Article ; Online: Demographic risk factors for COVID-19 infection, severity, ICU admission and death: a meta-analysis of 59 studies.
2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) e044640
Abstract: ... a higher risk for COVID-19 infection, severe disease, ICU admission and death.: Prospero registration ... case-control studies that evaluated differences in age and sex on the risk of COVID-19 infection, disease severity ... in different severity stages ranging from infection to death.: Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis ...
| Abstract | Objective: We aimed to describe the associations of age and sex with the risk of COVID-19 in different severity stages ranging from infection to death. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: PubMed and Embase through 4 May 2020. Study selection: We considered cohort and case-control studies that evaluated differences in age and sex on the risk of COVID-19 infection, disease severity, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. Data extraction and synthesis: We screened and included studies using standardised electronic data extraction forms and we pooled data from published studies and data acquired by contacting authors using random effects meta-analysis. We assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: We screened 11.550 titles and included 59 studies comprising 36.470 patients in the analyses. The methodological quality of the included papers was high (8.2 out of 9). Men had a higher risk for infection with COVID-19 than women (relative risk (RR) 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.12). When infected, they also had a higher risk for severe COVID-19 disease (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.27), a higher need for intensive care (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.74) and a higher risk of death (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.91). The analyses also showed that patients aged 70 years and above have a higher infection risk (RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.81), a higher risk for severe COVID-19 disease (RR 2.05, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.32), a higher need for intensive care (RR 2.70, 95% CI 1.59 to 4.60) and a higher risk of death once infected (RR 3.61, 95% CI 2.70 to 4.84) compared with patients younger than 70 years. Conclusions: Meta-analyses on 59 studies comprising 36.470 patients showed that men and patients aged 70 and above have a higher risk for COVID-19 infection, severe disease, ICU admission and death. Prospero registration number: CRD42020180085. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Age Factors ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/therapy ; Critical Care ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sex Factors |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2021-01-11 |
| Publishing country | England |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review |
| ZDB-ID | 2599832-8 |
| ISSN | 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055 |
| ISSN (online) | 2044-6055 |
| ISSN | 2044-6055 |
| DOI | 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044640 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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