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Article: Ultrahigh-resolution OCT imaging of the human cornea.

Werkmeister, René M / Sapeta, Sabina / Schmidl, Doreen / Garhöfer, Gerhard / Schmidinger, Gerald / Aranha Dos Santos, Valentin / Aschinger, Gerold C / Baumgartner, Isabella / Pircher, Niklas / Schwarzhans, Florian / Pantalon, Anca / Dua, Harminder / Schmetterer, Leopold

Biomedical optics express

2017 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 1221–1239

Abstract: We present imaging of corneal pathologies using optical coherence tomography (OCT) with high ... practice, but can also help to gain novel insight in the physiology and pathophysiology of the human cornea. ... resolution. To this end, an ultrahigh-resolution spectral domain OCT (UHR-OCT) system based on a broad ...

Abstract	We present imaging of corneal pathologies using optical coherence tomography (OCT) with high resolution. To this end, an ultrahigh-resolution spectral domain OCT (UHR-OCT) system based on a broad bandwidth Ti:sapphire laser is employed. With a central wavelength of 800 nm, the imaging device allows to acquire OCT data at the central, paracentral and peripheral cornea as well as the limbal region with 1.2 µm x 20 µm (axial x lateral) resolution at a rate of 140 000 A-scans/s. Structures of the anterior segment of the eye, not accessible with commercial OCT systems, are visualized. These include corneal nerves, limbal palisades of Vogt as well as several corneal pathologies. Cases such as keratoconus and Fuchs's endothelial dystrophy as well as infectious changes caused by diseases like Acanthamoeba keratitis and scarring after herpetic keratitis are presented. We also demonstrate the applicability of our system to visualize epithelial erosion and intracorneal foreign body after corneal trauma as well as chemical burns. Finally, results after Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) are imaged. These clinical cases show the potential of UHR-OCT to help in clinical decision-making and follow-up. Our results and experience indicate that UHR-OCT of the cornea is a promising technique for the use in clinical practice, but can also help to gain novel insight in the physiology and pathophysiology of the human cornea.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2572216-5
ISSN	2156-7085
ISSN	2156-7085
DOI	10.1364/BOE.8.001221
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Article ; Online: Accurate In Vivo Bowman's Thickness Measurement Using Mirau Ultrahigh Axial Resolution Line Field Optical Coherence Tomography.

Lawman, Samuel / Mason, Sharon / Kaye, Stephen B / Shen, Yao-Chun / Zheng, Yalin

Translational vision science & technology

2022 Volume 11, Issue 8, Page(s) 6

Abstract: ... included in this study. An in vivo graph search image segmentation of the central cornea was obtained ... at the normal interface vector orientation. The Mirau-UHR-LF-SD-OCT system used has an axial resolution down ... limits of in vivo Mirau ultrahigh axial resolution (UHR) line field spectral domain (LF-SD ...

Abstract	Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy, repeatability, and performance limits of in vivo Mirau ultrahigh axial resolution (UHR) line field spectral domain (LF-SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the measurement of Bowman's and epithelial thickness, and to provide a reference range of these values for healthy corneas. Methods: Volunteers with no history and evidence of corneal disease were included in this study. An in vivo graph search image segmentation of the central cornea was obtained at the normal interface vector orientation. The Mirau-UHR-LF-SD-OCT system used has an axial resolution down to 2.4 µm in air (1.7 µm in tissue), with an A-scan speed of 204.8 kHz and a signal to noise ratio (sensitivity) of 69 (83) dB. Results: Nine volunteers were included, one of whom wore contact lenses. The repeatability of mean Bowman's and epithelial thicknesses were 0.3 and 1.0 µm, respectively. The measured 95% population range for healthy in vivo thickness was 13.7 to 19.6 µm for the Bowman's layer, and 41.9 to 61.8 µm for the epithelial layer. Conclusions: The measured thicknesses of Bowman's layer and the corneal epithelium using the Mirau-UHR-LF-SD-OCT were both accurate, with the range for healthy in vivo thicknesses matching prior confocal and OCT systems of varying axial resolutions, and repeatable, equaling the best value prior reported. Translational relevance: T1. Development of a commercially viable clinical UHR OCT technology, enabling accurate measurement and interpretation of Bowman's and epithelial layer thickness in clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Bowman Membrane/diagnostic imaging ; Contact Lenses ; Cornea/diagnostic imaging ; Epithelium, Corneal/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2674602-5
ISSN	2164-2591 ; 2164-2591
ISSN (online)	2164-2591
ISSN	2164-2591
DOI	10.1167/tvst.11.8.6
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Article ; Online: Mapping of corneal birefringence in thin and asymmetric keratoconus corneas with ultrahigh-resolution polarization-sensitive OCT.

