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Article ; Online: Infections and their role in childhood asthma inception.

Thomas, Amy O / Lemanske, Robert F / Jackson, Daniel J

Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

2013 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 122–128

Abstract: ... significant interest in the role of infections in childhood asthma inception. This article serves to review ... these relationships among infections, host factors, and asthma inception in childhood. ... The association of early-onset wheezing with common viral and bacterial infections has raised ...

Abstract	The association of early-onset wheezing with common viral and bacterial infections has raised significant interest in the role of infections in childhood asthma inception. This article serves to review these relationships among infections, host factors, and asthma inception in childhood.
MeSH term(s)	Age of Onset ; Asthma/diagnosis ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Asthma/microbiology ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Asthma/virology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Progression ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung/microbiology ; Lung/physiopathology ; Lung/virology ; Microbiota ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/physiopathology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Risk Factors
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-11-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	1057059-7
ISSN	1399-3038 ; 0905-6157 ; 0906-5784
ISSN (online)	1399-3038
ISSN	0905-6157 ; 0906-5784
DOI	10.1111/pai.12147
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Article: Viral infections and wheezing-asthma inception in childhood: is there a role for immunomodulation by oral bacterial lysates?

Rossi, Giovanni A / Pohunek, Petr / Feleszko, Wojciech / Ballarini, Stefania / Colin, Andrew A

Clinical and translational allergy

2020 Volume 10, Page(s) 17

Abstract: ... to wheezing and asthma are of a viral origin and severity and recurrence are the consequence of a greater ... Severe and recurrent infections of the respiratory tract in early childhood constitute major ... a nonspecific immunomodulation useful in the prevention of recurrent RTIs and of wheezing inception and ...

Abstract	Severe and recurrent infections of the respiratory tract in early childhood constitute major risk factors for the development of bronchial hyper-responsiveness and obstructive respiratory diseases in later life. In the first years of life, the vast majority of respiratory tract infections (RTI) leading to wheezing and asthma are of a viral origin and severity and recurrence are the consequence of a greater exposure to infectious agents in a period when the immune system is still relatively immature. Therefore, boosting the efficiency of the host immune response against viral infections seems to be a rational preventative approach. In the last decades it has been demonstrated that living in farm environments, i.e. early-life exposure to microbes, may reduce the risk of allergic and infectious disorders, increasing the immune response efficacy. These findings have suggested that treatment with bacterial lysates could promote a nonspecific immunomodulation useful in the prevention of recurrent RTIs and of wheezing inception and persistence. Experimental and clinical studies showing the reduction of RTI frequency and severity in childhood and elucidating the involved mechanisms can support this hypothesis.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2630865-4
ISSN	2045-7022
ISSN	2045-7022
DOI	10.1186/s13601-020-00322-1
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Article: Viral infections and wheezing-asthma inception in childhood: Is there a role for immunomodulation by oral bacterial lysates?

Rossi, G. A. / Pohunek, P. / Feleszko, W. / Ballarini, S. / Colin, A. A.

Clinical and Translational Allergy

Abstract	Severe and recurrent infections of the respiratory tract in early childhood constitute major risk factors for the development of bronchial hyper-responsiveness and obstructive respiratory diseases in later life In the first years of life, the vast majority of respiratory tract infections (RTI) leading to wheezing and asthma are of a viral origin and severity and recurrence are the consequence of a greater exposure to infectious agents in a period when the immune system is still relatively immature Therefore, boosting the efficiency of the host immune response against viral infections seems to be a rational preventative approach In the last decades it has been demonstrated that living in farm environments, i e early-life exposure to microbes, may reduce the risk of allergic and infectious disorders, increasing the immune response efficacy These findings have suggested that treatment with bacterial lysates could promote a nonspecific immunomodulation useful in the prevention of recurrent RTIs and of wheezing inception and persistence Experimental and clinical studies showing the reduction of RTI frequency and severity in childhood and elucidating the involved mechanisms can support this hypothesis Copyright © 2020 The Author(s)
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #830733
Database	COVID19

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Article: Role of viral infections in the inception of childhood asthma and allergies.

Grange, J M / Stanford, J L / Rook, G A / Wright, P

Thorax

1995 Volume 50, Issue 6, Page(s) 701

MeSH term(s)	Asthma/immunology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Virus Diseases/immunology
Language	English
Publishing date	1995-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	204353-1
ISSN	1468-3296 ; 0040-6376
ISSN (online)	1468-3296
ISSN	0040-6376
DOI	10.1136/thx.50.6.701
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Article: Role of viral infections in the inception of asthma and allergies during childhood: could they be protective?

