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  1. Article ; Online: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) non-respiratory involvement

    Eman Sobh / Einas Abuarrah / Khloud Gamal Abdelsalam / Sohaila Sabry Awad / Mohamed Ahmed Badawy / Mohamed A. Fathelbab / Mohamed Ahmed Aboulfotouh / Mohamed Fawzi Awadallah

    The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 6

    Abstract: Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging pandemic that affected ... the importance of multidisciplinary care. Conclusion COVID-19 is a disease of multi-organ involvement ... This review aims to summarize the different extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 disease and highlight ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging pandemic that affected millions of people worldwide caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The first cases reported suffered from respiratory symptoms. Main body Various extrapulmonary manifestations were linked to COVID-19 in several reports including cardiovascular, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and skin. It is important that every clinician should be aware of these non-respiratory manifestations for early diagnosis and prompt management. This review aims to summarize the different extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 disease and highlight the importance of multidisciplinary care. Conclusion COVID-19 is a disease of multi-organ involvement. Manifestations may vary depending on which organ is involved.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; Coronavirus ; Extrapulmonary manifestations ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Symptoms ; Non-respiratory ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779 ; Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ; RC86-88.9 ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SpringerOpen
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) non-respiratory involvement

    Sobh, Eman / Abuarrah, Einas / Abdelsalam, Khloud Gamal / Awad, Sohaila Sabry / Badawy, Mohamed Ahmed / Fathelbab, Mohamed A. / Aboulfotouh, Mohamed Ahmed / Awadallah, Mohamed Fawzi

    Egypt J Bronchol

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging pandemic that affected millions ... the importance of multidisciplinary care. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is a disease of multi-organ involvement ... This review aims to summarize the different extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 disease and highlight ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging pandemic that affected millions of people worldwide caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The first cases reported suffered from respiratory symptoms. MAIN BODY: Various extrapulmonary manifestations were linked to COVID-19 in several reports including cardiovascular, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and skin. It is important that every clinician should be aware of these non-respiratory manifestations for early diagnosis and prompt management. This review aims to summarize the different extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 disease and highlight the importance of multidisciplinary care. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is a disease of multi-organ involvement. Manifestations may vary depending on which organ is involved.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher PMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1186/s43168-020-00030-1
    Database COVID19

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  3. Article ; Online: Risk factors for the exacerbation of patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus: A meta-analysis.

    Zhao, Jinqiu / Li, Xiaosong / Gao, Yao / Huang, Wenxiang

    International journal of medical sciences

    2020  Volume 17, Issue 12, Page(s) 1744–1750

    Abstract: ... coronavirus (2019-nCoV). This study aims to perform the meta-analysis of risk factors for the exacerbation ... Many studies have reported the risk factors for exacerbations in patients with 2019 novel ... of the novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NCIP). PubMed, Embase and Google scholar have been searched ...

    Abstract Many studies have reported the risk factors for exacerbations in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). This study aims to perform the meta-analysis of risk factors for the exacerbation of the novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NCIP). PubMed, Embase and Google scholar have been searched. We included the cohort studies involving risk factors for the exacerbation of NCIP. This meta-analysis compared the risk factors of patients between intensive care (ICU) group and non-ICU group. Two cohort studies were included in this study. After comparing the patients between intensive care (ICU) group and non-ICU group, several important factors were found to significantly increase the risk of exacerbations in patients with NCIP, and they included hypertension (RR=2.34; 95% CI=1.21 to 4.51; P=0.01), cardiovascular diseases (RR=2.28; 95% CI=1.13 to 4.58; P=0.02), COPD (RR=7.65; 95% CI=1.24 to 47.13; P=0.03), dyspnea (RR=2.89; 95% CI=2.05 to 4.08; P<0.00001), myalgia or fatigue (RR=1.24; 95% CI=1.01 to 1.52; P=0.04), but several factors such as gender, Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market exposure, diabetes, chronic liver disease, malignancy, fever, cough, expectoration, headache and diarrhoea appeared to have no obvious effect on the exacerbation of pneumonia. In addition, as the exacerbation of pneumonia, some complications had the high probability to occur according to the meta-analysis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (RR=13.95; 95% CI=6.20 to 31.41; P<0.00001), shock (RR=24.29; 95% CI=4.66 to 126.69; P=0.0002), acute cardiac injury (RR=10.32; 95% CI=3.05 to 34.96; P=0.0002) and acute kidney injury (RR=5.90; 95% CI=1.32 to 26.35; P=0.02) between two groups. Several risk factors were confirmed to significantly improve the risk of exacerbation in patients with NCIP, which was very important for the exacerbation prediction and treatment of these patients.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology ; Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; Adult ; Aged ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Comorbidity ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Disease Progression ; Dyspnea/epidemiology ; Dyspnea/etiology ; Environmental Exposure ; Fatigue/epidemiology ; Fatigue/etiology ; Female ; Heart Diseases/epidemiology ; Heart Diseases/etiology ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Liver Diseases/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/epidemiology ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Shock/epidemiology ; Shock/etiology ; Symptom Assessment
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-06
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis
    ZDB-ID 2151424-0
    ISSN 1449-1907 ; 1449-1907
    ISSN (online) 1449-1907
    ISSN 1449-1907
    DOI 10.7150/ijms.47052
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Novel coronavirus 2019 infections current status

