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Article ; Online: COVID-19 and air pollution: A dangerous association?

Urrutia-Pereira, M / Mello-da-Silva, C A / Solé, D

2020 Volume 48, Issue 5, Page(s) 496–499

Abstract: ... for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) indicate that the pollution in some of the epicenters of COVID-19 ... released by these centers and discussed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental pollution. ... to lessen their infection and mitigate it. The blockade due to COVID-19 has drastic effects on the social ...

Abstract	In late 2019, a new infectious disease (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China, which has now turned into a global pandemic. Countries around the world have implemented some type of blockade to lessen their infection and mitigate it. The blockade due to COVID-19 has drastic effects on the social and economic fronts. However, recent data released by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA), Copernicus Sentinel-5P Tropomi Instrument and Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) indicate that the pollution in some of the epicenters of COVID-19, such as Wuhan, Italy, Spain, USA, and Brazil, reduced by up to 30%. This study compiled the environmental data released by these centers and discussed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental pollution.
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols/adverse effects ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/prevention & control ; Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data ; Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Global Health ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	193144-1
ISSN	1578-1267 ; 0301-0546
ISSN (online)	1578-1267
ISSN	0301-0546
DOI	10.1016/j.aller.2020.05.004
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Article: COVID-19 and air pollution: A dangerous association?

Urrutia-Pereira, M / Mello-da-Silva, C A / Solé, D

Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)

Abstract	In late 2019, a new infectious disease (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China, which has now turned into a global pandemic. Countries around the world have implemented some type of blockade to lessen their infection and mitigate it. The blockade due to COVID-19 has drastic effects on the social and economic fronts. However, recent data released by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA), Copernicus Sentinel-5P Tropomi Instrument and Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) indicate that the pollution in some of the epicenters of COVID-19, such as Wuhan, Italy, Spain, USA, and Brazil, reduced by up to 30%. This study compiled the environmental data released by these centers and discussed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental pollution.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #623001
Database	COVID19

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Article: Crop residue burning increased during the COVID-19 lockdown: A case study of rural India.

Lopes, Adrian A / Viriyavipart, Ajalavat

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 6, Page(s) e27910

Abstract: ... several developing economies because of the associated increase in air pollution and reduction in soil quality. CRB poses ... agricultural income and those compelled to sell assets during the lockdown were 22% and 19% more inclined ... with India's COVID-19 nationwide lockdown. This timeline of events facilitated a unique identification ...

Abstract	The customary practice of crop residue burning (CRB) is a major policy concern across several developing economies because of the associated increase in air pollution and reduction in soil quality. CRB poses a hazard to public health and sustainable farmland management. We collected original survey data from a panel of 400 wheat farmers on CRB choices during April-May of 2019 and 2020 - with the latter coinciding with India's COVID-19 nationwide lockdown. This timeline of events facilitated a unique identification of changes in CRB that are attributable to the lockdown. Several studies find that lockdowns during 2020 had beneficial effects on the environment owing to reduced economic activity. However, our findings indicate that CRB may have unintentionally increased during the lockdown. A binary variable regression framework analyzes the determinants of CRB choices of farmers over two years. We control for farmers' opinions on various socioeconomic aspects of the pandemic lockdown to examine its effects on their CRB decisions. The lockdown significantly increased the likelihood of CRB by up to 12%. Furthermore, farmers who lost agricultural income and those compelled to sell assets during the lockdown were 22% and 19% more inclined, respectively, to choose CRB. Labor mobility ceased during the lockdown and increased the cost of environmentally friendly farmland management; this increased the likelihood of CRB by 6%. This study contributes to a growing literature on the unintentional consequences of pandemic lockdowns.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27910
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Article ; Online: Ecological studies of COVID-19 and air pollution: How useful are they?

Villeneuve, Paul J / Goldberg, Mark S

Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)

2022 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) e195

Abstract: ... based analysis of air pollution and COVID-19. ... analyses are prone to showing spurious relationships between ambient air pollution and mortality from COVID ... of developing and dying from COVID-19. Drawing causal inferences from the measures of association reported ...

