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Article ; Online: Unveiling Long COVID-19 Disease.

Soriano, Vicente / Ganado-Pinilla, Pilar / Sánchez-Santos, Miguel / Barreiro, Pablo

2020 Volume 22, Issue 4, Page(s) 227–228

Abstract: The clinical spectrum of "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2" (SARS-CoV-2) infection is wider than initially thought. The coronavirus does not establish a chronic cellular infection, in contrast with HIV or the hepatitis B virus, that ... ...

Abstract	The clinical spectrum of "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2" (SARS-CoV-2) infection is wider than initially thought. The coronavirus does not establish a chronic cellular infection, in contrast with HIV or the hepatitis B virus, that keeps their genomes, respectively, as proviruses integrated within the chromosomes or as episomes (Soriano et al. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014).
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/virology ; HIV-1/genetics ; HIV-1/pathogenicity ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-23
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2086783-9
ISSN	1698-6997 ; 1139-6121
ISSN (online)	1698-6997
ISSN	1139-6121
DOI	10.24875/AIDSRev.M20000039
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Article ; Online: Unveiling the Hidden Consequences: The Initial Impact of COVID-19 on Colorectal Cancer Operation.

Ferrari, Davide / Violante, Tommaso / Day, Courtney N / McKenna, Nicholas P / Mathis, Kellie L / Dozois, Eric J / Larson, David W

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

2024

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected healthcare systems globally, resulting ... colon cancer.: Conclusions: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer surgery transcends ... vulnerable populations. The COVID-19 pandemic has left a significant and enduring imprint on colorectal cancer surgery ...

Abstract	Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected healthcare systems globally, resulting in significant delays and challenges in various medical treatments, particularly in cancer care. This study aims to investigate the repercussions of the pandemic on surgical interventions for colorectal cancer in the United States, using data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the NCDB, encompassing adult patients who underwent surgical procedures for colon and rectal cancer in 2019 (pre-COVID) and 2020 (COVID). We examined various demographic and clinical variables, including patient characteristics, tumor staging, surgical approaches, and socioeconomic factors. Results: The analysis included 105,517 patients, revealing a 17.3% reduction in surgical cases during the initial year of the pandemic. Patients who underwent surgery in 2020 displayed more advanced clinical and pathological tumor stages compared to those treated in 2019. After diagnosis, no delay was reported in the treatment. Patients operated during the pandemic, African American patients, uninsured and Medicaid beneficiaries had worse stage colon and rectal cancer, and individuals with lower incomes bore the burden of advanced colon cancer. Conclusions: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer surgery transcends a mere decline in case numbers, resulting in a higher prevalence of patients with advanced disease. This study underscores the exacerbated disparities in cancer care, particularly affecting vulnerable populations. The COVID-19 pandemic has left a significant and enduring imprint on colorectal cancer surgery, intensifying the challenges faced by patients and healthcare systems. Comprehensive studies are imperative to comprehend the long-term consequences of delayed screenings, diagnoses, and treatments, as healthcare planning for the future must consider the unintended repercussions of pandemic-related disruptions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1181115-8
ISSN	1879-1190 ; 1072-7515
ISSN (online)	1879-1190
ISSN	1072-7515
DOI	10.1097/XCS.0000000000001042
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Article: Unveiling the Etiopathogenic Spectrum of Hypophysitis: A Narrative Review.

Menotti, Sara / Giampietro, Antonella / Raia, Salvatore / Veleno, Miriam / Angelini, Flavia / Tartaglione, Tommaso / Gaudino, Simona / Doglietto, Francesco / De Marinis, Laura / Pontecorvi, Alfredo / Bianchi, Antonio / Chiloiro, Sabrina

Journal of personalized medicine

2023 Volume 13, Issue 8

Abstract: ... long COVID-19 may also present as infundibulo-neuro-hypophysitis. The virus enters ... hypophysitis (PAH): During the acute phase of the disease, the pituitary gland in enlarged due ...