Martinez, F D

Thorax

1994 Volume 49, Issue 12, Page(s) 1189–1191

MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Asthma/etiology ; Asthma/immunology ; Asthma/virology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/immunology ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Prevalence ; Social Isolation ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Virus Diseases/immunology
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	1994-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	204353-1
ISSN	1468-3296 ; 0040-6376
ISSN (online)	1468-3296
ISSN	0040-6376
DOI	10.1136/thx.49.12.1189
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Article ; Online: Viral infections and wheezing–asthma inception in childhood

Rossi, Giovanni / Pohunek, Petr / Feleszko, Wojciech / Ballarini, Stefania / Colin, Andrew A.

Clinical and translational allergy, 10(1):17

is there a role for immunomodulation by oral bacterial lysates?

2020

Abstract	Severe and recurrent infections of the respiratory tract in early childhood constitute major risk factors for the development of bronchial hyper-responsiveness and obstructive respiratory diseases in later life. In the first years of life, the vast majority of respiratory tract infections (RTI) leading to wheezing and asthma are of a viral origin and severity and recurrence are the consequence of a greater exposure to infectious agents in a period when the immune system is still relatively immature. Therefore, boosting the efficiency of the host immune response against viral infections seems to be a rational preventative approach. In the last decades it has been demonstrated that living in farm environments, i.e. early-life exposure to microbes, may reduce the risk of allergic and infectious disorders, increasing the immune response efficacy. These findings have suggested that treatment with bacterial lysates could promote a nonspecific immunomodulation useful in the prevention of recurrent RTIs and of wheezing inception and persistence. Experimental and clinical studies showing the reduction of RTI frequency and severity in childhood and elucidating the involved mechanisms can support this hypothesis.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Immune system ; Allergy ; Bacterial lysate ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Early-life respiratory infections and asthma development: role in disease pathogenesis and potential targets for disease prevention.

Beigelman, Avraham / Bacharier, Leonard B

Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology

2016 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 172–178

Abstract: ... between early-life respiratory infections and asthma inception, and discusses emerging concepts ... strategies for the primary and secondary prevention of childhood asthma.: Summary: Early-life infections ... rhinovirus, as major antecedents of childhood asthma. These viruses may have different mechanistic roles ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: This article presents recent findings and perspectives on the relationship between early-life respiratory infections and asthma inception, and discusses emerging concepts on strategies that target these infectious agents for asthma prevention. Recent findings: Cumulative evidence supports the role of early-life viral infections, especially respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus, as major antecedents of childhood asthma. These viruses may have different mechanistic roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. The airway microbiome and virus-bacteria interactions in early life have emerged as additional determinants of childhood asthma. Innovative strategies for the prevention of these early-life infections, or for attenuation of acute infection severity, are being investigated and may identify effective strategies for the primary and secondary prevention of childhood asthma. Summary: Early-life infections are major determinants of asthma development. The pathway from early-life infections to asthma is the result of complex interactions between the specific type of the virus, genetic, and environmental factors. Novel intervention strategies that target these infectious agents have been investigated in proof-of-concepts trials, and further study is necessary to determine their capacity for asthma prevention.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Asthma/etiology ; Asthma/prevention & control ; Child ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Microbiota/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/complications ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Rhinovirus/immunology ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	2088710-3
ISSN	1473-6322 ; 1528-4050
ISSN (online)	1473-6322
ISSN	1528-4050
DOI	10.1097/ACI.0000000000000244
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Article ; Online: The role of respiratory virus infections in childhood asthma inception.

Jackson, Daniel J / Lemanske, Robert F

Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

2010 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 513–22, vi

Abstract: ... during early life, focusing primarily on RSV and HRV, and their potential roles in asthma inception. ... who wheeze with respiratory viruses during infancy outgrow the problem, most children with asthma and ... Whether symptomatic viral infections of the lower respiratory tract are causal in asthma development or simply ...

