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  1. Article: COVID-19 Viral Load of an Infected Family in China.

    Wang, Daming / Song, Chunli / Zhou, Yiwen / Xu, Kaiyuan / Zhou, Zhuoyang / Ge, Liu / Zhang, Yuchi

    Clinical laboratory

    2020  Volume 66, Issue 5

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Child ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/pathology ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/pathology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; Travel-Related Illness ; Viral Load
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-15
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 1307629-2
    ISSN 1433-6510 ; 0941-2131
    ISSN 1433-6510 ; 0941-2131
    DOI 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2020.200347
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Driving force of COVID-19 among people living with HIV in Wuhan, China.

    Guo, Wei / Ming, Fangzhao / Dong, Yu / Zhang, Qian / Liu, Lian / Gao, Ming / Zhang, Xiaoxia / Mo, Pingzheng / Feng, Yong / Tang, Weiming / Liang, Ke

    AIDS care

    2022  Volume 34, Issue 11, Page(s) 1364–1371

    Abstract: ... in Wuhan city (0.6%). Nine out of the 11 COVID-19 patients had relatively high CD4+ T lymphocyte count ... 200/μl) and undetectable HIV viral load (<20 copies/ml), and ten of them were on antiretroviral ... We investigated 1,709 PLWH through a telephone interview and identified 11 COVID-19 patients in four districts ...

    Abstract Background: Although people living with HIV (PLWH) were considered to be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the driving force among this group of individuals is still not clear.
    Methods: We investigated 1,709 PLWH through a telephone interview and identified 11 COVID-19 patients in four districts of Wuhan, China. The demographic features and major clinical characteristics of these patients were retrieved from the information management systems for COVID-19 patients of the four districts' CDC. Statistical analysis was performed to find out the driving force of COVID-19 among PLWH.
    Results: The prevalence of COVID-19 in PLWH is 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2% - 1.0%), which is comparable to the overall population prevalence in Wuhan city (0.6%). Nine out of the 11 COVID-19 patients had relatively high CD4+ T lymphocyte count (>200/μl) and undetectable HIV viral load (<20 copies/ml), and ten of them were on antiretroviral therapy. Older PLWH with low CD4 + count, got HIV infected through homosexual activity, and had been diagnosed with HIV for a long time, were more likely to develop COVID-19.
    Conclusions: COVID-19 related morbidity rates were comparable between PLWH and the general population. Older age with low CD4 count, an extended period of HIV diagnosis, and treatment-naivety were potential driving forces of COVID-19 prevalence among PLWH. Strategies for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH with weak immune responses are required.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; China/epidemiology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1012651-x
    ISSN 1360-0451 ; 0954-0121
    ISSN (online) 1360-0451
    ISSN 0954-0121
    DOI 10.1080/09540121.2022.2052259
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The interferon landscape along the respiratory tract impacts the severity of COVID-19.

    Sposito, Benedetta / Broggi, Achille / Pandolfi, Laura / Crotta, Stefania / Clementi, Nicola / Ferrarese, Roberto / Sisti, Sofia / Criscuolo, Elena / Spreafico, Roberto / Long, Jaclyn M / Ambrosi, Alessandro / Liu, Enju / Frangipane, Vanessa / Saracino, Laura / Bozzini, Sara / Marongiu, Laura / Facchini, Fabio A / Bottazzi, Andrea / Fossali, Tommaso /
    Colombo, Riccardo / Clementi, Massimo / Tagliabue, Elena / Chou, Janet / Pontiroli, Antonio E / Meloni, Federica / Wack, Andreas / Mancini, Nicasio / Zanoni, Ivan

    Cell

    2021  Volume 184, Issue 19, Page(s) 4953–4968.e16

    Abstract: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by overproduction of immune mediators ... We scrutinized the production of IFNs along the respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients and found that high levels ... with severe COVID-19 that exhibit gene pathways associated with increased apoptosis and decreased ...