Abstract	Hypophysitis, a rare inflammatory disorder of the pituitary gland, has seen an uptick in reported cases in recent years. Our objective is to summarize the most recent research on the etiopathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and genetics of both primary and secondary hypophysitis. Primary autoimmune hypophysitis (PAH): During the acute phase of the disease, the pituitary gland in enlarged due to the infiltration of T and B lymphocytes. The chronic phase is characterized by progressive and irreversible pituitary atrophy. APA may play a role in the management, diagnosis, and prognosis of PAH. Specific autoantibodies such as anti-GH, anti-PIT-1, and anti-T-PIT have been found in patients with hypophysitis and hypopituitarism. A recent study suggested that a mechanism of escaping clonal deletion and mounting an immune response against self antigens can explain the unusual nature of the immune response observed in PAH patients. A cytokine array shows the presence of gamma-interferon and interleukin-17. Patients carrying mutations in the PIT1 or PROP1 genes may present PAH. Individuals carrying the HLA DQ8 haplotype are four times more likely to develop PAH. Immune checkpoint inhibitors induce hypophysitis (IIHs): IIHs is an increasingly frequent toxicity of in patients on treatment with inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). ICIs inhibit the CTLA-4 pathway, leading to overactivation of T lymphocytes. The binding of PD-1/PD-L1 suppresses the activity of T cells, promotes the conversion of T-helpers into T-regulatory cells, and activates pro-survival signaling pathways in cancer cells. Cytokines play a crucial role in IIHs. B-cell infiltration has been observed in IIHs, suggesting that antibody-mediated pituitary injury may contribute. Genetic polymorphisms of CTLA-4 and PD-1 genes can increase the risk of IIHs. HLA alleles may also be involved in the onset of IIHs; this HLA association presents a possible alternative mechanistic hypothesis. IIHs may also be linked to a paraneoplastic syndrome triggered by ectopic expression of pituitary specific antigens. SARS-CoV-2-related hypophysitis: Recently, the literature has reported occurrences of hypophysitis associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus; long COVID-19 may also present as infundibulo-neuro-hypophysitis. The virus enters the central nervous system because of its distinct interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors via spike proteins binding the capillary endothelium, and it directly damages the pituitary cells. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 can occur indirectly through inflammation and the release of cytokines. The exact mechanism remains ambiguous. The available data on endocrine complications associated with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine are scant. Nonetheless, isolated cases of hypophysitis have been documented. Treatment of hypophysitis: Glucocorticoids are the cornerstone in managing primary hypophysitis, given their targeted action on inflammation. A better understanding of the etiopathogenesis and molecular mechanism of hypophysitis can lead to more effective and personalized treatment strategies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662248-8
ISSN	2075-4426
ISSN	2075-4426
DOI	10.3390/jpm13081210
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Article ; Online: Unveiling the paths of COVID-19 in a large city based on public transportation data.

Araújo, Jorge L B / Oliveira, Erneson A / Lima Neto, Antonio S / Andrade, José S / Furtado, Vasco

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 5761

Abstract: ... the spreading of COVID-19 within a large city, namely, Fortaleza in the northeast of Brazil. Our results suggest ... neighborhoods in mobility are the first targets for infectious disease outbreaks, which is quantified here ... in terms of the positive linear relation between the disease arrival time and the average of the closeness ...

Abstract	Human mobility plays a key role in the dissemination of infectious diseases around the world. However, the complexity introduced by commuting patterns in the daily life of cities makes such a role unclear, especially at the intracity scale. Here, we propose a multiplex network fed with 9 months of mobility data with more than 107 million public bus validations in order to understand the relation between urban mobility and the spreading of COVID-19 within a large city, namely, Fortaleza in the northeast of Brazil. Our results suggest that the shortest bus rides in Fortaleza, measured in the number of daily rides among all neighborhoods, decreased [Formula: see text]% more than the longest ones after an epidemic wave. Such a result is the opposite of what has been observed at the intercity scale. We also find that mobility changes among the neighborhoods are synchronous and geographically homogeneous. Furthermore, we find that the most central neighborhoods in mobility are the first targets for infectious disease outbreaks, which is quantified here in terms of the positive linear relation between the disease arrival time and the average of the closeness centrality ranking. These central neighborhoods are also the top neighborhoods in the number of reported cases at the end of an epidemic wave as indicated by the exponential decay behavior of the disease arrival time in relation to the number of accumulated reported cases with decay constant [Formula: see text] days. We believe that these results can help in the development of new strategies to impose restriction measures in the cities guiding decision-makers with smart actions in public health policies, as well as supporting future research on urban mobility and epidemiology.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cities/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Epidemics ; Transportation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-32786-z
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Article ; Online: Unveiling the paths of COVID-19 in a large city based on public transportation data