    Yeşil, E. / Hacımustafaoğlu, M.

    Guncel Pediatri

    Abstract: ... Coronavirus infections (2019-nCoV,SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) have been reported which started in Wuhan,Hubei,China ... hospitalized patients In adult cases,it begins clinically with non- specific upper respiratory ... countries have been affected by this epidemic The average incubation period of COVID-19 infection was 5 ...

    Abstract Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that take their name from the thorny protrusions (Corona;Crown) on their surface in electron microscopy They can cause respiratory,enteric,hepatic, and neurological diseases in humans and animals Human infections are usually caused by Alpha and Beta types Human Coronaviruses (HCoV) were first described in the 1960s,and these are mainly 229E,NL63,OC43 and HKU1 Coronaviruses, causing typical mild/moderate respiratory diseases in humans In addition,occasional outbreaks of different severe Coronavirus infections (MERS-CoV,SARS-CoV) have been reported Apart from these,new(novel) Coronavirus infections (2019-nCoV,SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) have been reported which started in Wuhan,Hubei,China in December 2019 and tend to spread all over the world In this review,it is aimed to present the epidemiological course,genetic factors,transmission,prevention of this novel Coronavirus infections with the clinical findings in adults and children,diagnosis,treatment,prevention methods and current information in our country As of February 12,2020, 45 171 proven cases have been reported in the world and 25 different countries have been affected by this epidemic The average incubation period of COVID-19 infection was 5 2days (1-14 days) The fatality rate was 2 5% on average in all cases,but 4 3-15% in severe or hospitalized patients In adult cases,it begins clinically with non- specific upper respiratory tract infections such as fever,cough and weakness In severe cases,symptoms such as pneumonia and severe respiratory failure develop within days In laboratory findings;lymphopenia was observed in hospitalized patients,lung involvement was in almost all cases with bilateral and multilobuler and/or subsegmental consolidation Pediatric cases were usually asymptomatic or with mild upper respiratory tract infection findings Pneumonia has been rarely seen Mortality has not been reported in pediatric cases Treatment of COVID-19 mainly consists of supportive therapy Droplet isolation measures and hand hygiene play an important role in protection Rigorous application of infection control measures is expected to be helpful in breaking the epidemics and pandemics
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #185935
    Database COVID19

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  5. Article ; Online: Rationale for 1068 nm Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) as a Novel, Non-Invasive Treatment for COVID-19 and Other Coronaviruses: Roles of NO and Hsp70.

    Kitchen, Lydia C / Berman, Marvin / Halper, James / Chazot, Paul

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 9

    Abstract: ... coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which arose as a major public health issue in 2019, and was ... for using photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) of the particular wavelength 1068 nm as a therapy for COVID-19 ... and innovative approach for avoiding severe and critical illness in COVID-19 patients ...

