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Article ; Online: Antiangiogenic therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Sampat, Keeran R / O'Neil, Bert

2013 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) 430–438

Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant cause of death worldwide. HCC is a highly vascular ... improved survival in patients with advanced HCC. Several other drugs targeting VEGF are in development ... Because of the anticipation of eventual resistance to anti-VEGF therapies, drugs that also target alternative proangiogenic ...

Abstract	Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant cause of death worldwide. HCC is a highly vascular tumor, and proangiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor may play crucial roles in this disease. Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that blocks VEGF and PDGF signaling, was the first systemic therapy to demonstrate improved survival in patients with advanced HCC. Several other drugs targeting VEGF are in development. Because of the anticipation of eventual resistance to anti-VEGF therapies, drugs that also target alternative proangiogenic pathways are being investigated. Recent clinical and preclinical data along with ongoing studies are reviewed.
MeSH term(s)	Angiogenesis Inhibitors/genetics ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology ; Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives ; Niacinamide/therapeutic use ; Phenylurea Compounds/therapeutic use ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/genetics ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/therapeutic use ; Sorafenib ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Phenylurea Compounds ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Niacinamide (25X51I8RD4) ; Fibroblast Growth Factors (62031-54-3) ; Sorafenib (9ZOQ3TZI87)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1409038-7
ISSN	1549-490X ; 1083-7159
ISSN (online)	1549-490X
ISSN	1083-7159
DOI	10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0388
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Article ; Online: Novel antiangiogenic therapies against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Pazo-Cid, R A / Lanzuela, M / Esquerdo, G / Pérez-Gracia, J L / Antón, A / Amigo, G / Trufero, J Martínez / García-Otín, A L / Martín-Duque, P

Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico

2012 Volume 14, Issue 8, Page(s) 564–574

Abstract: ... settings. Strategies to overcome primary and acquired resistance to antiangiogenic therapy are urgently ... hepatocellular carcinoma. Several currently active phase III trials are testing these drugs, both in first- and second-line ... have been shown in phase II trials to be safe and effective in the treatment of advanced ...

Abstract	Angiogenesis is a cornerstone in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. In the sorafenib era, other antiangiogenic targeted drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies and a new generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have been shown in phase II trials to be safe and effective in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Several currently active phase III trials are testing these drugs, both in first- and second-line settings. Strategies to overcome primary and acquired resistance to antiangiogenic therapy are urgently needed. Novel biomarkers may help in improving the efficacy of drugs targeting angiogenesis.
MeSH term(s)	Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood supply ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/blood supply ; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy ; Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives ; Niacinamide/therapeutic use ; Phenylurea Compounds/therapeutic use ; Sorafenib
Chemical Substances	Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Phenylurea Compounds ; Niacinamide (25X51I8RD4) ; Sorafenib (9ZOQ3TZI87)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-07-18
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2397359-6
ISSN	1699-3055 ; 1699-048X
ISSN (online)	1699-3055
ISSN	1699-048X
DOI	10.1007/s12094-012-0842-y
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Article ; Online: Conversion therapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor and an antiangiogenic drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A review.

Tang, Haowen / Cao, Yinbiao / Jian, Yiping / Li, Xuerui / Li, Junfeng / Zhang, Wenwen / Wan, Tao / Liu, Zhe / Tang, Wei / Lu, Shichun

Bioscience trends

2022 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 130–141

Abstract: ... of the efficacy of conversion therapies followed by subsequent surgery for advanced HCC. ... for advanced HCC. Despite controversies, mounting data have indicated that successful conversion therapy ... Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and is ...

Abstract	Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and is the second most common cause of tumor-related mortality globally. In China, a high proportion of patients with HCC present with an advanced stage of the disease, so HCC is a major challenge to the healthcare system and a substantial socioeconomic burden. The last decade has witnessed an expansion of the treatment landscape for HCC. Various approaches have been explored as potential conversion therapies for advanced HCC. Despite controversies, mounting data have indicated that successful conversion therapy followed by subsequent surgery is achievable in a population of patients with advanced HCC. This conversion therapy is a safe and promising treatment strategy to prolong long-term outcomes. Based on preliminary research, this review has assembled and summarized current clinical experience with and evidence of the efficacy of conversion therapies followed by subsequent surgery for advanced HCC.
MeSH term(s)	Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery ; China ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/surgery
Chemical Substances	Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-17
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2543899-2
ISSN	1881-7823 ; 1881-7823
ISSN (online)	1881-7823
ISSN	1881-7823
DOI	10.5582/bst.2022.01019
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Article: Combination Antiangiogenic and Immunotherapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Evidence to Date.