Jorge L. B. Araújo / Erneson A. Oliveira / Antonio S. Lima Neto / José S. Andrade / Vasco Furtado

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: ... urban mobility and the spreading of COVID-19 within a large city, namely, Fortaleza in the northeast of Brazil ... neighborhoods in mobility are the first targets for infectious disease outbreaks, which is quantified here ... in terms of the positive linear relation between the disease arrival time and the average of the closeness ...

Abstract	Abstract Human mobility plays a key role in the dissemination of infectious diseases around the world. However, the complexity introduced by commuting patterns in the daily life of cities makes such a role unclear, especially at the intracity scale. Here, we propose a multiplex network fed with 9 months of mobility data with more than 107 million public bus validations in order to understand the relation between urban mobility and the spreading of COVID-19 within a large city, namely, Fortaleza in the northeast of Brazil. Our results suggest that the shortest bus rides in Fortaleza, measured in the number of daily rides among all neighborhoods, decreased $$\approx 25$$ ≈ 25 % more than the longest ones after an epidemic wave. Such a result is the opposite of what has been observed at the intercity scale. We also find that mobility changes among the neighborhoods are synchronous and geographically homogeneous. Furthermore, we find that the most central neighborhoods in mobility are the first targets for infectious disease outbreaks, which is quantified here in terms of the positive linear relation between the disease arrival time and the average of the closeness centrality ranking. These central neighborhoods are also the top neighborhoods in the number of reported cases at the end of an epidemic wave as indicated by the exponential decay behavior of the disease arrival time in relation to the number of accumulated reported cases with decay constant $$\lambda \approx 33$$ λ ≈ 33 days. We believe that these results can help in the development of new strategies to impose restriction measures in the cities guiding decision-makers with smart actions in public health policies, as well as supporting future research on urban mobility and epidemiology.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	380
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) and COVID-19: Unveiling the Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potentialities with a Special Focus on Long COVID.

Dhawan, Manish / Rabaan, Ali A / Alwarthan, Sara / Alhajri, Mashael / Halwani, Muhammad A / Alshengeti, Amer / Najim, Mustafa A / Alwashmi, Ameen S S / Alshehri, Ahmad A / Alshamrani, Saleh A / AlShehail, Bashayer M / Garout, Mohammed / Al-Abdulhadi, Saleh / Al-Ahmed, Shamsah H / Thakur, Nanamika / Verma, Geetika

Vaccines

2023 Volume 11, Issue 3

Abstract: ... components of the immune system, which decide the fate of the COVID-19 disease. Recent studies have reported ... immunoregulatory properties and play a crucial role in the prognosis of COVID-19 disease. Recent studies have shown ... mechanisms and their possible roles in the prognosis of COVID-19 disease. Furthermore, the perturbations ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has caused havoc all around the world. The causative agent of COVID-19 is the novel form of the coronavirus (CoV) named SARS-CoV-2, which results in immune system disruption, increased inflammation, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). T cells have been important components of the immune system, which decide the fate of the COVID-19 disease. Recent studies have reported an important subset of T cells known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), which possess immunosuppressive and immunoregulatory properties and play a crucial role in the prognosis of COVID-19 disease. Recent studies have shown that COVID-19 patients have considerably fewer Tregs than the general population. Such a decrement may have an impact on COVID-19 patients in a number of ways, including diminishing the effect of inflammatory inhibition, creating an inequality in the Treg/Th17 percentage, and raising the chance of respiratory failure. Having fewer Tregs may enhance the likelihood of long COVID development in addition to contributing to the disease's poor prognosis. Additionally, tissue-resident Tregs provide tissue repair in addition to immunosuppressive and immunoregulatory activities, which may aid in the recovery of COVID-19 patients. The severity of the illness is also linked to abnormalities in the Tregs' phenotype, such as reduced expression of FoxP3 and other immunosuppressive cytokines, including IL-10 and TGF-beta. Hence, in this review, we summarize the immunosuppressive mechanisms and their possible roles in the prognosis of COVID-19 disease. Furthermore, the perturbations in Tregs have been associated with disease severity. The roles of Tregs are also explained in the long COVID. This review also discusses the potential therapeutic roles of Tregs in the management of patients with COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines11030699
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Article: Unveiling the Mysteries of Long COVID Syndrome: Exploring the Distinct Tissue and Organ Pathologies Linked to Prolonged COVID-19 Symptoms.

