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Article ; Online: Influenza C virus–associated community-acquired pneumonia in children.

Principi, Nicola / Scala, Alessia / Daleno, Cristina / Esposito, Susanna

2013 Volume 7, Issue 6, Page(s) 999–1003

Abstract: To evaluate the impact of influenza C (ICV) infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia ... of five of 391 patients (1·3%). In children with ICV-associated CAP, clinical data were similar ... to those observed in children with IAV-associated CAP and worse than those observed in children with IBV-associated ...

Abstract	To evaluate the impact of influenza C (ICV) infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), all of the children consecutively seen during 4 influenza seasons with respiratory symptoms and radiographically confirmed CAP were prospectively evaluated. ICV was identified in the respiratory secretions of five of 391 patients (1·3%). In children with ICV-associated CAP, clinical data were similar to those observed in children with IAV-associated CAP and worse than those observed in children with IBV-associated. The phylogenetic tree showed that the sequenced strains clustered in two of the six ICV lineages. These findings highlight that ICV can be a cause of CAP of children and that this can be severe enough to require hospitalization.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cluster Analysis ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/pathology ; Community-Acquired Infections/virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/pathology ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Gammainfluenzavirus/classification ; Gammainfluenzavirus/genetics ; Gammainfluenzavirus/isolation & purification ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/pathology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-04-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2274538-5
ISSN	1750-2659 ; 1750-2640
ISSN (online)	1750-2659
ISSN	1750-2640
DOI	10.1111/irv.12062
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Article ; Online: Influenza C and D Viruses Demonstrated a Differential Respiratory Tissue Tropism in a Comparative Pathogenesis Study in Guinea Pigs.

Sreenivasan, Chithra C / Liu, Runxia / Gao, Rongyuan / Guo, Yicheng / Hause, Ben M / Thomas, Milton / Naveed, Ahsan / Clement, Travis / Rausch, Dana / Christopher-Hennings, Jane / Nelson, Eric / Druce, Julian / Zhao, Miaoyun / Kaushik, Radhey S / Li, Qingsheng / Sheng, Zizhang / Wang, Dan / Li, Feng

Journal of virology

2023 Volume 97, Issue 6, Page(s) e0035623

Abstract: Influenza C virus (ICV) is increasingly associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP ... in children and its disease severity is worse than the influenza B virus, but similar to influenza A virus ... tissue tropism, and pathogenesis of human ICV (huICV) in comparison to the swine influenza D virus (swIDV ...

Abstract	Influenza C virus (ICV) is increasingly associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children and its disease severity is worse than the influenza B virus, but similar to influenza A virus associated CAP. Despite the ubiquitous infection landscape of ICV in humans, little is known about its replication and pathobiology in animals. The goal of this study was to understand the replication kinetics, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis of human ICV (huICV) in comparison to the swine influenza D virus (swIDV) in guinea pigs. Intranasal inoculation of both viruses did not cause clinical signs, however, the infected animals shed virus in nasal washes. The huICV replicated in the nasal turbinates, soft palate, and trachea but not in the lungs while swIDV replicated in all four tissues. A comparative analysis of tropism and pathogenesis of these two related seven-segmented influenza viruses revealed that swIDV-infected animals exhibited broad tissue tropism with an increased rate of shedding on 3, 5, and 7 dpi and high viral loads in the lungs compared to huICV. Seroconversion occurred late in the huICV group at 14 dpi, while swIDV-infected animals seroconverted at 7 dpi. Guinea pigs infected with huICV exhibited mild to moderate inflammatory changes in the epithelium of the soft palate and trachea, along with mucosal damage and multifocal alveolitis in the lungs. In summary, the replication kinetics and pathobiological characteristics of ICV in guinea pigs agree with the clinical manifestation of ICV infection in humans, and hence guinea pigs could be used to study these distantly related influenza viruses.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Administration, Intranasal ; Gammainfluenzavirus ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/pathology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology ; Thogotovirus ; Disease Models, Animal ; Receptors, Virus
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Virus
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/jvi.00356-23
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Article ; Online: Niños hospitalizados con neumonía por influenza AH1N11/2009 pandémico en un hospital de referencia de Perú