Patil, Rahul / Shetty, Rohit / Narasimhan, Raghav / Patel, Yash / Khamar, Pooja / Pircher, Michael / Hitzenberger, Christoph K / Nuijts, Rudy M M A / Sinha Roy, Abhijit

Journal of cataract and refractive surgery

2022 Volume 48, Issue 8, Page(s) 929–936

Abstract: ... 3 eyes appeared as healthy because of normal corneal birefringence at the time of imaging ... All eyes were imaged with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), MS-39, and Corvis ... ST. Using PS-OCT, PR was analyzed in annular regions. The anterior (A-E) and Bowman (E-B) wavefront ...

Abstract	Purpose: To evaluate phase retardation (PR) across healthy eyes and eyes with thin corneas (<500 μm) and with asymmetric and bilateral keratoconus (KC). Setting: Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India. Design: Observational cross-sectional. Methods: There were 4 eye groups: healthy eyes (Group 1; n = 10 eyes), eyes with thin corneas and no clinical disease (Group 2; n = 10 eyes), eyes with asymmetric KC (Group 3; n = 5 eyes), and eyes with clinical KC (Group 4; n = 15 eyes). All eyes were imaged with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), MS-39, and Corvis-ST. Using PS-OCT, PR was analyzed in annular regions. The anterior (A-E) and Bowman (E-B) wavefront aberrations, epithelial Zernike indices (EZI), total corneal thickness, Corvis biomechanical index (CBI), total biomechanical index (TBI), and Belin-Ambrósio overall deviation index (BAD-D) were analyzed. Results: Only CBI, TBI, BAD-D, A-E and E-B aberrations, EZI, and total corneal thickness distributions of Groups 1 (n =10), 2 (n =10), and 3 (n =5) were similar ( P > .05) but not CCT ( P < .05). PR distributions clearly showed that the eyes in Groups 1, 2, and 3 had a normal corneal birefringence unlike Group 4 (n = 10) eyes ( P < .05). The PR map was similar to the preferred orientations of collagen fibers seen in X-ray diffraction ex vivo studies of corneal stroma. Conclusions: PR distributions may eliminate the uncertainty associated with the stromal status of thin and asymmetric KC corneas. Group 2 and 3 eyes appeared as healthy because of normal corneal birefringence at the time of imaging, but a longitudinal follow-up of these eyes with PS-OCT may assist in early detection of onset of disease.
MeSH term(s)	Birefringence ; Cornea ; Corneal Topography/methods ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; India ; Keratoconus/diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	632744-8
ISSN	1873-4502 ; 0886-3350
ISSN (online)	1873-4502
ISSN	0886-3350
DOI	10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000898
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Article ; Online: Ultrahigh-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography for analysis of corneal microarchitecture during wound healing.