Sapna, Fnu / Deepa, Fnu / Sakshi, Fnu / Sonam, Fnu / Kiran, Fnu / Perkash, Raja Sandeep / Bendari, Ahmed / Kumar, Anish / Rizvi, Yusra / Suraksha, Fnu / Varrassi, Giustino

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 9, Page(s) e44588

Abstract: ... a complex aspect with the emergence of long COVID syndrome. There has been a growing prevalence of COVID-19 ... The ongoing battle against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has encountered ... phase. The phenomenon known as long COVID syndrome raises significant questions about the underlying ...

Abstract	The ongoing battle against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has encountered a complex aspect with the emergence of long COVID syndrome. There has been a growing prevalence of COVID-19-affected individuals experiencing persistent and diverse symptoms that extend beyond the initial infection phase. The phenomenon known as long COVID syndrome raises significant questions about the underlying mechanisms driving these enduring symptoms. This comprehensive analysis explores the complex domain of long COVID syndrome with a view to shed light on the specific tissue and organ pathologies contributing to its intricate nature. This review aims to analyze the various clinical manifestations of this condition across different bodily systems and explore potential mechanisms such as viral persistence, immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, and molecular mimicry. The goal is to gain a better understanding of the intricate network of pathologies contributing to long COVID syndrome. Understanding these distinct pathological indicators provides valuable insights into comprehending the complexities of long COVID and presents opportunities for developing more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, thereby improving the quality of patient care by effectively addressing the ever-changing medical challenge in a more focused manner.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.44588
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Article ; Online: Awakening: The Unveiling of Historically Unaddressed Social Inequities During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.

Andrasik, Michele P / Maunakea, Alika K / Oseso, Linda / Rodriguez-Diaz, Carlos E / Wallace, Stephaun / Walters, Karina / Yukawa, Michi

Infectious disease clinics of North America

2022 Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 295–308

Abstract: ... burdens of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the BIPOC populations across the country and provide ... recommendations on how to improve COVID-19 mitigation strategies with the goal of eliminating disparities. ... devalued identities. We highlight how such longstanding inequities paved the way for the disproportionate ...

Abstract	The violence and victimization brought by colonization and slavery and justified for over a century by race-based science have resulted in enduring inequities for black, Indigenous and people of color (BIPOC) across the United States. This is particularly true if BIPOC individuals have other intersecting devalued identities. We highlight how such longstanding inequities paved the way for the disproportionate burdens of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the BIPOC populations across the country and provide recommendations on how to improve COVID-19 mitigation strategies with the goal of eliminating disparities.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1077676-x
ISSN	1557-9824 ; 0891-5520
ISSN (online)	1557-9824
ISSN	0891-5520
DOI	10.1016/j.idc.2022.01.009
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Article ; Online: Unveiling the nature's fruit basket to computationally identify Citrus sinensis csi-mir169-3p as a probable plant miRNA against Reference and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 genome.

Mangukia, Naman / Rao, Priyashi / Patel, Kamlesh / Pandya, Himanshu / Rawal, Rakesh M

Computers in biology and medicine

2022 Volume 146, Page(s) 105502

Abstract: ... from fresh fruits against the viral genome of the causative agent of COVID-19, specifically targeting the 3'UTR ... The fundamental role of microRNAs (miRNAs) has long been associated ... in many infectious diseases. In this article, we would like to discuss the interaction of dietary plant miRNAs derived ...

