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  1. Article ; Online: Innate Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From Cells to Soluble Mediators.

    Ricci, Daniela / Etna, Marilena Paola / Rizzo, Fabiana / Sandini, Silvia / Severa, Martina / Coccia, Eliana Marina

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 13

    Abstract: ... of disease severity in COVID-19 patients. In this review, the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection ... for studying, with the latest immunological techniques and understandings, the immune response in SARS-CoV-2 ... fine-tunes the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the related immunopathogenesis. Indeed, the emerging ...

    Abstract The vulnerability of humankind to SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of a pre-existing immunity, the unpredictability of the infection outcome, and the high transmissibility, broad tissue tropism, and ability to exploit and subvert the immune response pose a major challenge and are likely perpetuating the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, this peculiar infectious scenario provides researchers with a unique opportunity for studying, with the latest immunological techniques and understandings, the immune response in SARS-CoV-2 naïve versus recovered subjects as well as in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinees. Interestingly, the current understanding of COVID-19 indicates that the combined action of innate immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines fine-tunes the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the related immunopathogenesis. Indeed, the emerging picture clearly shows that the excessive inflammatory response against this virus is among the main causes of disease severity in COVID-19 patients. In this review, the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is described not only in light of its capacity to influence the adaptive immune response towards a protective phenotype but also with the intent to point out the multiple strategies exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to antagonize host antiviral response and, finally, to outline inborn errors predisposing individuals to COVID-19 disease severity.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19/virology ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Killer Cells, Natural/cytology ; Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism ; Monocytes/cytology ; Monocytes/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Severity of Illness Index
    Chemical Substances Chemokines ; Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms22137017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Innate Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

    Daniela Ricci / Marilena Paola Etna / Fabiana Rizzo / Silvia Sandini / Martina Severa / Eliana Marina Coccia

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 7017, p

    From Cells to Soluble Mediators

    2021  Volume 7017

    Abstract: ... of disease severity in COVID-19 patients. In this review, the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection ... for studying, with the latest immunological techniques and understandings, the immune response in SARS-CoV-2 ... fine-tunes the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the related immunopathogenesis. Indeed, the emerging ...

    Abstract The vulnerability of humankind to SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of a pre-existing immunity, the unpredictability of the infection outcome, and the high transmissibility, broad tissue tropism, and ability to exploit and subvert the immune response pose a major challenge and are likely perpetuating the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, this peculiar infectious scenario provides researchers with a unique opportunity for studying, with the latest immunological techniques and understandings, the immune response in SARS-CoV-2 naïve versus recovered subjects as well as in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinees. Interestingly, the current understanding of COVID-19 indicates that the combined action of innate immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines fine-tunes the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the related immunopathogenesis. Indeed, the emerging picture clearly shows that the excessive inflammatory response against this virus is among the main causes of disease severity in COVID-19 patients. In this review, the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is described not only in light of its capacity to influence the adaptive immune response towards a protective phenotype but also with the intent to point out the multiple strategies exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to antagonize host antiviral response and, finally, to outline inborn errors predisposing individuals to COVID-19 disease severity.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 ; innate immunity ; soluble and cellular mediators ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Obesity Correlates With Pronounced Aberrant Innate Immune Responses in Hospitalized Aged COVID-19 Patients.

    Zulu, Michael Z / Sureshchandra, Suhas / Pinski, Amanda N / Doratt, Brianna / Shen, Weining / Messaoudi, Ilhem

    Frontiers in immunology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 760288

    Abstract: ... These data suggest that the BMI-dependent impact on host response to SARS-CoV-2 is more pronounced on innate ... of soluble immune mediators, IgG antibody titers, frequency of circulating immune cells, and cytokine ... to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly defined. In this study, we assessed changes in the concentration ...

    Abstract Both age and obesity are leading risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Specifically, although most infections occur in individuals under the age of 55 years, 95% of hospitalizations, admissions to the intensive care unit, and deaths occur in those over the age of 55 years. Moreover, hospitalized COVID-19 patients have a higher prevalence of obesity. It is generally believed that chronic low-grade inflammation and dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses that are associated with aging and obesity are responsible for this elevated risk of severe disease. However, the impact of advanced age and obesity on the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly defined. In this study, we assessed changes in the concentration of soluble immune mediators, IgG antibody titers, frequency of circulating immune cells, and cytokine responses to mitogen stimulation as a function of BMI and age. We detected significant negative correlations between BMI and myeloid immune cell subsets that were more pronounced in aged patients. Similarly, inflammatory cytokine production by monocytes was also negatively correlated with BMI in aged patients. These data suggest that the BMI-dependent impact on host response to SARS-CoV-2 is more pronounced on innate responses of aged patients.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptive Immunity ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Body Mass Index ; COVID-19/pathology ; Cytokines/immunology ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monocytes/immunology ; Obesity/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760288
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

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