    Abstract Researchers from across the world are seeking to develop effective treatments for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which arose as a major public health issue in 2019, and was declared a pandemic in early 2020. The pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple-organ failure, neurological problems, and thrombosis have all been linked to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) fatalities. The purpose of this review is to explore the rationale for using photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) of the particular wavelength 1068 nm as a therapy for COVID-19, investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Our findings illustrate the efficacy of PBMT 1068 nm for cytoprotection, nitric oxide (NO) release, inflammation changes, improved blood flow, and the regulation of heat shock proteins (Hsp70). We propose, therefore, that PBMT 1068 is a potentially effective and innovative approach for avoiding severe and critical illness in COVID-19 patients, although further clinical evidence is required.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; Nitric Oxide ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms23095221
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Rationale for 1068 nm Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) as a Novel, Non-Invasive Treatment for COVID-19 and Other Coronaviruses

    Lydia C. Kitchen / Marvin Berman / James Halper / Paul Chazot

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 5221, p

    Roles of NO and Hsp70

    2022  Volume 5221

    Abstract: ... coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which arose as a major public health issue in 2019, and was ... for using photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) of the particular wavelength 1068 nm as a therapy for COVID-19 ... and innovative approach for avoiding severe and critical illness in COVID-19 patients ...

    Abstract Researchers from across the world are seeking to develop effective treatments for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which arose as a major public health issue in 2019, and was declared a pandemic in early 2020. The pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple-organ failure, neurological problems, and thrombosis have all been linked to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) fatalities. The purpose of this review is to explore the rationale for using photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) of the particular wavelength 1068 nm as a therapy for COVID-19, investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Our findings illustrate the efficacy of PBMT 1068 nm for cytoprotection, nitric oxide (NO) release, inflammation changes, improved blood flow, and the regulation of heat shock proteins (Hsp70). We propose, therefore, that PBMT 1068 is a potentially effective and innovative approach for avoiding severe and critical illness in COVID-19 patients, although further clinical evidence is required.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; photobiomodulation ; viral replication ; inflammation ; 1068 nm ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Heparin-binding Peptides as Novel Therapies to Stop SARS-CoV-2 Cellular Entry and Infection.

    Tavassoly, Omid / Safavi, Farinaz / Tavassoly, Iman

    Molecular pharmacology

    2020  Volume 98, Issue 5, Page(s) 612–619

    Abstract: ... in the clinic and can be considered as a novel therapy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection ... uptake of pathologic amyloid proteins and viruses, including the novel coronavirus ... SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The need to discover treatment modalities for COVID-19 is a necessity, and therapeutic ...

    Abstract Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are cell surface receptors that are involved in the cellular uptake of pathologic amyloid proteins and viruses, including the novel coronavirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Heparin and heparan sulfate antagonize the binding of these pathogens to HSPGs and stop their cellular internalization, but the anticoagulant effect of these agents has been limiting their use in the treatment of viral infections. Heparin-binding peptides (HBPs) are suitable nonanticoagulant agents that are capable of antagonizing binding of heparin-binding pathogens to HSPGs. Here, we review and discuss the use of HBPs as viral uptake inhibitors and will address their benefits and limitations to treat viral infections. Furthermore, we will discuss a variant of these peptides that is in the clinic and can be considered as a novel therapy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The need to discover treatment modalities for COVID-19 is a necessity, and therapeutic interventions such as heparin-binding peptides (HBPs), which are used for other cases, can be beneficial based on their mechanisms of actions. In this paper, we have discussed the application of HBPs as viral uptake inhibitors in COVID-19 and explained possible mechanisms of actions and the therapeutic effects.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry ; Antiviral Agents/metabolism ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/chemistry ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Peptides/chemistry ; Peptides/metabolism ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Peptides/therapeutic use ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Virus Internalization/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans ; Peptides ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike glycoprotein, SARS-CoV
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 124034-1
    ISSN 1521-0111 ; 0026-895X
    ISSN (online) 1521-0111
    ISSN 0026-895X
    DOI 10.1124/molpharm.120.000098
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Clinical presentation and course of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with various types of cancer: A retrospective case-control analysis of an experienced cancer center in Turkey.