Raybould, Alison L / Sanoff, Hanna

Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma

2020 Volume 7, Page(s) 133–142

Abstract: ... for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent years have seen a proliferation of agents ... in advanced HCC, and compare these findings to other promising combination treatments, most notably ... treatment efficacy for advanced HCC, while maintaining tolerable safety profiles. Indeed, preliminary results ...

Abstract	For over a decade, sorafenib remained the only systemic agent with proven clinical efficacy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent years have seen a proliferation of agents. In the first line, lenvatinib was found to be non-inferior to sorafenib in terms of overall survival (OS), with significantly better progression-free survival and objective response rate. Meanwhile, encouraging efficacy signals were observed in phase I/II studies of immune checkpoint inhibitors as monotherapy in HCC. Although subsequent phase III trials failed to demonstrate statistically significant benefit in OS, other clinically meaningful outcomes were observed, including long-term disease control with a favorable toxicity profile. In addition, a synergistic response has been postulated based on the interplay between antiangiogenic molecular targeted agents and immunotherapy. On this basis, interest has turned toward combination strategies of immunotherapy with these standard-of-care medications in the hope of improving treatment efficacy for advanced HCC, while maintaining tolerable safety profiles. Indeed, preliminary results from phase I studies of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab have proved favorable, prompting phase III investigations in the frontline setting, and for atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, these positive findings have been substantiated by recent reporting of phase III data from IMbrave150. In this review, we will present the currently available data on combination therapy atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in advanced HCC, and compare these findings to other promising combination treatments, most notably that of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-15
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2780784-8
ISSN	2253-5969
ISSN	2253-5969
DOI	10.2147/JHC.S224938
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Article: PD-L1 expression on circulating tumor cells can be a predictive biomarker to PD-1 inhibitors combined with radiotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Su, Ke / Guo, Lu / He, Kun / Rao, Mingyue / Zhang, Jianwen / Yang, Xiaoli / Huang, Weihong / Gu, Tao / Xu, Ke / Liu, Yanlin / Wang, Jing / Chen, Jiali / Wu, Zhenying / Hu, Lanxin / Zeng, Hao / Li, Hongyan / Tong, Jian / Li, Xueting / Yang, Yue /

Liu, Hanlin / Xu, Yaoyang / Tan, Zunyuan / Tang, Xue / Feng, Xunjie / Chen, Siyu / Yang, Binbin / Jin, Hongping / Zhu, Lechuan / Li, Bo / Han, Yunwei

Frontiers in oncology

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 873830

Abstract: ... a potential therapeutic strategy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to determine ... Aim: A programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor coupled with radiotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy is ... inhibitor in combination with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and antiangiogenic therapy. Following ...

Abstract	Aim: A programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor coupled with radiotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy is a potential therapeutic strategy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to determine if circulating tumor cells (CTCs) positive for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) could be employed as a predictive biomarker in HCC patients receiving triple therapy. Methods: In this study, HCC patients received a PD-1 inhibitor in combination with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and antiangiogenic therapy. Following IMRT, the PD-1 inhibitor was administrated once every 3 weeks, while the antiangiogenic drug was given once a day. Treatment was continued until the disease progressed. Two mL of peripheral blood was collected at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment for CTC enrichment using the CytoSorter Result: A total of 47 HCC patients receiving the triple therapy were enrolled in this study. Patients with < 2 PD-L1 Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that PD-L1
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2649216-7
ISSN	2234-943X
ISSN	2234-943X
DOI	10.3389/fonc.2022.873830
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Article: Resistance to Antiangiogenic Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Impact.

Federico, Piera / Giunta, Emilio Francesco / Tufo, Andrea / Tovoli, Francesco / Petrillo, Angelica / Daniele, Bruno

Cancers

2022 Volume 14, Issue 24

Abstract: Antiangiogenic drugs were the only mainstay of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment ... to a better selection of patients as candidates for ICIs. Nevertheless, the combination of antiangiogenic ... about the resistance to antiangiogenic drugs in HCC. It could also provide updated information to clinicians focusing ...

