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Article ; Online: Parosmia in patients with COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction.

Raad, Nasim / Ghorbani, Jahangir / Safavi Naeini, Ali / Tajik, Neda / Karimi-Galougahi, Mahboobeh

International forum of allergy & rhinology

2021 Volume 11, Issue 10, Page(s) 1497–1500

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2625826-2
ISSN	2042-6984 ; 2042-6976
ISSN (online)	2042-6984
ISSN	2042-6976
DOI	10.1002/alr.22818
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Article ; Online: Parosmia assessment with structured questions and its functional impact in patients with long-term COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction.

Boscolo-Rizzo, Paolo / Hopkins, Claire / Menini, Anna / Dibattista, Michele / Cancellieri, Emilia / Gardenal, Nicoletta / Tofanelli, Margherita / Valentinotti, Romina / Lechien, Jerome R / Vaira, Luigi Angelo / Tirelli, Giancarlo

International forum of allergy & rhinology

2022 Volume 12, Issue 12, Page(s) 1570–1574

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology ; Smell
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2625826-2
ISSN	2042-6984 ; 2042-6976
ISSN (online)	2042-6984
ISSN	2042-6976
DOI	10.1002/alr.23054
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Article ; Online: Parosmia Is Positively Associated With Problematic Drinking, as Is Phantosmia With Depressive Symptoms.

Agarwal, Khushbu / Luk, Jeremy W / Stangl, Bethany L / Schwandt, Melanie L / Momenan, Reza / Goldman, David / Diazgranados, Nancy / Kareken, David A / Leggio, Lorenzo / Ramchandani, Vijay A / Joseph, Paule V

Journal of addiction medicine

2024

Abstract: ... of participants without COVID-19.: Conclusions: Our study highlights strong existing links among olfactory ... drinking remains to be explored. Here, we examined the prevalence of olfactory distortion (parosmia) and ... in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol study. Surveys ...

Abstract	Objectives: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a global health problem with significant negative consequences, including preventable deaths. Although olfactory dysfunction is associated with chronic alcohol drinking, the relationship among specific types of olfactory deficits, depressive symptoms, and problematic drinking remains to be explored. Here, we examined the prevalence of olfactory distortion (parosmia) and hallucination (phantosmia) and assessed their associations with problematic drinking and depressive symptoms. Methods: In April-June 2022, 250 participants across the spectrum of AUD were recruited for assessment in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol study. Surveys covered self-reported olfactory function, depressive symptoms, and problematic drinking, with key measures assessed, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Predictors in the analysis included parosmia and phantosmia, with covariates comprising age, sex, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, COVID-19 infection status, and smoking status. Results: Among 250 individuals, 5.2% experienced parosmia and 4.4% reported phantosmia. Parosmia was associated with higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores (β = 7.14; 95% confidence interval = 3.31, 10.96; P < 0.001), whereas phantosmia was linked to higher Patient Health Questionnaire scores (β = 3.32; 95% confidence interval = 0.22, 6.42; P = 0.03). These associations persisted in both the full sample and the subset of participants without COVID-19. Conclusions: Our study highlights strong existing links among olfactory deficits, problem drinking, and depressive symptoms, underscoring the need to assess smell impairments in clinical settings. Future research should explore these connections further to develop new treatments for individuals with AUD and depression.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1935-3227
ISSN (online)	1935-3227
DOI	10.1097/ADM.0000000000001332
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Article ; Online: Stellate ganglion block for treating post-COVID-19 parosmia.

Naimi, Bita R / Garvey, Emily / Chandna, Megha / Duffy, Alexander / Hunter, Stephanie R / Mandloi, Shreya / Kahn, Chase / Farquhar, Douglas / D'Souza, Glen / Rabinowitz, Mindy / Rosen, Marc / Toskala, Elina / Roedl, Johannes B / Zoga, Adam / Nyquist, Gurston / Rosen, David

International forum of allergy & rhinology

2024

Abstract: ... parosmia and QOL for patients with post-COVID OD, however it may not affect odor identification. Further ... Forty-seven patients with post-COVID OD underwent SGB, including 23 UL and 24 BL. Twenty patients ... COVID olfactory dysfunction (OD).: Methods: Retrospective case series with prospective data ...

