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  1. TI=Air quality and health impact of 2019 20 Black Summer megafires and COVID 19 lockdown in Melbourne and Sydney Australia
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  1. Article ; Online: Air quality and health impact of 2019-20 Black Summer megafires and COVID-19 lockdown in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia.

    Ryan, Robert G / Silver, Jeremy D / Schofield, Robyn

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

    2021  Volume 274, Page(s) 116498

    Abstract: ... in Australia's most populous cities, Melbourne and Sydney, as a result of fires during the so-called Black Summer ... Poor air quality is an emerging problem in Australia primarily due to ozone pollution events and ... the air quality impact of these contrasting periods in the south-eastern states of Victoria and New South Wales ...

    Abstract Poor air quality is an emerging problem in Australia primarily due to ozone pollution events and lengthening and more severe wildfire seasons. A significant deterioration in air quality was experienced in Australia's most populous cities, Melbourne and Sydney, as a result of fires during the so-called Black Summer which ran from November 2019 through to February 2020. Following this period, social, mobility and economic restrictions to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic were implemented in Australia. We quantify the air quality impact of these contrasting periods in the south-eastern states of Victoria and New South Wales (NSW) using a meteorological normalisation approach. A Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm was used to compute baseline time series' of nitrogen dioxide (NO
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; COVID-19 ; Cities ; Communicable Disease Control ; Environmental Monitoring ; Fires ; Humans ; New South Wales ; Pandemics ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seasons ; Victoria
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116498
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  2. Article: Air quality and health impact of 2019–20 Black Summer megafires and COVID-19 lockdown in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia

    Ryan, Robert G / Silver, Jeremy D / Schofield, Robyn

    Environmental pollution. 2021 Apr. 01, v. 274

    2021  

    Abstract: ... in Australia’s most populous cities, Melbourne and Sydney, as a result of fires during the so-called Black ... Poor air quality is an emerging problem in Australia primarily due to ozone pollution events and ... exposure in Victoria and NSW. During April 2019, when COVID-19 restrictions were in place, on average NO₂ ...

    Abstract Poor air quality is an emerging problem in Australia primarily due to ozone pollution events and lengthening and more severe wildfire seasons. A significant deterioration in air quality was experienced in Australia’s most populous cities, Melbourne and Sydney, as a result of fires during the so-called Black Summer which ran from November 2019 through to February 2020. Following this period, social, mobility and economic restrictions to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic were implemented in Australia. We quantify the air quality impact of these contrasting periods in the south-eastern states of Victoria and New South Wales (NSW) using a meteorological normalisation approach. A Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm was used to compute baseline time series’ of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), carbon monoxide CO and particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm (PM₂.₅), based on a 19 year, detrended training dataset. Across Victorian sites, large increases in CO (188%), PM₂.₅ (322%) and ozone (22%) were observed over the RF prediction in January 2020. In NSW, smaller pollutant increases above the RF prediction were seen (CO 58%, PM₂.₅ 80%, ozone 19%). This can be partly explained by the RF predictions being high compared to the mean of previous months, due to high temperatures and strong wind speeds, highlighting the importance of meteorological normalisation in attributing pollution changes to specific events. From the daily observation-RF prediction differences we estimated 249.8 (95% CI: 156.6–343.) excess deaths and 3490.0 (95% CI 1325.9–5653.5) additional hospitalisations were likely as a result of PM₂.₅ and O₃ exposure in Victoria and NSW. During April 2019, when COVID-19 restrictions were in place, on average NO₂ decreased by 21.5 and 8% in Victoria and NSW respectively. O₃ and PM₂.₅ remained effectively unchanged in Victoria on average but increased by 20 and 24% in NSW respectively, supporting the suggestion that community mobility reduced more in Victoria than NSW. Overall the air quality change during the COVID-19 lockdown had a negligible impact on the calculated health outcomes.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; air quality ; algorithms ; carbon monoxide ; data collection ; nitrogen dioxide ; ozone ; particulates ; pollutants ; pollution ; prediction ; time series analysis ; wildfires ; wind speed
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0401
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116498
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