Abstract	The fundamental role of microRNAs (miRNAs) has long been associated with regulation of gene expression during transcription and post transcription of mRNA's 3'UTR by the RNA interference mechanism. Also, the process of how miRNAs tend to induce mRNA degradation has been predominantly studied in many infectious diseases. In this article, we would like to discuss the interaction of dietary plant miRNAs derived from fresh fruits against the viral genome of the causative agent of COVID-19, specifically targeting the 3'UTR of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) genome. Expanding the analysis, we have also identified plant miRNAs that interact against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS-CoV-2 across 37 countries/territories throughout the world. This cross-species virus-plant interaction led us to identify the alignment of dietary plant miRNAs found in fruits like Citrus sinensis (Orange), Prunus persica (Peaches), Vitis vinifera (Grapes) and Malus domestica (Apple) onto the viral genomes. In particular, the interaction of C. sinensis miRNA - csi-miR169-3p and SARS-CoV-2 is noteworthy, as the targeted 3'UTR region "CTGCCT" is found conserved amongst all curated 772 Omicron variants across the globe. Hence this site "CTGCCT" and miRNA csi-miR169-3p may become promising therapeutic candidates to induce viral genome silencing. Thereby, this study reveals the mechanistic way of how fruits tend to enact a fight against viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and aid in maintaining a strong immune system of an individual.
MeSH term(s)	3' Untranslated Regions ; COVID-19/genetics ; Citrus sinensis/genetics ; Citrus sinensis/metabolism ; Fruit/genetics ; Malus ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Chemical Substances	3' Untranslated Regions ; MicroRNAs
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	127557-4
ISSN	1879-0534 ; 0010-4825
ISSN (online)	1879-0534
ISSN	0010-4825
DOI	10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105502
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Article ; Online: Molecular networking unveils anti-SARS-CoV-2 constituents from traditionally used remedies.

Wasilewicz, Andreas / Bojkova, Denisa / Beniddir, Mehdi A / Cinatl, Jindrich / Rabenau, Holger F / Grienke, Ulrike / Rollinger, Judith M / Kirchweger, Benjamin

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2023 Volume 319, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 117206

Abstract: ... to combat SARS-CoV-2 infections or symptoms of the post- and long-COVID form, owing to the scarcity ... Ethnopharmacological relevance: Plants and fungi have a long tradition in ethnopharmacology ... extracts were evaluated using two SARS-CoV-2 infection assays in Caco-2 cells. 19 plant extracts with and ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Plants and fungi have a long tradition in ethnopharmacology for the treatment of infectious diseases including viruses. Many of these natural products have also been used to combat SARS-CoV-2 infections or symptoms of the post- and long-COVID form, owing to the scarcity of clinically approved therapeutics. Aim of the study: The ongoing threat posed by SARS-CoV-2, along with the rapidly evolving new variants, requires the development of new antiviral compounds. The aim of this study was to identify anti-SARS-CoV-2 herbal and fungal extracts used in traditional medicine against acute respiratory infection, inflammation, and related symptoms. Additionally, we sought to characterize their bioactive constituents. Materials and methods: The antiviral activity and cell cytotoxicity of 179 herbal and fungal extracts were evaluated using two SARS-CoV-2 infection assays in Caco-2 cells. 19 plant extracts with and without anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity underwent detailed dereplication using molecular networking. Results: Extracts from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels roots, Annona squamosa L. seeds, Azadirachta indica A. Juss. fruits, Buddleja officinalis Maxim. flowers, Burkea africana Hook. bark and Clinopodium menthifolium (Host) Stace aerial parts showed a potent anti SARS-CoV-2 activity (IC Conclusions: A sophisticated hyphenation of empirical knowledge with MS-based bioinformatics and automated compound annotation was applied to decipher the chemical space of the investigated extracts. The correlation with experimentally assessed anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities helped in predicting compound classes and structural elements relevant for the antiviral activities. Consequently, this accelerated the identification of constituents from the investigated mixtures with inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Caco-2 Cells ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; COVID-19 ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Plant Extracts ; Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-30
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2023.117206
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