Abstract	Background: Results from ecological studies have suggested that air pollution increases the risk of developing and dying from COVID-19. Drawing causal inferences from the measures of association reported in ecological studies is fraught with challenges given biases arising from an outcome whose ascertainment is incomplete, varies by region, time, and across sociodemographic characteristics, and cannot account for clustering or within-area heterogeneity. Through a series of analyses, we illustrate the dangers of using ecological studies to assess whether ambient air pollution increases the risk of dying from, or transmitting, COVID-19. Methods: We performed an ecological analysis in the continental United States using county-level ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM Results: Our analyses revealed that the shape of the exposure-response curve between PM Conclusions: Our analyses indicated that ecological analyses are prone to showing spurious relationships between ambient air pollution and mortality from COVID-19 as well as the prevalence of HIV. We discuss the many potential biases inherent in any ecological-based analysis of air pollution and COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2474-7882
ISSN (online)	2474-7882
DOI	10.1097/EE9.0000000000000195
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 and air pollution

Urrutia-Pereira, M. / Mello-da-Silva, C.A. / Solé, D.

Allergologia et Immunopathologia

A dangerous association?

2020 Volume 48, Issue 5, Page(s) 496–499

Keywords	Immunology and Allergy ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	193144-1
ISSN	1578-1267 ; 0301-0546
ISSN (online)	1578-1267
ISSN	0301-0546
DOI	10.1016/j.aller.2020.05.004
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Influence of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality and assessment of environmental health in an industrialized belt of southern Western Ghats, India.

Aditya, Sanal Kumar / Krishnakumar, Appukuttanpillai / AnoopKrishnan, Krishnan

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023 Volume 30, Issue 28, Page(s) 72284–72307

Abstract: ... pollution and deterioration of rivers and associated sectors such as agriculture, domestic and commercial ... The COVID-19 pandemic and sudden lockdown have severely hampered the country's economic growth and ... air and water resources. Increased urbanization and rapid industrialization have led to rising ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic and sudden lockdown have severely hampered the country's economic growth and socio-cultural activities while imparting a positive effect on the overall fitness of the environment especially air and water resources. Increased urbanization and rapid industrialization have led to rising pollution and deterioration of rivers and associated sectors such as agriculture, domestic and commercial needs. However, various available studies in different parts of the country indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the entire ecosystem. But it is noted that studies are lacking in the southern Western Ghats region of India. Therefore, the present study attempts to investigate how the continuous lockdowns affect the River Water Quality (RWQ) during lockdown (October 2020) and post-lockdown (January 2021) periods in the lower catchments (Eloor-Edayar industrialized belt) of Periyar river, Kerala state, South India. A total of thirty samples (15 samples each) were analyzed based on drinking water quality, irrigational suitability, and multivariate statistical methods to evaluate the physical and chemical status of RWQ. The results of the Water Quality Index (WQI) for assessing the drinking water suitability showed a total of 93% of samples in the excellent and good category during the lockdown, while only 47% of samples were found fit for drinking during the post-lockdown period. Irrigational suitability indices like Mg hazard, KR, PI, SAR, and Wilcox diagram revealed lockdown period samples as more suitable for irrigational activities compared to post-lockdown samples with site-specific changes. Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated EC and TDS with a strong positive correlation to Ca
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Water Quality ; COVID-19 ; Rivers ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Drinking Water/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Pandemics ; Communicable Disease Control ; Environmental Health ; India ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Groundwater
Chemical Substances	Drinking Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-11
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-27397-0
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Article ; Online: The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on air pollution in Europe and North America: a systematic review.

Bakola, Maria / Hernandez Carballo, Ireri / Jelastopulu, Eleni / Stuckler, David

European journal of public health

2022 Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) 962–968

Abstract: Background: Multiple studies report reductions in air pollution associated with COVID-19 lockdowns ... and robust reductions in NO2, NO, CO, CO2, PM2.5, PM10, benzene and air quality index pollution ... occurred in association with COVID-19 lockdowns. O3 levels tended to increase, while SO2 and NH3 had mixed ...

