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  1. Article ; Online: Rapid onset of functional tic-like behaviours in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Pringsheim, Tamara / Martino, Davide

    European journal of neurology

    2021  Volume 28, Issue 11, Page(s) 3805–3808

    Abstract: ... in children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe adults developing rapid onset of functional ... persistent motor tic disorder. Participants with rapid onset tic-like behaviours were younger (19.9 vs. 38.6 ... Rapid onset tic-like behaviours are a distinct subtype of functional neurological disorder that has ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: Clinicians have reported an increase in functional tic-like behaviours in children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe adults developing rapid onset of functional tic-like behaviours between May 2020 and June 2021.
    Methods: Data were analysed from the Adult Tic Disorders Registry, a single-site,12-month prospective cohort study that began enrolment in January 2021. We compared clinical features of participants with Tourette syndrome or persistent motor/vocal tic disorder to participants with rapid onset tic-like behaviours.
    Results: Thirty-three participants registered between January and June of 2021; nine had rapid onset tic-like behaviours, and 24 had Tourette syndrome or persistent motor tic disorder. Participants with rapid onset tic-like behaviours were younger (19.9 vs. 38.6 years, p = 0.003), had older age at onset (15.3 vs. 10.1, p = 0.0009), and were more likely female (p < 0.0001). They had higher motor and vocal tic severity and impairment scores (all p < 0.01) and were more likely to have complex arm/hand motor tics (p < 0.0001), complex vocal tics (p < 0.0001), and coprolalia (p = 0.004). They had significantly higher scores on all mental health symptom self-report measures (all p < 0.05) and were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with depression (p = 0.03).
    Conclusions: The clinical features that help differentiate rapid onset tic-like behaviours from Tourette syndrome or persistent motor tic disorder include their phenomenology, onset age, and clinical course. Rapid onset tic-like behaviours are a distinct subtype of functional neurological disorder that has emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic in young people and appears to be strongly socially influenced.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Aged ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tic Disorders/epidemiology ; Tics/epidemiology ; Tourette Syndrome/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1280785-0
    ISSN 1468-1331 ; 1351-5101 ; 1471-0552
    ISSN (online) 1468-1331
    ISSN 1351-5101 ; 1471-0552
    DOI 10.1111/ene.15034
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Rapid Onset Functional Tic-Like Disorder Outbreak: A Challenging Differential Diagnosis in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Amorelli, Gabriel / Martino, Davide / Pringsheim, Tamara

    Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent

    2022  Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 144–151

    Abstract: ... of adolescents and young adults presenting with rapid onset functional tic-like behaviours after being exposed ... in young individuals. Rapid onset functional tic-like behaviours may be considered a spreading ... aspects can differentiate rapid onset functional tic-like behaviours from Tourette Syndrome, including ...

    Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries have observed an unexpected increase in the number of adolescents and young adults presenting with rapid onset functional tic-like behaviours after being exposed to social media content of others displaying a similar pattern of functional tics. Many of these patients have been referred to Movement Disorders Clinics with misdiagnoses of late-onset refractory Tourette Syndrome after failing different pharmacological treatments for tics. Tourette Syndrome is a well-known condition with clear clinical diagnostic criteria and which presents with the insidious onset of simple motor and phonic tics in a rostro-caudal evolution starting in early childhood. Clinical and demographic aspects can differentiate rapid onset functional tic-like behaviours from Tourette Syndrome, including the former having abrupt and explosive presentation of severe symptoms, later age of onset, female gender predominance, lack of suppressibility, comorbid anxiety and depression, atypical premonitory urge and history of exposure to social media content displaying tic-like behaviours. This new presentation of a functional neurological disorder may be explained in part by the relationship between social media exposure to tic-like behaviours, and maladaptive response to anxiety caused by life stressors (e.g. COVID-19 pandemic), especially in young individuals. Rapid onset functional tic-like behaviours may be considered a spreading neuropsychiatric disorder that is potentially fostered by the psychosocial impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2381637-5
    ISSN 2293-6122 ; 1719-8429
    ISSN (online) 2293-6122
    ISSN 1719-8429
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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