Abstract	Background: Post-COVID parosmia may be due to dysautonomia and sympathetic hyperresponsiveness, which can be attenuated by stellate ganglion block (SGB). This study evaluates SGB as a treatment for post-COVID olfactory dysfunction (OD). Methods: Retrospective case series with prospective data of patients with post-COVID OD undergoing unilateral (UL) or bilateral (BL) SGB. Patients completed Brief Smell Identification Tests (BSIT) (12 points maximum) and post-procedure surveys including parosmia severity scores on a scale of 1 (absent) to 10 (severe). Scores were compared from before treatment (pre-SGB) to after first (SGB1) or second (SGB2) treatments in overall, UL, and BL cohorts. Results: Forty-seven patients with post-COVID OD underwent SGB, including 23 UL and 24 BL. Twenty patients completed pre- and post-SGB BSITs (eight UL and 12 BL). Twenty-eight patients completed postprocedure surveys (11 UL and 17 BL). There were no differences in BSIT scores from pre-SGB to post-SGB1 or post-SGB2 for the overall (p = 0.098), UL (p = 0.168), or BL (p = 0.230) cohorts. Parosmia severity for the overall cohort improved from pre-SGB (8.82 ± 1.28) to post-SGB1 (6.79 ± 2.38) and post-SGB2 (5.41 ± 2.35), with significant differences from pre-SGB to post-SGB1 (p < 0.001) and pre-SGB to post-SGB2 (p < 0.001), but not post-SGB1 to post-SGB2 (p = 0.130). Number of parosmia triggers decreased for overall (p = 0.002), UL (p = 0.030) and BL (p = 0.024) cohorts. Quality of life (QOL) improved for all cohorts regarding food enjoyment, meal preparation, and socialization (p < 0.05). Conclusion: SGB may improve subjective parosmia and QOL for patients with post-COVID OD, however it may not affect odor identification. Further placebo-controlled studies are warranted.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2625826-2
ISSN	2042-6984 ; 2042-6976
ISSN (online)	2042-6984
ISSN	2042-6976
DOI	10.1002/alr.23314
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Article: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for treatment of COVID-19-related parosmia: a case report.

Krimus, Lior / Hasan Rizvi, Syed / Marinov, Anton / Clarke, Hance / Katznelson, Rita

Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc

2023 Volume 50, Issue 4, Page(s) 433–435

Abstract: ... Traditional treatments for parosmia include olfactory training and steroids. Some patients infected with COVID ... Parosmia is a qualitative olfactory dysfunction characterized by distortion of odor perception ... of a patient who developed parosmia after a COVID-19 infection that was not improved by traditional treatments ...

Abstract	Parosmia is a qualitative olfactory dysfunction characterized by distortion of odor perception. Traditional treatments for parosmia include olfactory training and steroids. Some patients infected with COVID-19 have developed chronic parosmia as a result of their infection. Here, we present the case of a patient who developed parosmia after a COVID-19 infection that was not improved by traditional treatments but found significant improvement after hyperbaric oxygen therapy[A1].
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation/adverse effects ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/therapy ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology ; Olfaction Disorders/therapy ; Olfactory Training ; Smell
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1154414-4
ISSN	1066-2936
ISSN	1066-2936
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Article ; Online: Clinical Features of Parosmia Associated With COVID-19 Infection.

Lerner, David K / Garvey, Katherine L / Arrighi-Allisan, Annie E / Filimonov, Andrey / Filip, Peter / Shah, Janki / Tweel, Benjamin / Del Signore, Anthony / Schaberg, Madeleine / Colley, Patrick / Govindaraj, Satish / Iloreta, Alfred Marc

The Laryngoscope

2021 Volume 132, Issue 3, Page(s) 633–639

Abstract: ... of life implications for parosmia among coronavirus disease (COVID)-related olfactory dysfunction patients ... Conclusion: COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction is frequently linked with development of parosmia ... from August 2020 to March 2021. Participants completed olfactory dysfunction and quality of life surveys ...

