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  1. Article ; Online: Early diagnosis and population prevention of coronavirus disease 2019.

    Su, Ying-Ying / Zhang, Shi-Yin / Li, Ting-Dong / Xia, Ning-Shao

    Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    2020  Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) 345–350

    Abstract: ... of effective drugs and vaccines, population prevention results mainly from timely triage and quarantine of SARS ... the spread of coronavirus disease 2019.: Recent findings: Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is the firstly ... very important to constrain coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic.: Summary: Viral RNA testing combining ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: To discuss the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by nucleic acid and antibody testing as well as its contribution to mitigating the spread of coronavirus disease 2019.
    Recent findings: Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is the firstly developed and most widely used diagnostic technique for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA NAT assays is always unsatisfactory, mainly due to insufficient viral RNA in samples, especially when upper respiratory samples were used. Compared with NAT assays, serological tests are more convenient and less dependent on the quality of sample collection. But the sensitivity of antibody assays varies largely to test samples collected at different time after onset of symptoms. The diagnostic sensitivity can be significantly improved by combination of RNA and antibody testing. Due to the lack of effective drugs and vaccines, population prevention results mainly from timely triage and quarantine of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Thus, extensive testing with NAT and antibody assays simultaneously is very important to constrain coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic.
    Summary: Viral RNA testing combining with serological testing could improve the early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which has great value for clinical practice and public health.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Serologic Tests
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2502511-9
    ISSN 1746-6318 ; 1746-630X
    ISSN (online) 1746-6318
    ISSN 1746-630X
    DOI 10.1097/COH.0000000000000649
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  2. Article: Early diagnosis and population prevention of coronavirus disease 2019

    Su, Y. Y. / Zhang, S. Y. / Li, T. D. / Xia, N. S.

    Curr Opin HIV AIDS

    Abstract: ... of effective drugs and vaccines, population prevention results mainly from timely triage and quarantine of SARS ... the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 RECENT FINDINGS: Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is the firstly developed ... important to constrain coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic SUMMARY: Viral RNA testing combining ...

    Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by nucleic acid and antibody testing as well as its contribution to mitigating the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 RECENT FINDINGS: Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is the firstly developed and most widely used diagnostic technique for SARS-CoV-2 infection However, the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA NAT assays is always unsatisfactory, mainly due to insufficient viral RNA in samples, especially when upper respiratory samples were used Compared with NAT assays, serological tests are more convenient and less dependent on the quality of sample collection But the sensitivity of antibody assays varies largely to test samples collected at different time after onset of symptoms The diagnostic sensitivity can be significantly improved by combination of RNA and antibody testing Due to the lack of effective drugs and vaccines, population prevention results mainly from timely triage and quarantine of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals Thus, extensive testing with NAT and antibody assays simultaneously is very important to constrain coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic SUMMARY: Viral RNA testing combining with serological testing could improve the early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which has great value for clinical practice and public health
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #793601
    Database COVID19

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  3. Article ; Online: Nasopharyngeal neutrophilic-retention signatures could predict disease progression in early SARS-CoV-2 infection.

    Qi, Furong / Cao, Yingyin / Shen, Yunyun / Wang, Haiyan / Li, Dapeng / Yang, Qianting / Li, Zhiyan / Zhang, Zheng

    Journal of medical virology

    2023  Volume 96, Issue 1, Page(s) e29328

    Abstract: ... predictive roles in the nasopharynx of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have not yet been ... single-cell RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed these findings and identified a population ... lungs during the early phases of infection. However, neutrophil dynamics, functional signatures, and ...

