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Article ; Online: Cohesion in Distancing.

Shen, Michael

AMA journal of ethics

2020 Volume 22, Issue 4, Page(s) E344–345

Abstract: In isolation, we are physically apart; in solidarity, we are together. The COVID-19 pandemic emphasizes our social responsibility to maintain physical distance from one another. In doing so, we solidify our collective strength. ...

Abstract	In isolation, we are physically apart; in solidarity, we are together. The COVID-19 pandemic emphasizes our social responsibility to maintain physical distance from one another. In doing so, we solidify our collective strength.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Isolation ; Social Responsibility
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2376-6980
ISSN (online)	2376-6980
DOI	10.1001/amajethics.2020.344
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Cohesion in Distancing

Shen, Michael

AMA J Ethics

Abstract	In isolation, we are physically apart; in solidarity, we are together. The COVID-19 pandemic emphasizes our social responsibility to maintain physical distance from one another. In doing so, we solidify our collective strength.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32345430
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: What does an African ethic of social cohesion entail for social distancing?

Metz, Thaddeus

Developing world bioethics

2020 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 7–16

Abstract: ... such a communal ethic prescribe for the coronavirus pandemic? Might it forbid one from social distancing, at least ... away from intimates? Or would it entail that social distancing is wrong to some degree ... although morally permissible on balance? Or could it mean that social distancing is not wrong to any degree and ...

Abstract	The most prominent strand of moral thought in the African philosophical tradition is relational and cohesive, roughly demanding that we enter into community with each other. Familiar is the view that being a real person means sharing a way of life with others, perhaps even in their fate. What does such a communal ethic prescribe for the coronavirus pandemic? Might it forbid one from social distancing, at least away from intimates? Or would it entail that social distancing is wrong to some degree, although morally permissible on balance? Or could it mean that social distancing is not wrong to any degree and could, under certain circumstances, be the right way to commune? In this article, I defend the latter view. I argue that, given an independently attractive understanding of how to value communal relationship, distancing oneself from others when necessary to protect them from serious incapacitation or harm can come at no cost to right action. However, I also discuss cases in which social distancing would evince a lack of good character, despite being the right thing to do.
MeSH term(s)	Africa/ethnology ; COVID-19/ethnology ; Cooperative Behavior ; Ethical Analysis ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Morals ; Physical Distancing ; Residence Characteristics ; Social Values/ethnology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2049034-3
ISSN	1471-8847 ; 1471-8731
ISSN (online)	1471-8847
ISSN	1471-8731
DOI	10.1111/dewb.12266
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Article: What does an African ethic of social cohesion entail for social distancing?

Metz, Thaddeus

Abstract	The most prominent strand of moral thought in the African philosophical tradition is relational and cohesive, roughly demanding that we enter into community with each other. Familiar is the view that being a real person means sharing a way of life with others, perhaps even in their fate. What does such a communal ethic prescribe for the coronavirus pandemic? Might it forbid one from social distancing, at least away from intimates? Or would it entail that social distancing is wrong to some degree, although morally permissible on balance? Or could it mean that social distancing is not wrong to any degree and could, under certain circumstances, be the right way to commune? In this article, I defend the latter view. I argue that, given an independently attractive understanding of how to value communal relationship, distancing oneself from others when necessary to protect them from serious incapacitation or harm can come at no cost to right action. However, I also discuss cases in which social distancing would evince a lack of good character, despite being the right thing to do.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #574531
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Developing a Measure of the Impact of COVID-19 Social Distancing on Household Conflict and Cohesion.

Behar-Zusman, Victoria / Chavez, Jennifer V / Gattamorta, Karina

Family process

2020 Volume 59, Issue 3, Page(s) 1045–1059

Abstract: ... the impact of social distancing due to COVID-19 on household conflict and cohesion. Existing measures do not capture ... household conflict (α = .847) and household cohesion (α = .887). Exploratory factor analysis yielded two ... factors, corresponding to the intended conflict and cohesion items, which accounted for 29% of variance ...