Abstract	Objective: To characterize the clinical features, risk factors, symptom time-course, and quality of life implications for parosmia among coronavirus disease (COVID)-related olfactory dysfunction patients. Methods: Individuals with olfactory dysfunction associated with laboratory-confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 infection were recruited from otolaryngology and primary care practices over a period from August 2020 to March 2021. Participants completed olfactory dysfunction and quality of life surveys. Results: A total of 148 (64.1%) of 231 respondents reported parosmia at some point. Parosmia developed within 1 week of any COVID-19 symptom onset in 25.4% of respondents, but more than 1 month after symptom onset in 43.4% of respondents. Parosmia was associated with significantly better quantitative olfactory scores on Brief Smell Identification Test (8.7 vs. 7.5, P = .006), but demonstrated worse quality of life scores, including modified brief Questionnaire of Olfactory Dysfunction-Negative Statements and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 scores (12.1 vs. 8.5, P < .001; 26.2 vs. 23.2, P = .113). Participants who developed parosmia at any point were significantly younger and less likely to have history of chronic sinusitis than those who did not develop parosmia (40.2 vs. 44.9 years, P = .007; 7.2% vs. 0.7%, P = .006). Conclusion: COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction is frequently linked with development of parosmia, which often presents either at onset of smell loss or in a delayed fashion. Despite better quantitative olfactory scores, respondents with parosmia report decreased quality of life. A majority of respondents with persistent parosmia have sought treatment. Level of evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 132:633-639, 2022.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Olfaction Disorders/virology ; Pandemics ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80180-x
ISSN	1531-4995 ; 0023-852X
ISSN (online)	1531-4995
ISSN	0023-852X
DOI	10.1002/lary.29982
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Article ; Online: A longitudinal study of olfactory dysfunction and parosmia in mild COVID-19 cases.

Monk, Aurelia S / Bacon, Daniel R / Onuorah, Princess / Murr, Alexander / Wiesen, Christopher A / Oakes, Jonathan / Thorp, Brian D / Ebert, Charles S / Wohl, David / Senior, Brent A / Kimple, Adam J

Rhinology online

2022 Volume 5, Page(s) 168–172

Abstract: Background: COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction (OD) can persist long after patients recover ... and in the medical literature. Symptoms of OD and parosmia were common in our patients with COVID-19 ... an additional survey about parosmia.: Results: We obtained questionnaires and psychophysical olfactory ...

Abstract	Background: COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction (OD) can persist long after patients recover from acute infection, yet few studies have investigated the long-term progression of this complication. Moreover, existing studies are focused on hyposmia/anosmia but parosmia is becoming an increasingly recognized long-term symptom. Methods: We completed a longitudinal study about OD in individuals with mild cases of COVID-19. Participants completed a questionnaire and Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) one week, one month and one year after diagnosis. At one-year, participants completed an additional survey about parosmia. Results: We obtained questionnaires and psychophysical olfactory testing information from participants at one week (n=45), one month (n=38), and one year (n=33) post COVID-19 diagnosis. At one-year, 15.2% of participants had persistent OD and 66.7% of participants reported experiencing parosmia at some point following COVID-19 diagnosis. The mean onset of parosmia was 1.3 weeks (SD: 1.9 weeks) after diagnosis, although two patients reported delayed onset (>4 weeks after diagnosis). Eight patients (24.2%) reported ongoing parosmia one year after diagnosis. Of the patients whose parosmia resolved, the mean duration of symptoms was 7.2 weeks (SD: 7.3 weeks). Conclusion: Decreased sense of smell associated with COVID-19 infection has received significant recognition in both the media and in the medical literature. Symptoms of OD and parosmia were common in our patients with COVID-19. Hyposmia, anosmia, and parosmia, all decrease quality of life, necessitating continued research to understand the pathogenesis, course of symptoms, and possible treatment for these complications.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-5613
ISSN (online)	2589-5613
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Article ; Online: Recovery rates and parosmia in olfactory loss during the COVID-19 era.

Schwab, Janne / Fjaeldstad, Alexander Wieck

Danish medical journal

2022 Volume 69, Issue 9

Abstract: Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common symptom of COVID-19. In some patients, OD ... of these patients is insufficient.: Methods: Data on chemosensory function and possible prognostic factors were ... Parosmia, high severity of OD and female sex were associated with lower rates of recovery. Subjects ...

Abstract	Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common symptom of COVID-19. In some patients, OD persists for many months, fluctuates during recovery or parosmia may occur. Knowledge about the prognosis of these patients is insufficient. Methods: Data on chemosensory function and possible prognostic factors were collected through a baseline questionnaire and six follow-up questionnaires answered at 2-3-month intervals. Results: One year after onset of OD, 42.0% of the respondents reported sustained complete recovery, 41.7% reported partial recovery and 2.4% reported no improvement of olfaction. Follow-up was unavailable for 13.9%. Parosmia, high severity of OD and female sex were associated with lower rates of recovery. Subjects who reported that OD had a high impact on their quality of life were less likely to recover within one month. Smoking, alcohol habits, BMI and physical activity were not associated with persistence of OD. Conclusions: High recovery rates were reported within the first months. Recovery of sensory function after more than six months with no prior improvement was reported. After one year, 97.1% of participants with at least one year of follow-up had reported at least some recovery. Recurring OD after initial complete recovery was reported by 24.5% of participants. Parosmia and severity of OD were associated with prolonged recovery rates. Funding: AF received research funding from Velux Fonden. The sponsors had no say nor any responsibilities in relation to the study. Trial registration: not relevant.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Smell
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-09
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2648771-8
ISSN	2245-1919 ; 2245-1919
ISSN (online)	2245-1919
ISSN	2245-1919
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Article ; Online: Persistent COVID-19 parosmia and olfactory loss post olfactory training: randomized clinical trial comparing central and peripheral-acting therapeutics.