Pantalon, Anca / Pfister, Martin / Aranha Dos Santos, Valentin / Sapeta, Sabina / Unterhuber, Angelika / Pircher, Niklas / Schmidinger, Gerald / Garhöfer, Gerhard / Schmidl, Doreen / Schmetterer, Leopold / Werkmeister, René M

Acta ophthalmologica

2019 Volume 97, Issue 5, Page(s) e761–e771

Abstract: ... thickness maps showed the time-course of corneal healing.: Conclusion: Ultrahigh-resolution (UHR)-OCT ... epithelial healing in human keratoconic cornea after epi-off crosslinking (CXL) procedure and a wound healing ... Purpose: To employ ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) optical coherence tomography (OCT) for investigation ...

Abstract	Purpose: To employ ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) optical coherence tomography (OCT) for investigation of the early wound healing process in corneal epithelium. Methods: A custom-built UHR-OCT system assessed epithelial healing in human keratoconic cornea after epi-off crosslinking (CXL) procedure and a wound healing model in rabbits with iatrogenic corneal injury. 3D OCT data sets enhanced obtaining epithelial thickness maps and evaluation of reepithelization stage. Accompanying changes in deeper corneal microarchitecture were analysed. Results: The mean central corneal thickness in 40 eyes with keratoconus at baseline was 482.7 ± 38.2 μm, while mean central epithelial thickness (CET) was 43.8 ± 6.4 μm. At the final visit 20 ± 5 days post-CXL procedure, CET was 35.0 ± 5.8 μm, significantly thinner after reepithelization (p < 0.001). Surgical success was assessed at the final visit through the demarcation line (DL), identified at 43.7 ± 13.5% stromal depth. In rabbits, the mean CET in 20 eyes at baseline was 35.9 ± 2.6 μm. In rabbits that revealed complete wound closure (10/20 eyes) at the last study day at 72 hr, CET was significantly thinner compared to baseline (30.4 ± 2.8 μm versus 35.4 ± 2.9 μm, p = 0.005). An intra-stromal landmark indicating early keratocyte apoptosis was measured at 30.0 ± 5.1% stromal depth. Epithelial thickness maps showed the time-course of corneal healing. Conclusion: Ultrahigh-resolution (UHR)-OCT provided precise assessment of epithelial wound and its healing by 3D-mapping. In addition, microarchitectural changes in the cornea in early phases of epithelial healing were revealed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Anterior Eye Segment/pathology ; Cornea/pathology ; Corneal Injuries/diagnosis ; Corneal Topography ; Disease Models, Animal ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Keratoconus/diagnosis ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Wound Healing
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2408333-1
ISSN	1755-3768 ; 1755-375X
ISSN (online)	1755-3768
ISSN	1755-375X
DOI	10.1111/aos.14053
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Article ; Online: Measurement of the Retention Time of Different Ophthalmic Formulations with Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography.

Gagliano, Caterina / Papa, Vincenzo / Amato, Roberta / Malaguarnera, Giulia / Avitabile, Teresio

Current eye research

2017 Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 499–502

Abstract: ... evaluated in 16 healthy subjects using an ultrahigh-resolution anterior segment spectral domain ... optical coherence tomography (OCT). All subjects randomly received both formulations of the FC (Netildex, SIFI, Italy). Central ... Purpose/aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to measure the pre-corneal retention time ...