    Abstract The nasopharynx is the initial site of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and neutrophils play a critical role in preventing viral transmission into the lower airways or lungs during the early phases of infection. However, neutrophil dynamics, functional signatures, and predictive roles in the nasopharynx of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we carried out RNA sequencing of nasopharyngeal swabs from a cohort of COVID-19 patients with mild, moderate, severe outcomes and healthy donors as controls. Over 32.7% of the differentially expressed genes associated with COVID-19 severity were neutrophil-related, including those involved in migration, neutrophil extracellular traps formation, and inflammasome activation. Multicohort single-cell RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed these findings and identified a population of neutrophils expressing Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in the nasopharynx. This population of neutrophils preferentially expressed pro-inflammatory genes relevant to phagosomal maturation as well as local reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species production in the nasopharynx of patients with severe outcomes. A four-gene panel defined as a neutrophil signature associated with COVID-19 progression (NSAP) was identified as an early diagnostic predictor of severe COVID-19, which potentially distinguished severe patients from mild cases with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, dengue virus, or hepatitis B virus infection. NSAP is mainly expressed on CXCR4
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Neutrophils ; Nasopharynx ; Disease Progression ; Adenosine Triphosphatases
    Chemical Substances Adenosine Triphosphatases (EC 3.6.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.29328
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  4. Article ; Online: Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, part 2: Early assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on cancer diagnosis.

    Negoita, Serban / Chen, Huann-Sheng / Sanchez, Pamela V / Sherman, Recinda L / Henley, S Jane / Siegel, Rebecca L / Sung, Hyuna / Scott, Susan / Benard, Vicki B / Kohler, Betsy A / Jemal, Ahmedin / Cronin, Kathleen A

    Cancer

    2023  Volume 130, Issue 1, Page(s) 117–127

    Abstract: Background: With access to cancer care services limited because of coronavirus disease 2019 ... in Asians/Pacific Islanders.: Plain language summary: To help control the spread of coronavirus disease ... of US incident cases by cancer type, age, sex, race, and disease stage in 2020.: Methods: Data were extracted ...

    Abstract Background: With access to cancer care services limited because of coronavirus disease 2019 control measures, cancer diagnosis and treatment have been delayed. The authors explored changes in the counts of US incident cases by cancer type, age, sex, race, and disease stage in 2020.
    Methods: Data were extracted from selected US population-based cancer registries for diagnosis years 2015-2020 using first-submission data from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. After a quality assessment, the monthly numbers of newly diagnosed cancer cases were extracted for six cancer types: colorectal, female breast, lung, pancreas, prostate, and thyroid. The observed numbers of incident cancer cases in 2020 were compared with the estimated numbers by calculating observed-to-expected (O/E) ratios. The expected numbers of incident cases were extrapolated using Joinpoint trend models.
    Results: The authors report an O/E ratio <1.0 for major screening-eligible cancer sites, indicating fewer newly diagnosed cases than expected in 2020. The O/E ratios were lowest in April 2020. For every cancer site except pancreas, Asians/Pacific Islanders had the lowest O/E ratio of any race group. O/E ratios were lower for cases diagnosed at localized stages than for cases diagnosed at advanced stages.
    Conclusions: The current analysis provides strong evidence for declines in cancer diagnoses, relative to the expected numbers, between March and May of 2020. The declines correlate with reductions in pathology reports and are greater for cases diagnosed at in situ and localized stage, triggering concerns about potential poor cancer outcomes in the coming years, especially in Asians/Pacific Islanders.
    Plain language summary: To help control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), health care organizations suspended nonessential medical procedures, including preventive cancer screening, during early 2020. Many individuals canceled or postponed cancer screening, potentially delaying cancer diagnosis. This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2020 using first-submission, population-based cancer registry database. The monthly numbers of newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2020 were compared with the expected numbers based on past trends for six cancer sites. April 2020 had the sharpest decrease in cases compared with previous years, most likely because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Registries ; COVID-19 Testing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1429-1
    ISSN 1097-0142 ; 0008-543X ; 1934-662X
    ISSN (online) 1097-0142
    ISSN 0008-543X ; 1934-662X
    DOI 10.1002/cncr.35026
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  5. Article ; Online: High Mortality of COVID-19 Early after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis on Behalf of the German Cooperative Transplant Study Group.