    Abstract Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by overproduction of immune mediators, but the role of interferons (IFNs) of the type I (IFN-I) or type III (IFN-III) families remains debated. We scrutinized the production of IFNs along the respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients and found that high levels of IFN-III, and to a lesser extent IFN-I, characterize the upper airways of patients with high viral burden but reduced disease risk or severity. Production of specific IFN-III, but not IFN-I, members denotes patients with a mild pathology and efficiently drives the transcription of genes that protect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In contrast, compared to subjects with other infectious or noninfectious lung pathologies, IFNs are overrepresented in the lower airways of patients with severe COVID-19 that exhibit gene pathways associated with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation. Our data demonstrate a dynamic production of IFNs in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and show IFNs play opposing roles at distinct anatomical sites.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Aging/pathology ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/pathology ; Epithelial Cells/pathology ; Epithelial Cells/virology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interferons/genetics ; Interferons/metabolism ; Leukocytes/pathology ; Leukocytes/virology ; Lung/pathology ; Lung/virology ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/pathology ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/virology ; Respiratory System/virology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Viral Load
    Chemical Substances Interferons (9008-11-1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Surviving COVID-19 Pneumonia At Home

    Jaime Flor

    Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Vol 35, Iss

    COVID Case #1906

    2020  Volume 1

    Abstract: ... viral load) in the nose and sinuses so there were less shedding. Saline washes decongest the nose to improve ... into 2020 killing 4,633 patients out of 82,918 COVID+ in Wuhan, China; 31,855 out of 219,183 COVID+ ... Dear Editor, I was exposed to a COVID-19 positive cardiologist last March 1. I had ENT clinics ...