Abstract	This report introduces the COVID-19 Family Environment Scale (CHES), which aims to measure the impact of social distancing due to COVID-19 on household conflict and cohesion. Existing measures do not capture household experiences relevant to the pandemic, in which families are largely confined to their homes while sharing a life-threatening situation. Using best practice guidelines, we developed a pool of items and revised them with review by a panel of experts, and cognitive interviewing with community respondents. We administered the CHES by online survey to 3,965 adults. The CHES consists of 15 items for each of two subscales, household conflict (α = .847) and household cohesion (α = .887). Exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors, corresponding to the intended conflict and cohesion items, which accounted for 29% of variance. Confirmatory factor analysis partially supported the 2-factor model (RMSEA = .057; CFI = .729, TLI = .708, and SRMR = .098). The CHES also contains 25 optional items to describe respondent and household characteristics, and household-level COVID-19 exposure. The CHES, publicly available at https://elcentro.sonhs.miami.edu/research/measures-library/covid-19/index.html, provides a tool for measuring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on important determinants of resilience in the face of major stressful events. Further work is needed to address the factor structure and establish validity of the CHES.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/psychology ; Child ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/psychology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Family Characteristics ; Family Conflict/psychology ; Family Relations/psychology ; Family Therapy/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Physical Distancing ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/psychology ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards ; Quarantine/psychology ; Reproducibility of Results ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	212740-4
ISSN	1545-5300 ; 0014-7370
ISSN (online)	1545-5300
ISSN	0014-7370
DOI	10.1111/famp.12579
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Article ; Online: We are all in this together: Rurality, Social cohesion, and COVID-19 prevention behaviors.

Sood, Radhika / Entenman, Juliette / Kitt-Lewis, Erin / Lennon, Robert P / Pinto, Casey N / Moss, Jennifer L

The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association

2023 Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 154–161

Abstract: Background: Social cohesion refers to an individual's sense of belonging to their community and ... correlates with health outcomes. Rural communities tend to have higher social cohesion than urban communities ... Social cohesion is relatively understudied as a factor impacting COVID-19 prevention behaviors ...

Abstract	Background: Social cohesion refers to an individual's sense of belonging to their community and correlates with health outcomes. Rural communities tend to have higher social cohesion than urban communities. Social cohesion is relatively understudied as a factor impacting COVID-19 prevention behaviors. This study explores the associations between social cohesion, rurality, and COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Methods: Participants completed a questionnaire assessing rurality; social cohesion (subscales of (1) attraction to neighborhood, (2) acts of neighboring, and (3) sense of community); COVID-19 behaviors; and demographics. Chi-square tests were used to characterize participant demographics and COVID-19 behaviors. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between COVID-19 outcomes and rurality, social cohesion, and demographics. Results: Most participants (n = 2,926) were non-Hispanic White (78.2%) and married (60.4%); 36.9% were rural. Rural participants were less likely than urban participants to practice social distancing (78.7% vs 90.6%, P<.001) or stay home when sick (87.7% vs 93.5%, P<.001). Social distancing was more common among participants with higher "attraction to neighborhood" scores (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26-3.47) but was less common among participants with higher "acts of neighboring" scores (aOR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.40-0.88). Staying home when sick was also more common among participants with higher scores on "attraction to neighborhood" (aOR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.15-3.91), and less common among participants with higher scores on "acts of neighboring" (aOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.33-0.86). Conclusions: Efforts to maximize COVID-19 behavioral prevention, particularly among rural communities, should emphasize the importance of protecting the health of one's neighbors and how to support one's neighbors without face-to-face interactions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Social Cohesion ; Rural Population ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Residence Characteristics ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639160-6
ISSN	1748-0361 ; 0890-765X
ISSN (online)	1748-0361
ISSN	0890-765X
DOI	10.1111/jrh.12781
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Article ; Online: Developing a Measure of the Impact of COVID‐19 Social Distancing on Household Conflict and Cohesion

Behar‐Zusman, Victoria / Chavez, Jennifer V. / Gattamorta, Karina

Family Process ; ISSN 0014-7370 1545-5300

2020

Keywords	Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ; Clinical Psychology ; Social Psychology ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1111/famp.12579
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Developing a Measure of the Impact of COVID-19 Social Distancing on Household Conflict and Cohesion

Behar-Zusman, Victoria / Chavez, Jennifer V / Gattamorta, Karina

Fam Process

Abstract: ... the impact of social distancing due to COVID-19 on household conflict and cohesion. Existing measures do not capture ... household conflict (α = .847) and household cohesion (α = .887). Exploratory factor analysis ... yielded two factors, corresponding to the intended conflict and cohesion items, which accounted for 29 ...