Abstract	Viral respiratory illnesses associated with wheezing are extremely common during early life and remain a frequent cause of morbidity and hospitalization in young children. Although many children who wheeze with respiratory viruses during infancy outgrow the problem, most children with asthma and reductions in lung function at school age begin wheezing during the first several years of life. Whether symptomatic viral infections of the lower respiratory tract are causal in asthma development or simply identify predisposed children remains a controversial issue. Wheezing illnesses caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), particularly those severe enough to lead to hospitalization, have historically been associated with an increased risk of asthma at school age. However, with the development of molecular diagnostics, human rhinovirus (HRV) wheezing illnesses have been recognized more recently as a stronger predictor of school-age asthma than RSV. In this article, the authors review the impact of virus infections during early life, focusing primarily on RSV and HRV, and their potential roles in asthma inception.
MeSH term(s)	Asthma/etiology ; Asthma/immunology ; Asthma/virology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Respiratory Tract Infections/complications ; Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Virus Diseases/complications ; Virus Diseases/immunology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-09-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	92606-1
ISSN	1557-8607 ; 0889-8561
ISSN (online)	1557-8607
ISSN	0889-8561
DOI	10.1016/j.iac.2010.08.004
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Article ; Online: Infantile respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections: respective role in inception and persistence of wheezing.

Rossi, Giovanni A / Colin, Andrew A

The European respiratory journal

2015 Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 774–789

Abstract: There is evidence that respiratory viruses play a key role in the development and exacerbation ... have revealed an unequivocal relationship between RSV infection and subsequent wheezing into childhood ... since it is often associated with a family or personal history of asthma/atopy. Thus, RSV probably serves ...

Abstract	There is evidence that respiratory viruses play a key role in the development and exacerbation of obstructive respiratory diseases in children. This review attempts to juxtapose the separate profiles and prototypes of pathogenetic mechanisms represented by the two most common amongst such viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV). RSV represents the most common agent of severe airway disease in infants and young children, and is predominant in winter months. Large epidemiological studies have revealed an unequivocal relationship between RSV infection and subsequent wheezing into childhood, thought to be related to long-term changes in neuroimmune control of the airways rather than allergic sensitisation. HRV is a highly diverse group of viruses that affect subjects of all ages, is ubiquitous and occurs year-round. In contrast to RSV, infections with HRV cause minimal cytotoxicity but induce a rapid production of cytokines and chemokines with amplification of the inflammatory response. The susceptibility to HRV-induced bronchiolitis and subsequent wheezing appears to be linked to individual predisposition since it is often associated with a family or personal history of asthma/atopy. Thus, RSV probably serves as an "inducer" rather than a "trigger". Conversely, HRVs seem to serve as a "trigger" rather than an "inducer" in predisposed individuals.
MeSH term(s)	Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Picornaviridae Infections/immunology ; Picornaviridae Infections/physiopathology ; Respiratory Sounds/physiopathology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/physiopathology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/pathogenicity ; Rhinovirus/pathogenicity
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	639359-7
ISSN	1399-3003 ; 0903-1936
ISSN (online)	1399-3003
ISSN	0903-1936
DOI	10.1183/09031936.00062714
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Article: Viral infections and asthma inception.

Lemanske, Robert F

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

2004 Volume 114, Issue 5, Page(s) 1023–1026

Abstract: ... available data on respiratory syncytial virus infections and their relationship to asthma inception ... so, it might paradoxically reduce the long-term risk of allergies and asthma through either pre-existing or newly formed ... viral upper respiratory tract infections play a significant role in producing acute exacerbations ...

Abstract	Respiratory tract infections caused by viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Of these respiratory pathogens, viruses have been demonstrated to be associated with asthma epidemiologically in at least 3 ways ( Fig 1 ). First, during infancy, certain viruses have been implicated in the inception of the asthmatic phenotype. Genetic susceptibility, particularly genes coding for atopic phenotypic characteristics, might differentiate, at least in part, those children who are destined to have persistent wheezing, asthma, or both later in childhood. Second, repeated exposure to infectious viruses in daycare centers or in households with multiple older siblings increases the number of respiratory infections, but in doing so, it might paradoxically reduce the long-term risk of allergies and asthma through either pre-existing or newly formed alterations in cytokine response profiles. Third, in patients with established asthma, particularly children, viral upper respiratory tract infections play a significant role in producing acute exacerbations of airway obstruction that might result in frequent outpatient visits or in hospitalizations. This review will highlight available data on respiratory syncytial virus infections and their relationship to asthma inception in childhood.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Asthma/etiology ; Humans ; Lung/physiopathology ; Models, Animal ; Respiratory Sounds/etiology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/complications ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/physiopathology ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	121011-7
ISSN	1085-8725 ; 1097-6825 ; 0091-6749
ISSN (online)	1085-8725 ; 1097-6825
ISSN	0091-6749
DOI	10.1016/j.jaci.2004.08.031
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