    Abstract Dear Editor, I was exposed to a COVID-19 positive cardiologist last March 1. I had ENT clinics until March 11, treating mostly patients with complaints of cough and fever (sinusitis and bronchitis). I felt that my facial mask, hooded magnifier lens, and gloves gave me enough protection. I was wrong. They were not sufficient. I had a temperature of 38°C on March 13 and went home immediately to self-isolate. By March 15, I was coughing unremittingly and persistently as if a feather was stuck in my throat. I had no phlegm. I had no running nose, nor respiratory difficulty. But my rib muscles ached continuously - an intense, miserable pain not relieved by any position. I felt a severe point tenderness over both lower back ribs that even soft pillows could not diminish. I lacked sleep. I felt weaker as days went by. My taste was flat as I swallowed soups and arroz caldo but I still had my sense of smell. On March 16, I took Clarithromycin 500 mg and N-Acetylcysteine 600 mg, both twice daily to treat what I diagnosed as acute pharyngitis. Two more days of severe coughing, fever and sore throat made me worry about COVID-19. How come I was not getting better? In fact, I was getting BITTER over this uncertainty of COVID-19 and the treatment I had prescribed myself. I had been religiously taking probiotics to imbue me with immunity for infections like these.1 I believed that lactobacillus acidophilus, the friendly gut bacteria, stimulates the Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) to produce antibodies against virus and bacteria shedding into small intestines and against bacteria abnormally multiplying in the large intestine.2 I was assured by the research of Russian Dr. Elie Metchnikoff on the potent lactobacillus in yogurt (which comprised almost 50% of the Bulgarian diet and made them strong and healthy). Dr. Metchnikoff (who had won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine) honored Bulgaria by naming his friendly bacteria lactobacillus bulgaricus.3,4 Dr. Metchnikoff was later honored as the “father of natural immunity.”5 Then came the Spanish flu of 1918-1919 that killed more than 2.5 million Europeans, mostly Italians and British.6 Yet the number of those killed in Bulgaria was as close to that in Switzerland, which was the lowest. Now, the COVID-19 pandemic marched into 2020 killing 4,633 patients out of 82,918 COVID+ in Wuhan, China; 31,855 out of 219,183 COVID+ in Great Britain; 30,560 out of 219,070 COVID+ in Italy; and 80,787 out of 1,367,638 COVID+ in the USA. Ninety-one died of COVID out of 1,965 positive for COVID-19 in Bulgaria.7 I was confident that the lactobacillus acidophilus 20 billion Colony Forming Units (CFU) were stimulating production of the IgG and IgM (from GALT which produces 70% of the body’s immune globulins) needed to neutralize viruses or bacteria.8 The acidophilus produces Vitamin B specially Vit B129 which I believe made for my stronger body. I had prepared myself as I prepared my patients for the flu by consuming Vit C and Zinc. Zinc stimulates the thymus to increase immune responses to viruses.10,11 I was fortified with 2 Colostrum pills daily, preformed sources of IgG and IgA.12 I followed my regimen for acute rhinitis (though there was no nasal obstruction) which meant doing nasal SALINE washing or sprays thrice a day. I knew that the flu virus (or even the SARS-COV2) hides EARLY in the nose and sinuses and is able to produce toxins which inflame the whole body. Worse for SARS-COV2 because these drop into the tonsils and into the lungs. The nasal sprays were meant to reduce the virus numbers (viral load) in the nose and sinuses so there were less shedding. Saline washes decongest the nose to improve breathing. The 60 seconds antiseptic mouthwash followed a regimen of brushing the teeth then the palate and the tonsils and to the base of the tongue. This was to extinguish any virus lurking to go down into the lungs or GIT. This regimen was routine at 3x a day. The fever dropped slowly. Coughing diminished though the muscles constantly ached after 3 days of Clarithromycin. I was determined to have the COVID tests and a high resolution CT scan of the chest. On March 20 at the hospital ER, I explained I was a patient requesting a CBC, a COVID test, and a chest CT scan and that I will wait for my turn since the ER was full (took me 3 hours). After the interview with the ER physician, I was led to a seat one meter apart from others. Elderly patients with cough all quizzically looked at me in my white doctor’s gown wondering if I was sick. I changed to the gown, mask, and gloves I was provided with when the nurse escorted me to cubicle one. First came the CBC. Next were Rt-PCR swabs of the nose and nasopharynx and of the throat. Finally after the staff sterilized the CT scan room, my scan was completed in a few minutes. The chest scan showed ground glass appearance consistent with Bilateral Basal Pneumonia. I was told that the PCR results would be ready within 7 days. I was advised urgently by my classmate, a pulmonary specialist from another hospital, for admission for oxygen inhalation and treatment. She went out of her way to look for a pulmonologist but none was available due to quarantine. She looked for an Infectious Disease Specialist who was now in isolation. I requested her that since I was not in respiratory distress and because of my weakened state, I was worried about getting a hospital acquired infection and that I be committed to strict home isolation with treatment prescribed by her. She reluctantly acceded with the admonition that I proceed immediately back to hospital if respiratory difficulties occur. I started the Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) at 2x a day for 5 days and Azithromycin once daily for 7 days plus a mucolytic N- Acetylcysteine 600 mg 2x a day. There was another dimension beyond my physical stress. I was in MENTAL stress, the pervasive fear of not surviving this that engulfed me. Knowing my close colleagues died from COVID-19 pneumonia after a short battle in ICU with intubation, I realized THIS certainty of death and THAT uncertainty of recovery. I asked for a lifeline from my UP Med ‘76 classmates. (The lifeline in the family was unconditionally given though from a distance). My pulmonologist classmate closely monitored my condition daily. Some offered their listening ears to my echoing worries. Most prayed to God with their unconditional love for me to recover. Another classmate had extraordinary pranic sessions for my healing, my relaxation and my energy. I reflected on my dad’s advice that in a righteous fight (like against this pneumonia), “you use all means and all ways to win.” I started deep breathing into the nose and slowly out through the mouth knowing full well that the nitric oxide I absorbed through the roof of the nose dilated my coronaries for better heart function and my pulmonary arteries for better oxygen exchange. The deep breathing provided nitric oxide to the bronchus and bronchioles to dilate them for more airflow. Moreover, I was taking in lots of calamansi juices (or lemon or oranges) for its citrulline which has been researched to prolong the effects of nitric oxide.13 These breathing sessions were the MOST IMPORTANT activities if I were to survive and were continuous morning, noon and evening. Fortunately, I was isolated in 3rd floor Music Room with access to the roof deck garden and fresh air from Laguna de Bay (about 1.5 km from the house in Taguig) and of course, LPs of the Beatles, Aiza and Sharon, and Mozart. I did chest thumping or percussion as far as I could reach my back to loosen the phlegm in my lungs. This self ‘physical therapy’ was 3x a day. I started to spit scanty whitish, thick phlegm. I made sure that Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) was taken mornings and evenings and the Azithromycin was taken at lunch so there were no drug interactions. The 2 Colostrum tabs were swallowed on waking up. The probiotics were taken after breakfast and after dinner. The Zinc was taken after lunch. Soft stools were present but that was my GIT reacting to the medications. Adding to the controversy was the new regimen US President Donald Trump was trumpeting on Fox News and CNN. A hospitalist physician treating COVID-19 pneumonias in San Francisco was giving us the new protocols for Chloroquine and Azithromycin, with promising results. He was the classmate of my daughter in UP Med. I went to pharmacies in Taguig and Greenhills for Chloroquine. It was not available. My pulmonologist classmate was firm; “No!” when I suggested the shift. “You will need confinement and an ECG because these combination drugs prolong QTc on electrocardiogram.” This meant Chloroquine and Azithromycin combination may initially precipitate bradycardia (lower heart rate) then ventricular tachycardia (heightened heart rate), and finally, cardiac arrest for senior patients (68 years old) like me with a history of hypertension. This discussion stopped all controversies in treatment. Moreover, I was getting better. My temperature decreased to 37.8 °C. The muscle pain diminished. The severe point tenderness over the lower ribs persisted. I was deep-breathing which I could not hold for more than 10 seconds. That was not normal! I listened to my lungs for the CRACKLING sounds of pneumonia with my stethoscope. The maze of gurgling and churning sounds from the stomach and intestines seemed to mask the sounds I was listening for. Or was I in denial? I decided to go back to ER on the 3rd day for a chest X ray. The objective was to see if my pneumonia was progressing. The chest X ray still showed basal pneumonia. I had mixed feelings-- good that pneumonia did not progress to middle lung fields and --- bad that pneumonia was festering. I completed the 5-day regimen of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and was continuing the 8th day of Azithromycin and N-Acetylcysteine when my COVID test finally arrived through email-- I was COVID positive #1906 . By this time, I was recovering physically and mentally. I had no fever (37.2 °C average), no cough, no sore throat. Breathing was full. I had my appetite back. My outlook was as OPTIMISTIC as the blooming flowers I nurtured during this trial. This timing was fortunate because even with confirmed COVID-19 positive, I knew I had beaten COVID-19 pneumonia at home. Isolation was completed 2 weeks from my recovery which necessitated another COVID test and rapid test April 10, 2020. This test was still positive. A third PCR done on April 20 was negative for SARSCoV-2. The new DOH protocol was to isolate up to May 5 which I have followed. I am practicing social distancing and wearing a mask.
    Keywords Sinusitis ; Bronchitis ; temperature ; Otorhinolaryngology ; RF1-547 ; covid19
    Subject code 941
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Philippine Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Tied Infections: How Social Connectedness to Other COVID-19 Patients Influences Illness Severity.