    Acar, Ramazan / Yilmaz, Gulden / Savasci, Umit / Aykan, Musa Baris / Kiziloz, Halil / Cuce, Ferhat / Kadioglu, Ekin / Filiz, Mine / Fidan, Gonca / Eksert, Sami / Taskin, Gurhan / Dogan, Deniz / Arslan, Yakup / Tasci, Cantürk / Kayahan, Neslihan / Dogan, Tolga / Basgoz, Bilgin Bahadir / Sertoglu, Erdim / Erturk, Ismail /
    Keskin, Gul Sema Yildiran / Okcelik, Sezgin / Yildiz, Birol / Karadurmus, Nuri

    Journal of cancer research and therapeutics

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) 556–564

    Abstract: Objective: Cancers have been reported to worsen the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 ... without any sign of lung involvement on HRCT. Total mortality of the COVID-19 infection was 46.5% (n = 20 ... by COVID-19 disease than the normal population. However, our findings can not be generalized due to being ...

    Abstract Objective: Cancers have been reported to worsen the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We aimed to demonstrate the real-life data on health outcomes in COVID-19-infected cancer patients.
    Materials and methods: We analyzed the data of 43 COVID-19-infected cancer patients in our COVID-19 clinics between March 25, 2020, and May 9, 2020, retrospectively.
    Results: We determined that 1051 patients were followed up with COVID-19 infection and 43 (4%) of them were cancer patients. The mean age of the patients was 64.3 ± 12.3 years. Lung cancer is the most common cancer type among the patients (23.2%). Dyspnea (51.2%) was the most common symptom in the first admission. Typical ground-glass consolidation or patchy appearance with peribronchial thickening resembling bronchopneumonia on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was present in 29 (67.4%) patients. COVID-19 was diagnosed in 14 (32.5%) patients based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of nose-throat swab samples without any sign of lung involvement on HRCT. Total mortality of the COVID-19 infection was 46.5% (n = 20). Presence of heart disease (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-9.4), previous surgeries to the respiratory system (HR: 6.95; 95% CI: 1.29-27.7), and presence of dyspnea at admission (HR: 4; 95% CI: 1.31-12.3) were statistically significantly associated with death (P = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.01, respectively).
    Conclusion: Our practices supported that cancer patients were more affected by COVID-19 disease than the normal population. However, our findings can not be generalized due to being retrospective and single centered study, Also, we did not compare the findings with noncancer patients with COVID19 disease.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/therapy ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing ; Case-Control Studies ; Disease Progression ; Dyspnea/epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Diseases/epidemiology ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/complications ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Neoplasms/surgery ; Prognosis ; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Severity of Illness Index ; Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Turkey/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2187633-2
    ISSN 1998-4138 ; 0973-1482
    ISSN (online) 1998-4138
    ISSN 0973-1482
    DOI 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_715_20
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Yenı Coronavirüs 2019 Enfeksıyonları Güncel Durum ; Novel Coronavirus 2019 Infections Current Status

    YEŞİL, Edanur / HACIMUSTAFAOĞLU, Mustafa

    Volume: 18, Issue: 1 134-139 ; 1304-9054 ; 1308-6308 ; Güncel Pediatri

    2020  

    Abstract: ... have been reported.Apart from these,new(novel) Coronavirus infections (2019-nCoV,SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 ... enfeksiyonları (2019-nCoV, daha yeni tanımlarıyla SARS-CoV-2 veya COVID-19) bildirilmiştir. Bu derlemede bu yeni ... with non-specific upper respiratory tract infections such as fever,cough and weakness.In severe cases ...