    Schaffrath, Judith / Brummer, Christina / Wolff, Daniel / Holtick, Udo / Kröger, Nicolaus / Bornhäuser, Martin / Kraus, Sabrina / Hilgendorf, Inken / Blau, Igor-Wolfgang / Penack, Olaf / Wittke, Christoph / Steiner, Normann / Nachbaur, David / Thurner, Lorenz / Hindahl, Heidrun / Zeiser, Robert / Maier, Claus-Philipp / Bethge, Wolfgang / Müller, Lutz P

    Transplantation and cellular therapy

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) 337.e1–337.e10

    Abstract: ... infectious diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral ... alloSCT, and active immunosuppression. Further studies are needed to improve prevention and treatment ... respiratory disease that can lead to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with a potentially ...

    Abstract Recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) are at high risk for contracting infectious diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory disease that can lead to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with a potentially fatal outcome. In this retrospective study conducted on behalf of the German Cooperative Transplant Study Group, we aimed to analyze risk factors, disease course, and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients who underwent alloSCT. AlloSCT recipients who became infected with SARS-CoV-2 at German and Austrian transplant centers between February 2020 and July 2021 were included. Classification of COVID-19 severity into mild, moderate-severe, or critical disease and division of the course of the pandemic into 4 phases were done according to the German Robert Koch Institute. The main endpoint was overall mortality at the end of follow-up. We further analyzed the need for treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) and the severity of disease. Risk factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses, and survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method. The study cohort comprised 130 patients from 14 transplant centers, with a median age at diagnosis of COVID-19 of 59 years (range, 20 to 81 years) and a median interval between alloSCT and COVID-19 of 787 days (range, 19 to 8138 days). The most common underlying diseases were acute myeloid leukemia (45.4%) and lymphoma (10.8%). The majority of patients (84.9%) were infected in the later phases of the pandemic; 20.8% had moderate-severe disease, 12.3% had critical disease, and 19.2% were treated in an ICU. After a median follow-up of 127 days, overall mortality was 16.2%, 52.0% among patients treated in an ICU. Risk factors for mortality in multivariate analysis were active disease (odds ratio [OR], 4.46), infection with SARS-CoV-2 ≤365 days after alloSCT (OR, 5.60), age >60 years (OR, 5.39), and ongoing immunosuppression with cyclosporine (OR, 8.55). Risk factors for developing moderate-severe or critical disease were concurrent immunosuppression (OR, 4.06) and age >40 years (OR, 4.08). Patients after alloSCT exhibit a substantially increased mortality risk after COVID-19 infection compared with the normal population, without considerable improvement over the course of the pandemic. Risk factors include age, early infection post-alloSCT, and active immunosuppression. Further studies are needed to improve prevention and treatment in this high-risk patient group.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
    ZDB-ID 3062231-1
    ISSN 2666-6367
    ISSN (online) 2666-6367
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.03.010
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    Zs.A 5082: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Addressing COVID-19 Among People Experiencing Homelessness: Description, Adaptation, and Early Findings of a Multiagency Response in Boston.

    Baggett, Travis P / Racine, Melanie W / Lewis, Elizabeth / De Las Nueces, Denise / O'Connell, James J / Bock, Barry / Gaeta, Jessie M

    Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)

    2020  Volume 135, Issue 4, Page(s) 435–441

    Abstract: People experiencing homelessness are at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In March ... the assumption of universal exposure among the sheltered population; and isolation and management venues were ... investigation and for people with confirmed disease, quarantine venues for asymptomatic exposed people, and ...