Abstract	Background: Multiple studies report reductions in air pollution associated with COVID-19 lockdowns. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the changes observed in hazardous air pollutants known or suspected to be harmful to health, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM). We searched PubMed and Web of Science for studies reporting the associations of lockdowns with air pollutant changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and North America. Results: One hundred nine studies were identified and analyzed. Several pollutants exhibited marked and sustained reductions. The strongest was NO2 (93% of 89 estimated changes were reductions) followed by CO (88% of 33 estimated pollutant changes). All NOx and benzene studies reported significant reductions although these were based on fewer than 10 estimates. About three-quarters of PM2.5 and PM10 estimates showed reductions and few studies reported increases when domestic fuel use rose during COVID-19 lockdowns. In contrast, O3 levels rose as NOx levels fell. SO2 and ammonia (NH3) had mixed results. In general, greater reductions appeared when lockdowns were more severe, as well as where baseline pollutant levels were higher, such as at low-elevation and in densely populated areas. Substantial and robust reductions in NO2, NO, CO, CO2, PM2.5, PM10, benzene and air quality index pollution occurred in association with COVID-19 lockdowns. O3 levels tended to increase, while SO2 and NH3 had mixed patterns. Conclusions: Our study shows the profound impact of human activity levels on air pollution and its potential avoidability.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Benzene ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Communicable Disease Control ; Air Pollution ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Sulfur Dioxide/analysis ; Ozone/analysis
Chemical Substances	Nitrogen Dioxide (S7G510RUBH) ; Benzene (J64922108F) ; Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Sulfur Dioxide (0UZA3422Q4) ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1129243-x
ISSN	1464-360X ; 1101-1262
ISSN (online)	1464-360X
ISSN	1101-1262
DOI	10.1093/eurpub/ckac118
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Zs.A 3499: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Smoke and COVID-19 case fatality ratios during California wildfires

Lara Schwarz / Anna Dimitrova / Rosana Aguilera / Rupa Basu / Alexander Gershunov / Tarik Benmarhnia

Environmental Research Letters, Vol 17, Iss 1, p

2022 Volume 014054

Abstract: ... the role of acute air pollution exposure on COVID-19 severity. A smoke product provided by the National ... Recent evidence has shown an association between wildfire smoke and COVID-19 cases and deaths ... the COVID-19 pandemic and dense smoke emitted by wildfires. This provides a unprecedented context to unravel ...

Abstract	Recent evidence has shown an association between wildfire smoke and COVID-19 cases and deaths. The San Francisco Bay Area, in California (USA), experienced two major concurrent public health threats in 2020: the COVID-19 pandemic and dense smoke emitted by wildfires. This provides a unprecedented context to unravel the role of acute air pollution exposure on COVID-19 severity. A smoke product provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association Hazard Mapping System was used to identify counties exposed to heavy smoke in summer and fall of 2020. Daily COVID-19 cases and deaths for the United States were downloaded at the County-level from the CDC COVID Data Tracker. Synthetic control methods were used to estimate the causal effect of the wildfire smoke on daily COVID-19 case fatality ratios (CFRs), adjusting for population mobility. Evidence of an impact of wildfire smoke on COVID-19 CFRs was observed, with precise estimates in Alameda and San Francisco. Up to 58 (95% CI: 29, 87) additional deaths for every 1000 COVID-19 incident daily cases attributable to wildfire smoke was estimated in Alameda in early September. Findings indicated that extreme weather events such as wildfires smoke can drive increased vulnerability to infectious diseases, highlighting the need to further study these colliding crises. Understanding the environmental drivers of COVID-19 mortality can be used to protect vulnerable populations from these potentially concomitant public health threats.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; wildfire smoke ; synthetic control methods ; case fatality ratios ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Science ; Q ; Physics ; QC1-999
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IOP Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The impact of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 on Covid-19 severity in a sample of patients with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study.

Ponzano, Marta / Schiavetti, Irene / Bergamaschi, Roberto / Pisoni, Enrico / Bellavia, Andrea / Mallucci, Giulia / Carmisciano, Luca / Inglese, Matilde / Cordioli, Cinzia / Marfia, Girolama Alessandra / Cocco, Eleonora / Immovilli, Paolo / Pesci, Ilaria / Scandellari, Cinzia / Cavalla, Paola / Radaelli, Marta / Vianello, Marika / Vitetta, Francesca / Montepietra, Sara /

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders

2022 Volume 68, Page(s) 104243

Abstract: Background: Many studies investigated the association between air pollution and Covid-19 severity ... increased the odds of Covid-19 pneumonia among MS patients and the most dangerous pollutants were NO2 and ... designed, differentiating cases and controls based on Covid-19 pneumonia. Associations between pollutants ...