    Abstract Coronavirüsler zarflı, adlarını yüzeylerindeki dikensi çıkıntılardan (Corona; Taç) alan RNA virüsleridir. İnsan ve hayvanlarda, respiratuar, enterik, hepatik ve nörolojik hastalıklara neden olabilirler. İnsanlarda genellikle Alfa ve Beta tipleri görülür. İnsan Coronavirüsleri (HCoV) ilk defa 1960’lı yıllarda tanımlanmıştır, ve bunlar genellikle 229E, NL63, OC43 ve HKU1 Coronavirüsleri olup insanlarda tipik hafif/orta solunum yolu hastalıklarına sebep olmaktadır. Ayrıca zaman zaman salgınlar yapan ve ağır seyirli Coronavirüs enfeksiyonları da (MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV) bildirilmiştir. Bunlardan farklı olarak Aralık 2019 da Çin’in Hubei eyaletinin Wuhan şehrinden başlayıp tüm dünyaya yayılma eğilimi gösteren yeni (novel) Coronavirüs enfeksiyonları (2019-nCoV, daha yeni tanımlarıyla SARS-CoV-2 veya COVID-19) bildirilmiştir. Bu derlemede bu yeni Coronavirüs enfeksiyonlarının epidemiyolojik seyri, genetik faktörleri, bulaş mekanizmaları, erişkin ve çocuk olgularda kliniği, tanı, tedavi, korunma yöntemleri ve ülkemizdeki durum ile ilgili güncel bilgilerin sunulması amaçlanmıştır.Dünya’da 12 Şubat itibariyle 45,171 kanıtlı vaka bildirilmiş olup 25 farklı ülke bu salgından etkilenmiştir. COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun ortalama inkübasyon süresi 5,2 gün (1-14 gün), fatalite hızı tüm olgularda ortalama %2,5, ancak yatan hastalarda ise %4,3-15 bildirilmiştir. Erişkin olgularda klinik olarak ateş, öksürük, halsizlik gibi non-spesifik üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu benzeri bulgularla başlar. Ağır olgularda günler içerisinde pnömoni, ağır solunum yetersizliği gibi bulgular gelişir. Laboratuvar bulgularında; lenfopeninin dikkat çektiği, yatan/ağır olgularda, akciğer tutulumunun hemen tüm olgularda bilateral ve multilobuler ve/veya subsegmental konsolidasyon şeklinde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Çocuk olgularda genellikle asemptomatik ya da çok hafif üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu şeklinde seyredip pnömoni nadir görülmüştür. Çocuk olgularda fatalite bildirilmemiştir. Korunmada damlacık izolasyon önlemleri ve el hijyeni önemli yere sahiptir. Enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerinin titizlikle uygulanmasının epidemi ve pandemilerin gücünün kırılmasında yararı olması beklenmektedir.

    Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that take their name from the thorny protrusions (Corona; Crown) on their surface in electron microscopy.They can cause respiratory,enteric,hepatic, and neurological diseases in humans and animals.Human infections are usually caused by Alpha and Beta types. Human Coronaviruses (HCoV) were first described in the 1960s,and these are mainly 229E,NL63,OC43 and HKU1 Coronaviruses, causing typical mild/moderate respiratory diseases in humans.In addition,occasional outbreaks of different severe Coronavirus infections (MERS-CoV,SARS-CoV) have been reported.Apart from these,new(novel) Coronavirus infections (2019-nCoV,SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) have been reported which started in Wuhan,Hubei,China in December 2019 and tend to spread all over the world.In this review,it is aimed to present the epidemiological course,genetic factors,transmission,prevention of this novel Coronavirus infections with the clinical findings in adults and children,diagnosis,treatment,prevention methods and current information in our country.As of February 12,2020, 45.171 proven cases have been reported in the world and 25 different countries have been affected by this epidemic.The average incubation period of COVID-19 infection was 5.2days (1-14 days).The fatality rate was 2.5% on average in all cases,but 4.3-15% in severe or hospitalized patients.In adult cases,it begins clinically with non-specific upper respiratory tract infections such as fever,cough and weakness.In severe cases,symptoms such as pneumonia and severe respiratory failure develop within days.In laboratory findings;lymphopenia was observed in hospitalized patients,lung involvement was in almost all cases with bilateral and multilobuler and/or subsegmental consolidation. Pediatric cases were usually asymptomatic or with mild upper respiratory tract infection findings. Pneumonia has been rarely seen.Mortality has not been reported in pediatric cases.Treatment of COVID-19 mainly consists of supportive therapy. Droplet isolation measures and hand hygiene play an important role in protection.Rigorous application of infection control measures is expected to be helpful in breaking the epidemics and pandemics.
    Keywords Coronavirüs,COVID-19,Çin,pandemi,SARS-CoV-2,2019-nCoV ; China,Coronavirus,COVID-19,pandemic,SARS-CoV-2,2019-nCoV ; covid19
    Language Turkish
    Publishing date 2020-04-15T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Bursa Uludağ University
    Publishing country tr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: Dysosmia and dysgeusia due to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus;a hypothesis that needs further investigation