Abstract	Antiangiogenic drugs were the only mainstay of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment from 2007 to 2017. However, primary or secondary resistance hampered their efficacy. Primary resistance could be due to different molecular and/or genetic characteristics of HCC and their knowledge would clarify the optimal treatment approach in each patient. Several molecular mechanisms responsible for secondary resistance have been discovered over the last few years; they represent potential targets for new specific drugs. In this light, the advent of checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been a new opportunity; however, their use has highlighted other issues: the vascular normalization compared to a vessel pruning to promote the delivery of an active cancer immunotherapy and the development of resistance to immunotherapy which leads to a better selection of patients as candidates for ICIs. Nevertheless, the combination of antiangiogenic therapy plus ICIs represents an intriguing approach with high potential to improve the survival of these patients. Waiting for results from ongoing clinical trials, this review depicts the current knowledge about the resistance to antiangiogenic drugs in HCC. It could also provide updated information to clinicians focusing on the most effective combinations or sequential approaches in this regard, based on molecular mechanisms.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers14246245
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Article ; Online: Combination of Doxorubicin and Antiangiogenic Agents in Drug-Eluting Beads: In Vitro Loading and Release Dynamics in View of a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Krokidis, Miltiadis / Fakitsa, Danae / Malagari, Katerina / Karampelas, Theodoros / Fokas, Demosthenes / Tamvakopoulos, Constantin / Chatziioannou, Achilles

Cardiovascular and interventional radiology

2024 Volume 47, Issue 5, Page(s) 661–669

Abstract: ... for advanced HCC. Embolization with cytostatic drugs on the other hand is the first-line treatment ... Purpose: Antiangiogenic agents have been used for many years as a first-line systemic treatment ... with antiangiogenic drugs with satisfactory in vitro loading and release outcomes and effect on cellular lines. ...

Abstract	Purpose: Antiangiogenic agents have been used for many years as a first-line systemic treatment for advanced HCC. Embolization with cytostatic drugs on the other hand is the first-line treatment for intermediate HCC. The two types of drugs have not been combined for intraarterial delivery yet. The loading and release dynamics and the in vitro effect of their combination are tested in this experimental study. Materials and methods: Drug-eluting beads were loaded with doxorubicin, sunitinib and sunitinib analogue piperazine (SAP) alone and with their combinations. Diameter change, loading, release, and effect in cellular proliferation were assessed. Results: The average microsphere diameter after loading was 473.7 µm (μm) for Doxorubicin, 388.4 μm for Sunitinib, 515.5 μm for SAP, 414.8 μm for the combination Doxorubicin/Sunitinib and 468.8 μm for the combination Doxorubicin /SAP. Drug release in 0.9% NaCl was 10% for Doxorubicin, 49% for Sunitinib, 25% for SAP, 20%/18% for the combination Doxorubicin/Sunitinib, and 18%/23% for the combination Doxorubicin/SAP whereas in human plasma it was 56%, 27%, 13%, 76%/63% and 62%/15%, respectively. The mean concentration of Doxorubicin that led to inhibition of 50% of cellular proliferation in an HCC Huh7 cell line was 163.1 nM (nM), for Sunitinib 10.3 micromolar (μΜ), for SAP 16.7 μΜ, for Doxorubicin/Sunitinib 222.4 nM and for Doxorubicin/SAP 275 nM. Conclusions: Doxorubicin may be combined with antiangiogenic drugs with satisfactory in vitro loading and release outcomes and effect on cellular lines.
MeSH term(s)	Doxorubicin/administration & dosage ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; Doxorubicin/analogs & derivatives ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Sunitinib/therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Indoles ; Microspheres ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Pyrroles/administration & dosage ; Piperazines/therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic/methods ; In Vitro Techniques ; Drug Liberation
Chemical Substances	Doxorubicin (80168379AG) ; Sunitinib (V99T50803M) ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Indoles ; Pyrroles ; Piperazines
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603082-8
ISSN	1432-086X ; 0342-7196 ; 0174-1551
ISSN (online)	1432-086X
ISSN	0342-7196 ; 0174-1551
DOI	10.1007/s00270-024-03714-z
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Article: Case of Tracheoesophageal Fistula Formation as a Rare Complication of Antiangiogenic Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy for Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Adeoye, Oluwatayo / Kozyreva, Olga

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) e41783

Abstract: ... hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have previously received systemic therapy. Unfortunately, TKIs are associated ... Treatment with antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has shown longer overall survival ... OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than with placebo in patients with advanced ...

Abstract	Treatment with antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has shown longer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than with placebo in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have previously received systemic therapy. Unfortunately, TKIs are associated with some rare adverse events such as tracheoesophageal fistula formation (TEF). The common risk factors for TEF formation include radiation therapy, prior instrumentation of the esophagus/airway, surgery, and esophagitis. We present a case of a 64-year-old man with a history of HCC who developed TEF after three months of treatment with cabozantinib. Patients experiencing these events require prompt termination of the antiangiogenic TKI. Urgent intervention should be pursued to prevent respiratory failure. Clinicians should be aware of the potential adverse effects of antiangiogenic TKIs, especially in high-risk patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.41783
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Article ; Online: Radiation Therapy With Combination Therapy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Antiangiogenic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Ning, Cong / Zhang, Xinmu / Wang, Yanyu / Yang, Xu / Yang, Xiaobo / Chao, Jiashuo / Xun, Ziyu / Xue, Jingnan / Wang, Yunchao / Sun, Huishan / Li, Yiran / Zhang, Nan / Zhu, Chengpei / Hou, Xiaorong / Sang, Xinting / Zhao, Haitao

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

2023 Volume 118, Issue 5, Page(s) 1461–1471

Abstract: ... efficacy in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The synergistic effect of systemic therapy and ... on the treatment outcomes of ICIs and antiangiogenic combination therapy in patients with advanced-stage HCC.: Methods and ... received ICIs combined with antiangiogenic therapy as the first-line treatment. Patients who were ...