Abstract	Purpose/aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to measure the pre-corneal retention time of two marketed formulations (eye drops and eye gel) of a steroid-antibiotic fixed combination (FC) containing 0.1% dexamethasone and 0.3% netilmicin. Materials and methods: Pre-corneal retention time was evaluated in 16 healthy subjects using an ultrahigh-resolution anterior segment spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). All subjects randomly received both formulations of the FC (Netildex, SIFI, Italy). Central tear film thickness (CTFT) was measured before instillation (time 0) and then after 1, 10, 20, 30, 40 50, 60 and 120 min. The pre-corneal retention time was calculated by plotting CTFT as a function of time. Differences between time points and groups were analyzed by Student's t-test. Results: CTFT increased significantly after the instillation of the eye gel formulation (p < 0.001). CTFT reached its maximum value 1 min after instillation and returned to baseline after 60 min. No effect on CTFT was observed after the instillation of eye drops. The difference between the two formulations was statistically significant at time 1 min (p < 0.0001), 10 min (p < 0.001) and 20 min (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The FC formulated as eye gel was retained on the ocular surface longer than the corresponding eye drop solution. Consequently, the use of the eye gel might extend the interval between instillations and decrease the frequency of administration.
MeSH term(s)	Cornea/metabolism ; Dexamethasone/analysis ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Netilmicin/analysis ; Ophthalmic Solutions/chemistry ; Surface Properties ; Tears/chemistry ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
Chemical Substances	Ophthalmic Solutions ; Netilmicin (4O5J85GJJB) ; Dexamethasone (7S5I7G3JQL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	82079-9
ISSN	1460-2202 ; 0271-3683
ISSN (online)	1460-2202
ISSN	0271-3683
DOI	10.1080/02713683.2017.1418893
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Article ; Online: In Vivo Imaging and Morphometry of the Human Pre-Descemet's Layer and Endothelium With Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography.

Bizheva, Kostadinka / Haines, Lacey / Mason, Erik / MacLellan, Benjamin / Tan, Bingyao / Hileeto, Denise / Sorbara, Luigina

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science

2016 Volume 57, Issue 6, Page(s) 2782–2787

Abstract: ... using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT).: Methods: A research-grade, 800-nm ... UHR-OCT system with 0.95-μm axial resolution in corneal tissue was used to image in vivo the posterior ... of the posterior cornea can be clearly visualized in vivo and their thicknesses measured precisely with UHR-OCT ...

Abstract	Purpose: To visualize in vivo and quantify the thickness of the posterior corneal layers: the acellular pre-Descemet's layer (PDL), Descemet's membrane (DM), and endothelium (END) in healthy subjects, using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT). Methods: A research-grade, 800-nm UHR-OCT system with 0.95-μm axial resolution in corneal tissue was used to image in vivo the posterior cornea in healthy subjects. The system offers approximately 98 dB sensitivity for 680 μW optical power incident on the cornea and 34,000 A-scans/s image acquisition rate. This study comprised 20 healthy subjects, aged 20 to 60 years. The thickness of the PDL, DM, and END layers was measured both with a custom, automatic segmentation algorithm and manually. Results: The boundaries and structure of the posterior corneal layers were clearly visible in the UHR-OCT images. The average thickness was measured to be 6.6 ± 1.4 μm (PDL), 10.4 ± 2.9 μm (DM), and 4.8 ± 0.4 μm (END), which agrees well with published data from ex vivo studies. Both the END and DM thickness showed minor spatial variations, whereas the PDL showed up to 2× thickness change for different locations on the same cross-sectional corneal image or over the entire imaged region of the cornea. Conclusions: Our data indicate that all three layers of the posterior cornea can be clearly visualized in vivo and their thicknesses measured precisely with UHR-OCT. Although the PDL thickness showed large spatial variations, the thickness of the DM and END layers was consistent over the entire imaged region of the cornea.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Algorithms ; Descemet Membrane/cytology ; Endothelium, Corneal/cytology ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2016--01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	391794-0
ISSN	1552-5783 ; 0146-0404
ISSN (online)	1552-5783
ISSN	0146-0404
DOI	10.1167/iovs.15-18936
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Article ; Online: Visualization of the precorneal tear film using ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography in dry eye.

Cui, Lele / Wang, Jianhua / Perez, Victor L / Shen, Meixiao / Yuan, Yimin / Wang, Michael R

Eye & contact lens

2012 Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 240–244

Abstract: ... resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT).: Methods: A custom-built UHR-OCT with ultrahigh ... resolution (~3 μm) was used to image the PCTF at the vertical meridian. Eighteen right eyes of 18 previously ... of PCTF in vivo in dry eye patients with UHR-OCT. Precorneal tear film can be directly visualized ...