    Abstract People experiencing homelessness are at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In March 2020, Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, in partnership with city and state public health agencies, municipal leaders, and homeless service providers, developed and implemented a citywide COVID-19 care model for this vulnerable population. Components included symptom screening at shelter front doors, expedited testing at pop-up sites, isolation and management venues for symptomatic people under investigation and for people with confirmed disease, quarantine venues for asymptomatic exposed people, and contact investigation and tracing. Real-time disease surveillance efforts in a large shelter outbreak of COVID-19 during the third week of operations illustrated the need for several adaptations to the care model to better respond to the local epidemiology of illness among people experiencing homelessness. Symptom screening was de-emphasized given the high number of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infections discovered during mass testing; contact tracing and quarantining were phased out under the assumption of universal exposure among the sheltered population; and isolation and management venues were rapidly expanded to accommodate a surge in people with newly diagnosed COVID-19. During the first 6 weeks of operation, 429 of 1297 (33.1%) tested people were positive for COVID-19; of these, 395 people were experiencing homelessness at the time of testing, representing about 10% of the homeless adult population in Boston. Universal testing, as resources permit, is a focal point of ongoing efforts to mitigate the effect of COVID-19 on this vulnerable group of people.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Betacoronavirus/genetics ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; Boston/epidemiology ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control ; Contact Tracing ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control ; Homeless Persons ; Humans ; Mobile Health Units ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Population Surveillance/methods ; Public Health Practice ; Quarantine ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120953-x
    ISSN 1468-2877 ; 0033-3549
    ISSN (online) 1468-2877
    ISSN 0033-3549
    DOI 10.1177/0033354920936227
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  7. Article ; Online: Heart transplantation in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: A single-center case series.

    Hsu, Jeffrey J / Al-Saffar, Farah / Ardehali, Reza / Baas, Arnold S / Carlson, Margrit / Cruz, Daniel / Deng, Mario / Fan, Ashley / Fraschilla, Stephanie / Gaynor, Pryce / Kamath, Megan / Kubak, Bernard M / Schaenman, Joanna / Stimpson, Emily / Vucicevic, Darko / Ardehali, Abbas / Nsair, Ali

    Clinical transplantation

    2020  Volume 34, Issue 9, Page(s) e14042

    Abstract: The infectious disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic ... when and how to proceed with transplantation in our population of patients with end-stage cardiomyopathies ... heart transplantation, is currently unclear. Many transplant programs have been forced to swiftly re-evaluate and adapt ...

    Abstract The infectious disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on solid organ transplantations, including heart transplantation, is currently unclear. Many transplant programs have been forced to swiftly re-evaluate and adapt their practices, leading to a marked decrease in transplants performed. This trend has been due to various factors, including increased donor COVID-19 screening scrutiny and recipient waiting list management in anticipation of COVID-19 critical care surge capacity planning. In the face of these unknown variables, determining when and how to proceed with transplantation in our population of patients with end-stage cardiomyopathies is challenging. Here, we describe our center's experience with orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) in one of the country's pandemic epicenters, where we performed eight OHTs in the first 2 months after community spread began in late February 2020.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/etiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Testing ; Female ; Heart Failure/surgery ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Infection Control/methods ; Los Angeles/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Perioperative Care/methods ; Postoperative Complications/diagnosis ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control ; Treatment Outcome
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-06
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639001-8
    ISSN 1399-0012 ; 0902-0063
    ISSN (online) 1399-0012
    ISSN 0902-0063
    DOI 10.1111/ctr.14042
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  8. Article: Characterizing early Canadian federal, provincial, territorial and municipal nonpharmaceutical interventions in response to COVID-19: a descriptive analysis.

    McCoy, Liam G / Smith, Jonathan / Anchuri, Kavya / Berry, Isha / Pineda, Joanna / Harish, Vinyas / Lam, Andrew T / Yi, Seung Eun / Hu, Sophie / Rosella, Laura / Fine, Benjamin

    CMAJ open

    2020  Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) E545–E553

    Abstract: ... of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, such policies are implemented variably at the federal ... about each intervention's timing, location, type, target population and alignment with a response stringency measure ... We conducted descriptive analyses to characterize the temporal and geographic variation in early NPI ...