Abstract	Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with antiangiogenic therapy have limited efficacy in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The synergistic effect of systemic therapy and radiation therapy (RT) might resolve this problem. We aimed to investigate the effect of RT on the treatment outcomes of ICIs and antiangiogenic combination therapy in patients with advanced-stage HCC. Methods and materials: This retrospective observational study analyzed the medical records of 194 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C HCC who were admitted to our center from August 2018 to June 2022 and received ICIs combined with antiangiogenic therapy as the first-line treatment. Patients who were administered RT for tumor thrombus or symptomatic metastases within 8 weeks of the commencement of combination therapy were allocated to the RT group, whereas those who did not receive RT were assigned to the non-radiation therapy (NRT) group. Propensity score matching was used to mitigate selection bias. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints included objective response rate, disease control rate (DCR), local PFS, out-of-field PFS, and treatment-related adverse events. Results: A total of 76 patients diagnosed with advanced-stage HCC and treated with ICIs and antiangiogenic therapy were included in the study, with 33 patients in the RT group and 43 patients in the non-RT group. After propensity score matching, 29 matched patient pairs were generated. The median follow-up was 15.5 months, and the RT sites were mainly located on the tumor thrombus (55.2%) and extrahepatic metastatic lesions (48.3%). The median PFS was 8.3 months (95% CI, 5.4-11.3) in the RT group and 4.2 months (95% CI, 3.4-5.0) in the NRT group (P < .001). The median OS was not reached in the RT group and was 9.7 months (95% CI, 4.1-15.3) in the NRT group (P = .002). The objective response rate was 75.9% (95% CI, 56.5-89.7) in the RT group and 24.1% (95% CI, 10.3-43.5) in the NRT group (P < .001). The DCR was 100% in the RT group and 75.9% (95% CI, 56.5-89.7) in the NRT group (P = .005). The median local PFS and out-of-field PFS were 13.2 months (95% CI, 6.3-20.1) and 10.8 months (95% CI, 7.0-14.7), respectively. RT was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17-0.64; P < .001) and OS (hazard ratio = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11-0.68; P = .005), respectively. The rates of any grade treatment-related adverse events were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusions: In comparison to the combination of ICIs and antiangiogenic therapy, the inclusion of RT has been observed to improve the DCR and survival outcomes in patients with advanced-stage HCC. The safety profile of this triple therapy was satisfactory.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/radiotherapy ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Liver Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Thrombosis
Chemical Substances	Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	197614-x
ISSN	1879-355X ; 0360-3016
ISSN (online)	1879-355X
ISSN	0360-3016
DOI	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.07.001
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Zs.A 1218: Show issues

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Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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Article: Predictive biomarkers of antiangiogenic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: where are we?

Shao, Yu-Yun / Hsu, Chih-Hung / Cheng, Ann-Lii

Liver cancer

2013 Volume 2, Issue 2, Page(s) 93–107

Abstract: ... with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the efficacy of such therapy is modest, with low ... Antiangiogenic therapy, especially treatment with sorafenib, is the primary treatment for patients ... predictive biomarkers to help identify patients who can benefit most from antiangiogenic therapy. The largest ...

Abstract	Antiangiogenic therapy, especially treatment with sorafenib, is the primary treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the efficacy of such therapy is modest, with low objective response rates and limited prolongation of survival times. Several researchers have investigated predictive biomarkers to help identify patients who can benefit most from antiangiogenic therapy. The largest study on this topic to date was based on the pivotal phase III study of sorafenib (the SHARP study) and did not find any plasma markers that could predict the efficacy of sorafenib. Other studies based on single-arm phase II clinical trials found some potential predictive markers, such as early alpha-fetoprotein response, the serum insulin-like growth factor-1 level at baseline, and the volume transfer constants of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. These findings require validation by further studies. Identifying predictive biomarkers of antiangiogenic therapy for HCC remains challenging and warrants further investigations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-07-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2666925-0
ISSN	1664-5553 ; 2235-1795
ISSN (online)	1664-5553
ISSN	2235-1795
DOI	10.1159/000343845
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