Miranda-Choque, Edwin / Ramírez, Carlos / Candela-Herrera, Jorge / Díaz, Javier / Fernández, Ana / Kolevic, Lenka / Segura, Eddy R / Farfán-Ramos, Sonia

Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica

2011 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 610–616

Abstract: ... with influenza virus AH1N1/2009 pandemic (NVIp), of those 50 were community acquire pneumonia viral (NACv) and 24 ... in children hospitalized for influenza pneumonia pandemic AH1N1/2009 in a pediatric hospital. Reviewed the medical records ... the clinical characteristics and conditions of severity.: Results: A total of 74 children of pneumonia ...

Title translation	Children hospitalized with influenza pneumonia AH1N1/2009 pandemic in the INSN.
Abstract	Objective: To determine the clinical and demographic characteristics of pneumonia with influenza virus AH1N1/2009 pandemic at the National Institute of Child. Methods: Retrospective case series in children hospitalized for influenza pneumonia pandemic AH1N1/2009 in a pediatric hospital. Reviewed the medical records between the months of June to September 2009. All cases had virological confirmation, we describe the clinical characteristics and conditions of severity. Results: A total of 74 children of pneumonia with influenza virus AH1N1/2009 pandemic (NVIp), of those 50 were community acquire pneumonia viral (NACv) and 24 pneumonia nosocomial viral (NNv), 16 required mechanical ventilation. 12 died, all had preexisting factors. NN cases showed statistical association with mortality. The most frequent factors were malnutrition, respiratory infections, congenital heart disease and neurological deficits In NACv cases the children under 6 years accounted for 72% (36/50). The median disease duration was 5 days. The most frequent symptoms were fever, cough, runny nose. Received oseltamivir 82%. The chest radiograph 48% of cases showed patchy infiltrates and 44% interstitial infiltrate on chest radiograph. Protein c reactive (CRP) more than 10mg / L was significantly associated with respiratory failure (p <0.05). Conclusions: Cases of NN found who had more mortality, even those who had the highest PCR and those with preexisting condition.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human/diagnosis ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Male ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2011-12
Publishing country	Peru
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2120092-0
ISSN	1726-4642 ; 1726-4634
ISSN (online)	1726-4642
ISSN	1726-4634
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Article: The dangerous synergism between influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae and innovative perspectives of vaccine prevention.

Alicino, C / Iudici, R / Alberti, M / Durando, P

Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene

2011 Volume 52, Issue 3, Page(s) 102–106

Abstract: ... community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and, in particular, influenza-associated pneumonia hospitalisations ... between influenza virus and Sp was first suggested by studies performed on samples collected during ... of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in both vaccinated children and adults through induction of herd ...

Abstract	Secondary bacterial pneumonia, particularly sustained by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp), represents an important cause of excess mortality during both influenza epidemics and pandemics. The lethal synergism between influenza virus and Sp was first suggested by studies performed on samples collected during autopsy from victims of 1918 influenza pandemic, and recently confirmed by data collected during the 2009 A/H1N1v influenza pandemic. Moreover, researches carried out in animal model contributed to partially clarify the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the synergism between these two etiological agents. Since 2000, a seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in the US, and in the following year in Europe, determining substantial and almost immediate benefits in terms of reduction of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in both vaccinated children and adults through induction of herd protection. Furthermore, several researches have recently demonstrated the capacity of the PCV7 to prevent community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and, in particular, influenza-associated pneumonia hospitalisations among children. Taking into account the above-mentioned positive results obtained with PCV7, the availability of a new generation of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine with an enlarged antigenic spectrum (i.e. PCV13) offers promising perspectives, to improve the control of influenza through the protection offered against its major complications, particularly CAP, not only in children, but also among adults.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/complications ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Models, Animal ; Orthomyxoviridae/pathogenicity ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/complications ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/complications ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/pathogenicity ; Vaccines, Conjugate
Chemical Substances	Influenza Vaccines ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Vaccines, Conjugate
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1102926-2
ISSN	1121-2233
ISSN	1121-2233
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Article: Severe community-acquired pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus, 2003-04 influenza season.

