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  1. Artikel ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 takes its Toll.

    Sariol, Alan / Perlman, Stanley

    Nature immunology

    2021  Band 22, Heft 7, Seite(n) 801–802

    Mesh-Begriff(e) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
    Chemische Substanzen Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-06-08
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2016987-5
    ISSN 1529-2916 ; 1529-2908
    ISSN (online) 1529-2916
    ISSN 1529-2908
    DOI 10.1038/s41590-021-00962-w
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and male fertility: Something we should be worried about?

    Zeginiadou, Theodosia / Symeonidis, Evangelos N / Symeonidis, Asterios / Vakalopoulos, Ioannis

    Urologia

    2023  Band 90, Heft 4, Seite(n) 726–734

    Abstract: As of 2021, roughly 5 million deaths were linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection based ... on World Health Organization estimates. The pandemic takes its staggering death toll, severely affecting the healthcare systems ...

    Abstract As of 2021, roughly 5 million deaths were linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection based on World Health Organization estimates. The pandemic takes its staggering death toll, severely affecting the healthcare systems and leading to detrimental implications globally. While the severe impact on the respiratory system is well-established, the exact effect on male reproduction is still largely uncharted territory. When it comes to gender, men appear more vulnerable compared to women. Increasing evidence suggests that COVID-19 adversely affects spermatogenesis and hormonal balance in diverse ways. Semen parameters seem to be compromised at least temporarily, while long-term worsening needs to be clarified in studies with extended follow-up. For the time being, no data support the adverse effect of COVID-19 vaccines on a male's reproductive health. In the present article, we examine the available literature and briefly discuss the impact of the virus on reproduction and fertility. We further provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of vaccination and its potential effect on male fertility. Ultimately, we address the need for future well-designed large-scale trials before drawing definite conclusions on the exact impact of the virus on a male's fecundity.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Male ; Humans ; Female ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Fertility ; Pandemics
    Chemische Substanzen COVID-19 Vaccines
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-06-05
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 204043-8
    ISSN 1724-6075 ; 0376-0057 ; 0391-5603
    ISSN (online) 1724-6075
    ISSN 0376-0057 ; 0391-5603
    DOI 10.1177/03915603231175941
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Variants of SARS-COV-2 and the Death Toll

    Saito, Takesi

    medRxiv

    Abstract: New variants of SARS-COV-2 have been found in various countries. Especially, the UK has been ...

    Abstract New variants of SARS-COV-2 have been found in various countries. Especially, the UK has been attacked by India9s Delta Plus, and the spread of infection has been very rapid, since it is extremely infectious. Fortunately, however, the number of deaths has been stayed flat, where deaths are reported to be those who are not yet received a shot of COVID-19 vaccine. In this note, we would like to consider why the number of deaths is so small, compared with high cases, around the infection peak, when the basic reproduction number is very large.
    Schlagwörter covid19
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-07-16
    Verlag Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.07.08.21260081
    Datenquelle COVID19

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  4. Artikel ; Online: A comparative study of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and its variant Omicron (B.1.1.529) on some immune characteristics.

    Li, Ximeng / Li, Wenjing / Liu, Zhuangzhuang / Kang, Yuan / Zhang, Xiaoyu / Xu, Zhenlu / Gao, Yuan / Qi, Yun

    Scientific reports

    2022  Band 12, Heft 1, Seite(n) 17058

    Abstract: ... but the actions of Omicron-S were weaker. These inflammatory reactions could be abrogated by a Toll ... like receptor 4 antagonist TAK-242. Two S-proteins failed to induce the production of antiviral molecular ...

    Abstract The emergence of Omicron variant raises great concerns because of its rapid transmissibility and its numerous mutations in spike protein (S-protein). S-protein can act as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern and complement activator as well as antigen. We compared some immune characteristics of trimer S-proteins for wild type (WT-S) and B.1.1.529 Omicron (Omicron-S) to investigate whether the mutations have affected its pathogenicity and antigenic shift. The results indicated that WT-S and Omicron-S directly activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and induced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, but the actions of Omicron-S were weaker. These inflammatory reactions could be abrogated by a Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist TAK-242. Two S-proteins failed to induce the production of antiviral molecular interferon-β. In contrast to pro-inflammatory effects, the ability of two S-proteins to activate complement was comparable. We also compared the binding ability of two S-proteins to a high-titer anti-WT-receptor-binding domain antibody. The data showed that WT-S strongly bound to this antibody, while Omicron-S was completely off-target. Collectively, the mutations of Omicron have a great impact on the pro-inflammatory ability and epitopes of S-protein, but little effect on its ability to activate complement. Addressing these issues can be helpful for more adequate understanding of the pathogenicity of Omicron and the vaccine breakthrough infection.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Antiviral Agents ; COVID-19 ; Cytokines ; Epitopes ; Humans ; Interferon-beta/genetics ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics ; NF-kappa B ; Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics ; Vaccines ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
    Chemische Substanzen Antiviral Agents ; Cytokines ; Epitopes ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; NF-kappa B ; Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Vaccines ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Interferon-beta (77238-31-4)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-10-12
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-21690-7
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 Induces Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia.

    Olajide, Olumayokun A / Iwuanyanwu, Victoria U / Adegbola, Oyinkansola D / Al-Hindawi, Alaa A

    Molecular neurobiology

    2021  Band 59, Heft 1, Seite(n) 445–458

    Abstract: In addition to respiratory complications produced by SARS-CoV-2, accumulating evidence suggests ... the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 stimulation on neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia. Analyses ... of some of the mechanisms involved in CNS pathologies of SARS-CoV-2. ...