    Keyhan, Seied Omid / Fallahi, Hamid Reza / Cheshmi, Behzad

    Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery

    Abstract: ... amongRNA viruses The disease caused by 2019 new coronavirus(2019-nCoV) was named coronavirus disease-19 ... COVID-19) by the World Health Organization in February2020 The 2019-nCoV is phylogenetically relatedto ... severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus(SARS-CoV) [1] It has been shown that 2019-nCov entersthe cell through the ACE2 cell ...

    Abstract Coronaviruses are known as enveloped viruses with apositive-sense single-stranded RNA genome that theirhelical symmetry nucleocapsid is about 26–32 kilobasesin size, making it the largest investigated genome amongRNA viruses The disease caused by 2019 new coronavirus(2019-nCoV) was named coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19) by the World Health Organization in February2020 The 2019-nCoV is phylogenetically relatedto severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus(SARS-CoV) [1] It has been shown that 2019-nCov entersthe cell through the ACE2 cell receptor in the sameway as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)coronavirus [2] 2019-nCoV effectively uses angiotensinconvertingenzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) as a receptor forcell invasion [3] Primary non-specific reported symptomsof 2019-nCoV infection at the prodromal phaseare malaise, fever, and dry cough The most commonlyreported signs and symptoms are fever (98%), cough(76%), dyspnea (55%), and myalgia or fatigue (44%) [4] Our information on the probability and effect of 2019-nCoV on the peripheral and central nervous system is stillscarce and therefore unreliable There have been variousstudies evaluating coronavirus’s effects on the central nervoussystem These studies suggest that the human centralnervous system (CNS)may be susceptible to coronavirus infection[5] Routes intended for central nervous system infectionwith coronaviruses are peripheral trigeminal or olfactorynerves following intranasal inoculation [6, 7] The findings ofstudies on rodents show that these viruses cause demyelinationand stimulate T cell-mediated autoimmune reactionsagainst CNS antigens producing the question about the relationbetween coronaviruses especially the 2019-nCoV andneurologic disorder in humans Given that the peripheral trigeminalor olfactory nerves are pathways of penetration ofthe coronaviruses into the central nervous system, and basedon animal studies, it may be hypothesized that complicationssuch as demyelination and stimulation of T cell-mediatedautoimmune reactions may occur in the path of the infectionspreading, so the occurrence of dysosmia and dysgeusia canbe considered potential consequences of these nerve injuries Numerous reports of loss of sense of smell and tastehave been received from Iranian people as one of themost heavily involved countries with COVID-19 duringthe outbreak of the disease [8, 9] Significant numbers ofpeople with confirmed COVID-19 also reported acomplete or partial loss of their sense of smell and tastein the early stages Initial investigations also indicate thatin some cases, if one member of a family has experiencedsuch symptoms, other family members have experiencedsimilar symptoms over a short period of time Another primary point that needs further investigationis that in confirmed COVID-19 patients with reporteddysosmia and dysgeusia, often, other manifestations wereless severe and the patients frequently recovered morequickly In addition to what has been said that requirefurther investigations to establish their validity, the timelinessor permanence of these complications, as well ashow they are likely to be managed and treated, are ofparticular importance and require thoughtful scrutiny Although there is not sufficient evidence to make a definitivejudgment and need more comprehensive investigations,two scenarios are more likely to be suggested asthe cause of such an incident The appearance of dysosmiaand dysgeusia whether can be attributed to olfactorynerve and trigeminal nerve damage caused by the 2019-nCoV infection or excessive exposure to chemicals anddisinfectants that are more commonly used by peopledue to the viral epidemic Designing a study to assess the validity of such a hypothesis is important in that itcan be considered a relatively acceptable diagnostic criterionfor both the individual and the physicians Sincethe existence of such a relationship is likely, it alsoseems likely that during the COVID-2019 outbreak,those who experience complications such as dysosmiaand dysgeusia should be considered potential carriers o
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #818149
    Database COVID19

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