    Yan, Xuewen / Qu, Tianyao / Sperber, Nathan / Lu, Jinyuan / Fan, Mengzhen / Cornwell, Benjamin

    The American behavioral scientist

    2022  Volume 65, Issue 14, Page(s) 1901–1928

    Abstract: ... with COVID-19, they experienced more severe illness. We also find that patients with infected family members ... viral load due to the nature of one's exposure to the novel coronavirus. We analyze administrative data ... of all 417 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Chinese city of Shenzhen between January 8 and ...

    Abstract Expanding on recent research on the transmission of COVID-19 via social networks, this article argues that exposure to familial and other close contacts who already have the disease may increase the severity of one's subsequent illness. We hypothesize that having family members or close contacts who were diagnosed with COVID-19 before one's own diagnosis exacerbates illness severity due to several potential mechanisms including changes in available social support access, increased stress and strain, and increased viral load due to the nature of one's exposure to the novel coronavirus. We analyze administrative data of all 417 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Chinese city of Shenzhen between January 8 and February 25, 2020. Our analyses show that, when patients had family members or close ties diagnosed with COVID-19, they experienced more severe illness. We also find that patients with infected family members or close contacts did not have significantly extended total illness duration, due to their reduced time to diagnosis. The implications of both findings are discussed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 206867-9
    ISSN 0002-7642
    ISSN 0002-7642
    DOI 10.1177/00027642211003138
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Effect of an antiviral drug control and its variable order fractional network in host COVID-19 kinetics.

    Wang, Bo / Mondal, Jayanta / Samui, Piu / Chatterjee, Amar Nath / Yusuf, Abdullahi

    The European physical journal. Special topics

    2022  Volume 231, Issue 10, Page(s) 1915–1929

    Abstract: In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan, China. After ... of our throat and lungs are the main target area of the SARS-CoV-2 virus which leads to COVID-19 disease ... epithelial cells, infected epithelial cells, and SARS-CoV-2 virus. To explore the model in light of the optimal ...