    Abstract In addition to respiratory complications produced by SARS-CoV-2, accumulating evidence suggests that some neurological symptoms are associated with the disease caused by this coronavirus. In this study, we investigated the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 stimulation on neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia. Analyses of culture supernatants revealed an increase in the production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and iNOS/NO. S1 also increased protein levels of phospho-p65 and phospho-IκBα, as well as enhanced DNA binding and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. These effects of the protein were blocked in the presence of BAY11-7082 (1 µM). Exposure of S1 to BV-2 microglia also increased the protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and enhanced caspase-1 activity. Increased protein levels of p38 MAPK was observed in BV-2 microglia stimulated with the spike protein S1 (100 ng/ml), an action that was reduced in the presence of SKF 86,002 (1 µM). Results of immunofluorescence microscopy showed an increase in TLR4 protein expression in S1-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition with TAK 242 (1 µM) and transfection with TLR4 small interfering RNA resulted in significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 production in S1-stimulated BV-2 microglia. These results have provided the first evidence demonstrating S1-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia. We propose that induction of neuroinflammation by this protein in the microglia is mediated through activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK, possibly as a result of TLR4 activation. These results contribute to our understanding of some of the mechanisms involved in CNS pathologies of SARS-CoV-2.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Caspase 1/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Furans/pharmacology ; Indenes/pharmacology ; Inflammasomes/metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta/genetics ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Mice ; Microglia/metabolism ; Microglia/pathology ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases/pathology ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases/virology ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism ; Nitriles/pharmacology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology ; Sulfones/pharmacology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
    Chemische Substanzen 3-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-2-propenenitrile ; Furans ; Indenes ; Inflammasomes ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukin-6 ; NF-kappa B ; Nitriles ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Recombinant Proteins ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Sulfonamides ; Sulfones ; Tlr4 protein, mouse ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; ethyl 6-(N-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; N-(1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-S-indacen-4-ylcarbamoyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-2-propanyl)-2-furansulfonamide (6RS86E2BWQ) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (EC 1.14.13.39) ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; Caspase 1 (EC 3.4.22.36)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-10-28
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 645020-9
    ISSN 1559-1182 ; 0893-7648
    ISSN (online) 1559-1182
    ISSN 0893-7648
    DOI 10.1007/s12035-021-02593-6
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel ; Online: In silico analyses on the comparative sensing of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA by intracellular TLRs of human

    Choudhury, Abhigyan / Chandra Das, Nabarun / Patra, Ritwik / Bhattacharya, Manojit / Mukherjee, Suprabhat

    bioRxiv

    Abstract: The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 leads to loss of mankind and ... in immunomodulation of host by SARS-CoV-2 is recently demonstrated. However, the functionality of human intracellular ... to rationalize the comparative binding and sensing of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA towards the intracellular TLRs, considering ...

    Abstract The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 leads to loss of mankind and global economic stability. The continuous spreading of the disease and its pathogenesis takes millions of lives of peoples and the unavailability of appropriate therapeutic strategy makes it much more severe. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the crucial mediators and regulators of host immunity. The role of several TLRs in immunomodulation of host by SARS-CoV-2 is recently demonstrated. However, the functionality of human intracellular TLRs including TLR3,7,8 and 9 is still being untested for sensing of viral RNA. This study is hoped to rationalize the comparative binding and sensing of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA towards the intracellular TLRs, considering the solvent-based force-fields operational in the cytosolic aqueous microenvironment that predominantly drive these reactions. Our in-silico study on the binding of all mRNAs with the intracellular TLRs shown that the mRNA of NSP10, S2, and E proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are potent enough to bind with TLR3, TLR9, and TLR7 and trigger downstream cascade reactions, and may be used as an option for validation of therapeutic option and immunomodulation against COVID-19.
    Schlagwörter covid19
    Verlag BioRxiv; WHO
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2020.11.11.377713
    Datenquelle COVID19

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  7. Artikel ; Online: In silico analyses on the comparative sensing of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA by intracellular TLRs of human

    Choudhury, Abhigyan / Das, Nabarun Chandra / Patra, Ritwik / Bhattacharya, Manojit / Mukherjee, Suprabhat

    bioRxiv

    Abstract: The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 leads to loss of mankind and ... in immunomodulation of host by SARS-CoV-2 is recently demonstrated. However, the functionality of human intracellular ... to rationalize the comparative binding and sensing of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA towards the intracellular TLRs, considering ...

    Abstract The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 leads to loss of mankind and global economic stability. The continuous spreading of the disease and its pathogenesis takes millions of lives of peoples and the unavailability of appropriate therapeutic strategy makes it much more severe. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the crucial mediators and regulators of host immunity. The role of several TLRs in immunomodulation of host by SARS-CoV-2 is recently demonstrated. However, the functionality of human intracellular TLRs including TLR3,7,8 and 9 is still being untested for sensing of viral RNA. This study is hoped to rationalize the comparative binding and sensing of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA towards the intracellular TLRs, considering the solvent-based force-fields operational in the cytosolic aqueous microenvironment that predominantly drive these reactions. Our in-silico study on the binding of all mRNAs with the intracellular TLRs shown that the mRNA of NSP10, S2, and E proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are potent enough to bind with TLR3, TLR9, and TLR7 and trigger downstream cascade reactions, and may be used as an option for validation of therapeutic option and immunomodulation against COVID-19.
    Schlagwörter covid19
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-11-11
    Verlag Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2020.11.11.377713
    Datenquelle COVID19

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