Hageman, Jeffrey C / Uyeki, Timothy M / Francis, John S / Jernigan, Daniel B / Wheeler, J Gary / Bridges, Carolyn B / Barenkamp, Stephen J / Sievert, Dawn M / Srinivasan, Arjun / Doherty, Meg C / McDougal, Linda K / Killgore, George E / Lopatin, Uri A / Coffman, Rebecca / MacDonald, J Kathryn / McAllister, Sigrid K / Fosheim, Gregory E / Patel, Jean B / McDonald, L Clifford

Emerging infectious diseases

2006 Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) 894–899

Abstract: During the 2003-04 influenza season, 17 cases of Staphylococcus aureus community-acquired pneumonia ... for Panton-Valentine leukocidin. All isolates had community-associated pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ... for MRSA. Twelve (71%) had laboratory evidence of influenza virus infection. All but 1 patient, who died ...

Abstract	During the 2003-04 influenza season, 17 cases of Staphylococcus aureus community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were reported from 9 states; 15 (88%) were associated with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The median age of patients was 21 years; 5 (29%) had underlying diseases, and 4 (24%) had risk factors for MRSA. Twelve (71%) had laboratory evidence of influenza virus infection. All but 1 patient, who died on arrival, were hospitalized. Death occurred in 5 (4 with MRSA). S. aureus isolates were available from 13 (76%) patients (11 MRSA). Toxin genes were detected in all isolates; 11 (85%) had only genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin. All isolates had community-associated pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns; all MRSA isolates had the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IVa. In communities with a high prevalence of MRSA, empiric therapy of severe CAP during periods of high influenza activity should include consideration for MRSA.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/virology ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza, Human/immunology ; Influenza, Human/microbiology ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Male ; Methicillin Resistance ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/virology ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/virology ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-05-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6040
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid1206.051141
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Article ; Online: Wheezing independently predicts viral infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia.

Nascimento-Carvalho, Amanda C / Ruuskanen, Olli / Nascimento-Carvalho, Cristiana M

Pediatric pulmonology

2019 Volume 54, Issue 7, Page(s) 1022–1028

Abstract: ... among children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with viral or bacterial infection.: Methods ... in acute buffy coat, and serological tests. Viral infection was diagnosed by detection of respiratory virus ... Among children with asthma, detected wheezing was the only different finding when children with viral infection ...

Abstract	Aim: To assess whether there was a difference in the frequency of symptoms and signs among children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with viral or bacterial infection. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Salvador, Brazil. Children less than 5-years-old hospitalized with CAP were recruited. Viral or only bacterial infection was diagnosed by an investigation of 11 viruses and 8 bacteria. Bacterial infection was diagnosed by blood culture, detection of pneumococcal DNA in acute buffy coat, and serological tests. Viral infection was diagnosed by detection of respiratory virus in nasopharyngeal aspirate and serological tests. Viral infection comprised only viral or mixed viral-bacterial infection subgroups. Results: One hundred and eighty-eight patients had a probable etiology established as only viral (51.6%), mixed viral-bacterial (30.9%), and only bacterial infection (17.5%). Asthma was registered for 21.4%. Report of wheezing (47.4% vs 21.2%; P = 0.006), rhonchi (38.0% vs 15.2%; P = 0.01), and wheezing detected on physical examination (51.0% vs 9.1%; P < 0.001) were the differences found. Among children with asthma, detected wheezing was the only different finding when children with viral infection were compared with those with only bacterial infection (75.0% vs 0%; P = 0.008). By multivariable analysis, viral infection (AdjOR [95% CI]: 9.6; 95%CI: 2.7-34.0), asthma (AdjOR [95% CI]: 4.6; 95%CI: 1.9-11.0), and age (AdjOR [95% CI]: 0.95; 95%CI: 0.92-0.97) were independently associated with wheezing on physical examination. The positive predictive value of detected wheezing for viral infection was 96.3% (95% CI: 90.4-99.1%). Conclusion: Wheezing detected on physical examination is an independent predictor of viral infection.
MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/physiopathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/physiopathology ; Pneumonia, Viral/microbiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology ; Prospective Studies ; Respiratory Sounds
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632784-9
ISSN	1099-0496 ; 8755-6863
ISSN (online)	1099-0496
ISSN	8755-6863
DOI	10.1002/ppul.24339
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Article ; Online: Comparison of the frequency of bacterial and viral infections among children with community-acquired pneumonia hospitalized across distinct severity categories: a prospective cross-sectional study.