Abstract	Background: Many studies investigated the association between air pollution and Covid-19 severity but the only study focusing on patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) exclusively evaluated exposure to PM2.5. We aim to study, in a sample of MS patients, the impact of long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 on Covid-19 severity, described as occurrence of pneumonia. Methods: A 1:2 ratio case-control study was designed, differentiating cases and controls based on Covid-19 pneumonia. Associations between pollutants and outcome were studied using logistic regression. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) logistic regression was used to identify the individual contribution of each pollutant within the mixture; Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) penalized regression was performed to confirm the variable selection from WQS. All the analyses were adjusted for confounders selected a priori. Results: Of the 615 eligible patients, 491 patients provided detailed place of exposure and were included in the principal analysis. Higher concentrations of air pollutants were associated with increased odds of developing Covid-19 pneumonia (PM2.5: 3rd vs 1st tercile OR(95% CI)=2.26(1.29;3.96); PM10: 3rd vs 1st tercile OR(95% CI)=2.12(1.22;3.68); NO2: 3rd vs 1st tercile OR(95% CI)=2.12(1.21;3.69)). Pollutants were highly correlated with each other; WQS index was associated to an increased risk of pneumonia (β=0.44; p-value=0.004) and the main contributors to this association were NO2 (41%) and PM2.5 (34%). Consistently, Lasso method selected PM2.5 and NO2. Conclusions: Higher long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 increased the odds of Covid-19 pneumonia among MS patients and the most dangerous pollutants were NO2 and PM2.5.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2645330-7
ISSN	2211-0356 ; 2211-0348
ISSN (online)	2211-0356
ISSN	2211-0348
DOI	10.1016/j.msard.2022.104243
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Article ; Online: Identifying Louisiana communities at the crossroads of environmental and social vulnerability, COVID-19, and asthma.

Bakshi, Arundhati / Van Doren, Alicia / Maser, Colette / Aubin, Kathleen / Stewart, Collette / Soileau, Shannon / Friedman, Kate / Williams, Alexis

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) e0264336

Abstract: ... PM2.5) and Ozone levels were associated with higher rates of cumulative COVID-19 incidence at various ... The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected the socially and environmentally vulnerable ... to assess any correlation between social and environmental vulnerability, and health issues like COVID-19 ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected the socially and environmentally vulnerable, including through indirect effects on other health conditions. Asthma is one such condition, which may be exacerbated by both prolonged adverse in-home exposures if quarantining in unhealthy homes and prolonged outdoor exposures if the ambient air quality is unhealthy or hazardous. As both are often the case in Environmental Justice (EJ) communities, here we have analyzed data at the census tract (CT) level for Louisiana to assess any correlation between social and environmental vulnerability, and health issues like COVID-19 and asthma. Higher Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), Particulate Matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and Ozone levels were associated with higher rates of cumulative COVID-19 incidence at various time points during the pandemic, as well as higher average annual asthma hospitalization rates and estimated asthma prevalence. Further, cumulative COVID-19 incidence during the first three months of the pandemic was moderately correlated with both asthma hospitalizations and estimated prevalence, suggesting similar underlying factors may be affecting both conditions. Additionally, 137 CTs were identified where social and environmental vulnerabilities co-existed, of which 75 (55%) had high estimated prevalence of asthma. These areas are likely to benefit from asthma outreach that considers both social and environmental risk factors. Fifteen out of the 137 CTs (11%) not only had higher estimated prevalence of asthma but also a high burden of COVID-19. Further research in these areas may help to elucidate any common social determinants of health that underlie both asthma and COVID-19 burdens, as well as better clarify the possible role of the environment as related to the COVID-19 burden in Louisiana.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollution/analysis ; Asthma/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/virology ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Louisiana/epidemiology ; Ozone/analysis ; Pandemics ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Social Vulnerability
Chemical Substances	Particulate Matter ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0264336
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