    Abstract In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan, China. After that, it spread rapidly all over the world. Novel coronavirus belongs to the family of Coronaviridae and this new strain is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epithelial cells of our throat and lungs are the main target area of the SARS-CoV-2 virus which leads to COVID-19 disease. In this article, we propose a mathematical model for examining the effects of antiviral treatment over viral mutation to control disease transmission. We have considered here three populations namely uninfected epithelial cells, infected epithelial cells, and SARS-CoV-2 virus. To explore the model in light of the optimal control-theoretic strategy, we use Pontryagin's maximum principle. We also illustrate the existence of the optimal control and the effectiveness of the optimal control is studied here. Cost-effectiveness and efficiency analysis confirms that time-dependent antiviral controlled drug therapy can reduce the viral load and infection process at a low cost. Numerical simulations have been done to illustrate our analytical findings. In addition, a new variable-order fractional model is proposed to investigate the effect of antiviral treatment over viral mutation to control disease transmission. Considering the superiority of fractional order calculus in the modeling of systems and processes, the proposed variable-order fractional model can provide more accurate insight for the modeling of the disease. Then through the genetic algorithm, optimal treatment is presented, and its numerical simulations are illustrated.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267176-6
    ISSN 1951-6401 ; 1951-6355
    ISSN (online) 1951-6401
    ISSN 1951-6355
    DOI 10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00454-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Epidemiological and initial clinical characteristics of patients with family aggregation of COVID-19.

    Xia, Xiao-Ying / Wu, Jing / Liu, He-Lei / Xia, Hong / Jia, Bei / Huang, Wen-Xiang

    Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

    2020  Volume 127, Page(s) 104360

    Abstract: ... for COVID-19 (5th edition, China).: Results: Of the 10 cases, case A had a history of a temporary stay ... lymphocyte counts and RT-PCR-CT values coupled with higher NLR may indicate the severity of COVID-19 infection ... infection in Western Chongqing, China.: Study design: Ten patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid ...

    Abstract Background: Since December 2019, a new outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan (Hubei, China) and rapidly spread throughout China, however, confirmed cases are still increasing worldwide.
    Objectives: To investigate the epidemiological history and initial clinical characteristics of 10 patients with family aggregation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Western Chongqing, China.
    Study design: Ten patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection by real time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), were collected from The People's Hospital of Dazu District, Chongqing. Epidemiological data and laboratory and imaging results were collected on the first day of admission, and analyzed based on the Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline for COVID-19 (5th edition, China).
    Results: Of the 10 cases, case A had a history of a temporary stay in Wuhan and transmitted the virus to the others through family gathering, living together, and sharing vehicles. The average age was 56.5 years (± 11.16), six patients were males, and the incubation period was 2-14 days. Dry cough was the main symptom, followed by fever and fatigue. Most patients were clinically classified as ordinary-type, with three cases being severe-type. Chest computed tomography results were nonspecific, mainly with ground-glass attenuation and/or shadow images. Extensive lesion distribution was seen in severe cases. CD4+ lymphocyte counts were 61, 180, and 348 cells/uL in severe-type patients, respectively. Notably, viral nucleic acid values in nasopharyngeal swabs were lower (19, 25, and 26) than those of ordinary-type patients, suggesting a higher viral load. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was also higher in severe-type patients CONCLUSIONS: Initial examination results of lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts and RT-PCR-CT values coupled with higher NLR may indicate the severity of COVID-19 infection for these family clusters.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Betacoronavirus ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Cough/virology ; Family Health ; Female ; Fever/virology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Travel ; Viral Load
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1446080-4
    ISSN 1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
    ISSN (online) 1873-5967
    ISSN 1386-6532
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104360
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Distribution of the COVID-19 epidemic and correlation with population emigration from Wuhan, China.

