analyzed endothelial function in relation to hemodynamic and laboratory parameters for central and peripheral ECMO, with or without concomitant IABP support in a large animal model to gain a better understanding of the underlying basic mechanisms. Methods: In this large animal model, healthy female pigs with preserved ejection fraction were divided into the following groups related to cannulation strategy for ECMO and simultaneous IBAP support: control (no ECMO, no IABP), peripheral ECMO (pECMO), central ECMO (cECMO), pECMO and IABP or cECMO and IABP. During the experimental setting, the blood flow in the ascending aorta, left coronary artery and arteria carotis was measured. Afterwards, endothelial function was investigated after harvesting the right coronary artery, arteria carotis and renal artery. In addition, laboratory markers, such as creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase muscle–brain (CK-MB), troponin, creatinine and endothelin were analyzed. Results: The blood flow in the ascending aorta and the left coronary artery was significantly lower in all discussed experimental settings compared to the control group. Of note, the cECMO cannulation strategy generated favorable hemodynamic circumstances with higher blood flow in the coronary arteries than pECMO regardless of flow circumstances in the ascending aorta. The concomitant usage of IABP did not result in an improvement of the coronary blood flow, but partially showed a negative impact on the endothelial function of coronary arteries in comparison to the control. These findings correlate to higher CK/CK-MB levels in the setting of cECMO + IABP and pECMO + IABP. Conclusions: The ...
Keywords	mechanical circulatory support ; extracorporeal life support ; ECLS ; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ; ECMO ; intra-aortic balloon pump ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation after Heart Transplantation: Impact of Type of Cannulation

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon

2020 Volume 69, Issue 03, Page(s) 263–270

Abstract: ... heart transplantation (htx). The use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) after htx has increased during the last years ... cannulation. We aimed to compare both cannulation techniques.: Methods: Ninety patients underwent htx ... extracorporeal membrane oxygenator [cECMO] and 15 peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenator [pECMO] cannulation). Pre- and ...

Abstract	Background: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a common cause of early death after heart transplantation (htx). The use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) after htx has increased during the last years. It is still discussed controversially whether peripheral cannulation is favorable compared to central cannulation. We aimed to compare both cannulation techniques. Methods: Ninety patients underwent htx in our department between 2010 and 2017. Twenty-five patients were treated with ECLS due to PGD (10 central extracorporeal membrane oxygenator [cECMO] and 15 peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenator [pECMO] cannulation). Pre- and intraoperative parameters were comparable between both groups. Results: Thirty-day mortality was comparable between the ECLS-groups (cECMO: 30%; pECMO: 40%, p = 0.691). Survival at 1 year ( n = 18) was 40 and 30.8% for cECMO and pECMO, respectively. The incidence of postoperative renal failure, stroke, limb ischemia, and infection was comparable between both groups. We also did not find significant differences in duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay, or in-hospital stay. The incidence of bleeding complications was also similar (cECMO: 60%; pECMO: 67%). Potential differences in support duration in pECMO group (10.4 ± 9.3 vs. 5.7 ± 4.7 days, p = 0.110) did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: In patients supported for PGD, peripheral and central cannulation strategies are safe and feasible for prolonged venoarterial ECMO support. There was no increase in bleeding after central implantation. With regard to the potential complications of a pECMO, we think that aortic cannulation with tunneling of the cannula and closure of the chest could be a good option in patients with PGD after htx.
Keywords	transplantation ; heart ; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ; ECMO
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-08
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	800050-5
ISSN	1439-1902 ; 0171-6425 ; 0946-4778 ; 0172-6137
ISSN (online)	1439-1902
ISSN	0171-6425 ; 0946-4778 ; 0172-6137
DOI	10.1055/s-0039-3400472
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Direct axillary artery cannulation in cardiac surgery: clinical outcomes.

Hysi, Ilir / Renaut, Carlos / Fabre, Olivier

Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals

2017 Volume 25, Issue 7-8, Page(s) 502–503

Abstract: ... extracorporeal life support ( n = 36), transarterial valve replacement ( n = 27), ascending aortic aneurysm ( n ... Objective Axillary artery cannulation is still regarded with distrust by surgeons ... because the artery is supposed to be fragile, difficult to access, and its cannulation is often considered time ...

Abstract	Objective Axillary artery cannulation is still regarded with distrust by surgeons because the artery is supposed to be fragile, difficult to access, and its cannulation is often considered time-consuming. This study was carried out to assess our results in a series of patients, using a simplified surgical approach to axillary artery cannulation. Methods Data were collected retrospectively from our prospective database. All patients operated on in our department between January 2004 and October 2016 and scheduled for various cardiac procedures with direct axillary artery cannulation were included in this study. In this twelve-year period, 246 patients had direct axillary artery cannulation during a cardiac surgical procedure. The mean age was 67.3 ± 14.7 years. The artery was approached at the level of the deltopectoral groove and cannulated by the direct Seldinger technique. Results The main indications for axillary artery cannulation were: right minithoracotomy aortic valve replacement ( n = 93), aortic dissection ( n = 57), extracorporeal life support ( n = 36), transarterial valve replacement ( n = 27), ascending aortic aneurysm ( n = 16), and others ( n = 17). The cannulation was right-sided in 90.6% of patients. Axillary cannulation-related morbidity was 6.1%. Axillary cannulation-related mortality was 0.8% (2 patients). Conclusions The axillary artery is a reliable site for rapid cannulation, carrying a low risk of morbidity and mortality. Our findings show that this artery is solid and can be very useful in everyday cardiac surgical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Axillary Artery ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures/mortality ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass/adverse effects ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass/methods ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass/mortality ; Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects ; Catheterization, Peripheral/methods ; Catheterization, Peripheral/mortality ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media
ZDB-ID	1400468-9
ISSN	1816-5370 ; 0218-4923
ISSN (online)	1816-5370
ISSN	0218-4923
DOI	10.1177/0218492317732675
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