    Abstract Background: Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are the primary tools to mitigate early spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, such policies are implemented variably at the federal, provincial or territorial, and municipal levels without centralized documentation. We describe the development of the comprehensive open Canadian Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention (CAN-NPI) data set, which identifies and classifies all NPIs implemented in regions across Canada in response to COVID-19, and provides an accompanying description of geographic and temporal heterogeneity.
    Methods: We performed an environmental scan of government websites, news media and verified government social media accounts to identify NPIs implemented in Canada between Jan. 1 and Apr. 19, 2020. The CAN-NPI data set contains information about each intervention's timing, location, type, target population and alignment with a response stringency measure. We conducted descriptive analyses to characterize the temporal and geographic variation in early NPI implementation.
    Results: We recorded 2517 NPIs grouped in 63 distinct categories during this period. The median date of NPI implementation in Canada was Mar. 24, 2020. Most jurisdictions heightened the stringency of their response following the World Health Organization's global pandemic declaration on Mar. 11, 2020. However, there was variation among provinces or territories in the timing and stringency of NPI implementation, with 8 out of 13 provinces or territories declaring a state of emergency by Mar. 18, and all by Mar. 22, 2020.
    Interpretation: There was substantial geographic and temporal heterogeneity in NPI implementation across Canada, highlighting the importance of a subnational lens in evaluating the COVID-19 pandemic response. Our comprehensive open-access data set will enable researchers to conduct robust interjurisdictional analyses of NPI impact in curtailing COVID-19 transmission.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/therapy ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Testing/methods ; Canada/epidemiology ; Geography ; Government ; Humans ; Infection Control/methods ; Pandemics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Physical Distancing ; Policy ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Social Media/statistics & numerical data ; Time Factors
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-31
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2701622-5
    ISSN 2291-0026
    ISSN 2291-0026
    DOI 10.9778/cmajo.20200100
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  9. Article ; Online: Early trends for SARS-CoV-2 infection in central and north Texas and impact on other circulating respiratory viruses.

    Mutnal, Manohar B / Arroliga, Alejandro C / Walker, Kimberly / Mohammad, Amin / Brigmon, Matthew M / Beaver, Ryan M / Midturi, John K / Rao, Arundhati

    Journal of medical virology

    2020  Volume 92, Issue 10, Page(s) 2130–2138

    Abstract: ... for Disease Control and Prevention's National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System site revealed ... This study provided SARS-CoV-2 testing data from ambulatory and inpatient population. Epidemiological ... Rapid diagnosis and isolation are key to containing the quick spread of a pandemic agent like ...

    Abstract Rapid diagnosis and isolation are key to containing the quick spread of a pandemic agent like severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has spread globally since its initial outbreak in Wuhan province in China. SARS-CoV-2 is novel and the effect on typically prevalent seasonal viruses is just becoming apparent. We present our initial data on the prevalence of respiratory viruses in the month of March 2020. This is a retrospective cohort study post launching of SARS-CoV-2 testing at Baylor Scott and White Hospital (BSWH), Temple, Texas. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 was performed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay and results were shared with State public health officials for immediate interventions. More than 3500 tests were performed during the first 2 weeks of testing for SARS-CoV-2 and identified 168 (4.7%) positive patients. Sixty-two (3.2%) of the 1912 ambulatory patients and 106 (6.3%) of the 1659 emergency department/inpatients tested were positive. The highest rate of infection (6.9%) was seen in patients aged 25 to 34 years, while the lowest rate of infection was seen among patients aged <25 years old (2%). County-specific patient demographic information was shared with respective public health departments for epidemiological interventions. Incidentally, this study showed that there was a significant decrease in the occurrence of seasonal respiratory virus infections, perhaps due to increased epidemiological awareness about SARS-CoV-2 among the general public, as well as the social distancing measures implemented in response to SARS-CoV-2. Data extracted for BSWH from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System site revealed that Influenza incidence was 8.7% in March 2020, compared with 25% in March 2019. This study was intended to provide an initial experience of dealing with a pandemic and the role of laboratories in crisis management. This study provided SARS-CoV-2 testing data from ambulatory and inpatient population. Epidemiological interventions depend on timely availability of accurate diagnostic tests and throughput capacity of such systems during large outbreaks like SARS-CoV-2.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Testing/methods ; Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Physical Distancing ; Prevalence ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/transmission ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Seasons ; Texas/epidemiology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.26010
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