Nascimento-Carvalho, Amanda C / Ruuskanen, Olli / Nascimento-Carvalho, Cristiana M

BMC pediatrics

2016 Volume 16, Page(s) 105

Abstract: ... with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) admitted in distinct severity categories, in an original study, is ... Background: The comparison of the frequencies of bacterial and viral infections among children ... lacking in literature to-date. We aimed to achieve this goal.: Methods: Children aged 2-59-months-old ...

Abstract	Background: The comparison of the frequencies of bacterial and viral infections among children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) admitted in distinct severity categories, in an original study, is lacking in literature to-date. We aimed to achieve this goal. Methods: Children aged 2-59-months-old hospitalized with CAP were included in this prospective study in Salvador, Brazil. Clinical data and biological samples were collected to investigate 11 viruses and 8 bacteria. Severity was assessed by using the World Health Organization criteria. Results: One hundred eighty-one patients were classified as "non-severe" (n = 53; 29.3 %), "severe" (n = 111; 61.3 %), or "very severe" (n = 17; 9.4 %) CAP. Overall, aetiology was detected among 156 (86.2 %) cases; viral (n = 84; 46.4 %), bacterial (n = 26; 14.4 %) and viral-bacterial (n = 46; 25.4 %) infections were identified. Viral infection frequency was similar in severe/very severe and non-severe cases (46.1 % vs. 47.2 %; p = 0.9). Pneumococcal infection increased across "non-severe" (13.2 %), "severe" (23.4 %), and "very severe" (35.3 %) cases (qui-squared test for trend p = 0.04). Among patients with detected aetiology, after excluding cases with co-infection, the frequency of sole bacterial infection was different (p = 0.04) among the categories; non-severe (12.5 %), severe (29.3 %) or very severe (55.6 %). Among these patients, sole bacterial infection was independently associated with severity (OR = 4.4 [95 % CI:1.1-17.6]; p = 0.04) in a model controlled for age (OR = 0.7 [95 % CI:0.5-1.1]; p = 0.1). Conclusions: A substantial proportion of cases in distinct severity subgroups had respiratory viral infections, which did not differ between severity categories. Bacterial infection, particularly pneumococcal infection, was more likely among severe/very severe cases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041342-7
ISSN	1471-2431 ; 1471-2431
ISSN (online)	1471-2431
ISSN	1471-2431
DOI	10.1186/s12887-016-0645-3
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Article ; Online: Influenza C virus–associated community-acquired pneumonia in children.

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Article ; Online: Influenza C and D Viruses Demonstrated a Differential Respiratory Tissue Tropism in a Comparative Pathogenesis Study in Guinea Pigs.

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Article ; Online: Niños hospitalizados con neumonía por influenza AH1N11/2009 pandémico en un hospital de referencia de Perú

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Article: The dangerous synergism between influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae and innovative perspectives of vaccine prevention.

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Article: Severe community-acquired pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus, 2003-04 influenza season.

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Article ; Online: Wheezing independently predicts viral infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia.

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Article ; Online: Comparison of the frequency of bacterial and viral infections among children with community-acquired pneumonia hospitalized across distinct severity categories: a prospective cross-sectional study.

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