    Chen, Ze-Liang / Zhang, Qi / Lu, Yi / Guo, Zhong-Min / Zhang, Xi / Zhang, Wen-Jun / Guo, Cheng / Liao, Cong-Hui / Li, Qian-Lin / Han, Xiao-Hu / Lu, Jia-Hai

    Chinese medical journal

    2020  Volume 133, Issue 9, Page(s) 1044–1050

    Abstract: Background: The ongoing new coronavirus pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) outbreak ... for early warning and for the prevention of future outbreaks.: Methods: The official case report on the COVID-19 ... epidemic was collected as of January 30, 2020. Time and location information on COVID-19 cases was ...

    Abstract Background: The ongoing new coronavirus pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) outbreak is spreading in China, but it has not yet reached its peak. Five million people emigrated from Wuhan before lockdown, potentially representing a source of virus infection. Determining case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in the early stage of the epidemic is of great importance for early warning and for the prevention of future outbreaks.
    Methods: The official case report on the COVID-19 epidemic was collected as of January 30, 2020. Time and location information on COVID-19 cases was extracted and analyzed using ArcGIS and WinBUGS software. Data on population migration from Wuhan city and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi, and their correlation with the number of cases was analyzed.
    Results: The COVID-19 confirmed and death cases in Hubei province accounted for 59.91% (5806/9692) and 95.77% (204/213) of the total cases in China, respectively. Hot spot provinces included Sichuan and Yunnan, which are adjacent to Hubei. The time risk of Hubei province on the following day was 1.960 times that on the previous day. The number of cases in some cities was relatively low, but the time risk appeared to be continuously rising. The correlation coefficient between the provincial number of cases and emigration from Wuhan was up to 0.943. The lockdown of 17 cities in Hubei province and the implementation of nationwide control measures efficiently prevented an exponential growth in the number of cases.
    Conclusions: The population that emigrated from Wuhan was the main infection source in other cities and provinces. Some cities with a low number of cases showed a rapid increase in case load. Owing to the upcoming Spring Festival return wave, understanding the risk trends in different regions is crucial to ensure preparedness at both the individual and organization levels and to prevent new outbreaks.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Emigration and Immigration ; Epidemics ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-11
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 127089-8
    ISSN 2542-5641 ; 0366-6999 ; 1002-0187
    ISSN (online) 2542-5641
    ISSN 0366-6999 ; 1002-0187
    DOI 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000782
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

    Kotfis, Katarzyna / Williams Roberson, Shawniqua / Wilson, Jo Ellen / Dabrowski, Wojciech / Pun, Brenda T / Ely, E Wesley

    Critical care (London, England)

    2020  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 176

    Abstract: ... without family. Given early insights into the pathobiology of the virus, as well as the emerging interventions ... The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2-causing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), emerged ... which we know occurs whenever delirium is not monitored with a valid tool. Indeed, patients with COVID-19 are ...

    Abstract The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2-causing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), emerged as a public health threat in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Delirium, a dangerous untoward prognostic development, serves as a barometer of systemic injury in critical illness. The early reports of 25% encephalopathy from China are likely a gross underestimation, which we know occurs whenever delirium is not monitored with a valid tool. Indeed, patients with COVID-19 are at accelerated risk for delirium due to at least seven factors including (1) direct central nervous system (CNS) invasion, (2) induction of CNS inflammatory mediators, (3) secondary effect of other organ system failure, (4) effect of sedative strategies, (5) prolonged mechanical ventilation time, (6) immobilization, and (7) other needed but unfortunate environmental factors including social isolation and quarantine without family. Given early insights into the pathobiology of the virus, as well as the emerging interventions utilized to treat the critically ill patients, delirium prevention and management will prove exceedingly challenging, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). The main focus during the COVID-19 pandemic lies within organizational issues, i.e., lack of ventilators, shortage of personal protection equipment, resource allocation, prioritization of limited mechanical ventilation options, and end-of-life care. However, the standard of care for ICU patients, including delirium management, must remain the highest quality possible with an eye towards long-term survival and minimization of issues related to post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). This article discusses how ICU professionals (e.g., physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, pharmacologists) can use our knowledge and resources to limit the burden of delirium on patients by reducing modifiable risk factors despite the imposed heavy workload and difficult clinical challenges posed by the pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Delirium/etiology ; Delirium/therapy ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Safety
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2041406-7
    ISSN 1466-609X ; 1364-8535
    ISSN (online) 1466-609X
    ISSN 1364-8535
    DOI 10.1186/s13054-020-02882-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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