Abstract	This report introduces the COVID-19 Family Environment Scale (CHES), which aims to measure the impact of social distancing due to COVID-19 on household conflict and cohesion. Existing measures do not capture household experiences relevant to the pandemic, in which families are largely confined to their homes while sharing a life-threatening situation. Using best practice guidelines, we developed a pool of items and revised them with review by a panel of experts, and cognitive interviewing with community respondents. We administered the CHES by online survey to 3,965 adults. The CHES consists of 15 items for each of two subscales, household conflict (α = .847) and household cohesion (α = .887). Exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors, corresponding to the intended conflict and cohesion items, which accounted for 29% of variance. Confirmatory factor analysis partially supported the 2-factor model (RMSEA = .057; CFI = .729, TLI = .708, and SRMR = .098). The CHES also contains 25 optional items to describe respondent and household characteristics, and household-level COVID-19 exposure. The CHES, publicly available at https://elcentro.sonhs.miami.edu/research/measures-library/covid-19/index.html, provides a tool for measuring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on important determinants of resilience in the face of major stressful events. Further work is needed to address the factor structure and establish validity of the CHES.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #630207
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Cohesion and conflict for mothers during the pandemic: Results of the Portuguese version of the COVID-19 Household Environment Scale.

Arsénio, Joana / Fonseca, Gabriela / Portugal, Alda / Crespo, Carla

Family process

2022 Volume 62, Issue 4, Page(s) 1592–1607

Abstract: ... pandemic in household cohesion and conflict and includes two sections. Section 1 contains 25 descriptive ... encompasses household cohesion and conflict, assessing any change in household experiences and activities ... structure of household cohesion and conflict, which obtained an acceptable fit (CFI = 0.900, RMSEA = 0.065 ...

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide event that has caused significant changes in the daily lives of individuals and families. The combined effect of the pandemic and the stress associated with major life cycle changes, such as the transition to parenthood, is yet to be understood. The aim of the current study was to validate the Portuguese version of the recently developed COVID-19 Household Environment Scale (CHES) and examine its psychometric properties in a sample of mothers who had given birth during the pandemic. The CHES is a self-report measure assessing the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in household cohesion and conflict and includes two sections. Section 1 contains 25 descriptive items pertaining to sociodemographic and household characteristics and COVID-19 stressors. Section 2 encompasses household cohesion and conflict, assessing any change in household experiences and activities following the onset of social distancing. The participants consisted of 342 mothers, aged between 19 and 50 years (M = 31.43; SD = 4.38). A confirmatory factor analysis supported the original CHES bifactor structure of household cohesion and conflict, which obtained an acceptable fit (CFI = 0.900, RMSEA = 0.065). Correlations between household cohesion and conflict and family cohesion and dyadic coping contributed to developing the construct validity of this scale. Furthermore, both CHES subscales demonstrated very good internal consistency. Further research is warranted to assess the CHES in other cultural contexts. This is a useful tool to assess change in family households due to the unprecedented adverse pandemic experience.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Portugal ; Mothers ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Chemical Substances	2-(N-cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid (103-47-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	212740-4
ISSN	1545-5300 ; 0014-7370
ISSN (online)	1545-5300
ISSN	0014-7370
DOI	10.1111/famp.12838
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 Related Shifts in Social Interaction, Connection, and Cohesion Impact Psychosocial Health: Longitudinal Qualitative Findings from COVID-19 Treatment Trial Engaged Participants.

Perez-Brumer, Amaya / Balasa, Rebecca / Doshi, Aarti / Brogdon, Jessica / Doan, Thuy / Oldenburg, Catherine E

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 16

Abstract: ... such as physical distancing and stay-at-home orders, have significantly shifted the way people interact and ...

Abstract	While effective for slowing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, public health measures, such as physical distancing and stay-at-home orders, have significantly shifted the way people interact and maintain social connections. To better understand how people sought social and psychological support amid the pandemic, we conducted a longitudinal qualitative evaluation of participants enrolled in a COVID-19 treatment trial (
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Interaction
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph191610264
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