Cantone, Elena / D'Ascanio, Luca / De Luca, Pietro / Roccamatisi, Dalila / La La Mantia, Ignazio / Brenner, Michael J / Di Stadio, Arianna

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

2024

Abstract: ... therapies for parosmia in patients with chronic COVID-19 olfactory impairment.: Methods: After screening ... Purpose: Although COVID-19 anosmia is often transient, patients with persistent olfactory ... nasal endoscopy, 85 patients (49 female, 58%) with pOD and treatment-refractory parosmia were randomized ...

Abstract	Purpose: Although COVID-19 anosmia is often transient, patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction (pOD) can experience refractory parosmia and diminished smell. This study evaluated four putative therapies for parosmia in patients with chronic COVID-19 olfactory impairment. Methods: After screening nasal endoscopy, 85 patients (49 female, 58%) with pOD and treatment-refractory parosmia were randomized to: (1) ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin + olfactory training (OT) (umPEALUT group, n = 17), (2) alpha-lipoic acid + OT (ALA group, n = 21), (3) umPEALUT + ALA + OT (combination group, n = 28), or 4) olfactory training (OT) alone (control group, n = 23). Olfactory function was assessed at baseline (T Results: The umPEALUT group had the largest improvement in TDI scores (21.8 ± 9.4 to 29.7 ± 7.5) followed by the combination group (19.6 ± 6.29 to 27.5 ± 2.7), both p < 0.01. The control and ALA groups had no significant change. Patients in the combination and umPEALUT groups had significantly improved TDI scores compared to ALA and control groups (p < 0.001). Rates of parosmia resolution after 6 months were reported at 96% for combination, 65% for control, 53% for umPEALUT and 29% for ALA (p < 0.001). All treatment regimens were well-tolerated. Conclusions: umPEALUT and OT, with or without ALA, was associated with improvement in TDI scores and parosmia, whereas OT alone or OT with ALA were associated with little benefit.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-16
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1017359-6
ISSN	1434-4726 ; 0937-4477
ISSN (online)	1434-4726
ISSN	0937-4477
DOI	10.1007/s00405-024-08548-6
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Article: Human Nasal Epithelium Damage as the Probable Mechanism Involved in the Development of Post-COVID-19 Parosmia.

Andrea, Xolalpa-Peniche / Joceline, Lucas-Mata / Jose, Osante-Forastieri / Jose, Pérez-Ochoa

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India

2023 Volume 75, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 458–464

Abstract: ... COVID-19 parosmia.: Results: The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 generates olfactory dysfunction have ... physiopathological mechanism of post-COVID-19 parosmia will set a path for further investigations and determine ... treatment and preventive options for patients who have been reported to be extensively affected in multiple ...

Abstract	Purpose: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the physiopathological mechanisms of its manifestations has been crucial to understand the disease and its implications. As the disease evolved, post-infection complications have arisen such as olfactory dysfunctions including parosmia in which odourants are perceived in a distorted or an unpleasant way. Methods: In this article, we attempt to clarify these mechanisms and the role of human nasal epithelium in the development of post-COVID-19 parosmia. Results: The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 generates olfactory dysfunction have not been elucidated, and multiple theories have been proposed pointing to the sustentacular cells of the olfactory epithelium as the main probable target of the virus. Conclusion: Establishing the main physiopathological mechanism of post-COVID-19 parosmia will set a path for further investigations and determine treatment and preventive options for patients who have been reported to be extensively affected in multiple aspects of their lives such as eating habits and mental health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-14
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1471137-0
ISSN	0973-7707 ; 2231-3796 ; 0019-5421
ISSN (online)	0973-7707
ISSN	2231-3796 ; 0019-5421
DOI	10.1007/s12070-023-03559-x
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