Abstract	Purpose: To visualize the precorneal tear film (PCTF) in dry eye patients using ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT). Methods: A custom-built UHR-OCT with ultrahigh resolution (~3 μm) was used to image the PCTF at the vertical meridian. Eighteen right eyes of 18 previously diagnosed dry eye patients (9 men and 9 women, age, 47.8±20.7 years) with aqueous tear deficiency were studied. Images were taken during normal and delayed blinking. The visualized PCTF was measured directly. An indirect calculation was used to obtain the thickness in cases where the PCTF could not be visualized. Results: During normal blinking, the PCTF was visualized in 5 of 18 eyes (27.8%) with an average PCTF thickness of 5.8 μm (SD, 1.3 μm). During delayed blinking, the PCTF was visualized in 11 eyes (61.1%) with a significantly increased average thickness of 7.3 μm (SD, 0.9 μm; P<0.05). The percent increase of the visualized PCTF thickness was higher during delayed blinking compared with normal blinking (χ test, P<0.05). The averaged PCTF was 4.4 μm during normal blinking, and the PCTF thickness was significantly increased to 6.6 μm (SD, 2.9 μm; P<0.05) during delayed blinking. Conclusions: We report the first visualization of PCTF in vivo in dry eye patients with UHR-OCT. Precorneal tear film can be directly visualized in some eyes during both normal and delayed blinking, and it seemed thicker during delayed blinking compared with normal blinking.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Blinking ; Cornea ; Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tears ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/instrumentation ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-06-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2103049-2
ISSN	1542-233X ; 1542-2321
ISSN (online)	1542-233X
ISSN	1542-2321
DOI	10.1097/ICL.0b013e318257a108
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Article ; Online: Monitor corneal epithelial healing under bandage contact lens using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography after pterygium surgery.

Chen, Ding / Lian, Yan / Li, Jin / Ma, Yingjie / Shen, Meixiao / Lu, Fan

Eye & contact lens

2014 Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) 175–180

Abstract: ... as a control. Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography scans of the cornea were performed sequentially ... the architectural features of postoperative cornea with BCL in situ and showed epithelial healing process. Ultrahigh ... without any contact lens-related complications. Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence images clearly revealed ...

Abstract	Objective: To monitor corneal epithelial healing under bandage contact lens (BCL) using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) after pterygium surgery. Methods: Thirty-nine eyes of 39 patients undergoing pterygium excision and conjunctival autografting were randomly allocated into 2 groups: 20 eyes were covered with silicone hydrogel BCLs at the end of surgery and 19 eyes served as a control. Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography scans of the cornea were performed sequentially at 1, 2, and 3 days, and then every other day until the end of re-epithelialization after surgery. Complete epithelial healing was verified with fluorescein staining examination after removal of BCLs. Postsurgery pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale. Results: All BCLs were successfully fit without any contact lens-related complications. Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence images clearly revealed the architectural features of postoperative cornea with BCL in situ and showed epithelial healing process. Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging agreed with the fluorescein staining examinations in detecting corneal epithelial defect. Based on the assessment by UHR-OCT, the average time course of re-epithelialization in the BCL group was 3.9±1.2 days, whereas in the control group, it was 5.7±1.8 days (P=0.001). Visual analog scale scoring showed lower pain levels in the BCL group comparing with the control group at each point of time (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography is an excellent tool in monitoring corneal epithelial healing under BCLs and determining the appropriate time for lens removal. Silicone hydrogel BCL is recommended as an adjuvant therapy after pterygium surgery for its efficacy in improving re-epithelialization and postoperative comfort.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic ; Corneal Diseases/etiology ; Corneal Diseases/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogels ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Pterygium/pathology ; Pterygium/surgery ; Re-Epithelialization ; Silicone Gels ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Wound Healing
Chemical Substances	Hydrogels ; Silicone Gels
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2103049-2
ISSN	1542-233X ; 1542-2321
ISSN (online)	1542-233X
ISSN	1542-2321
DOI	10.1097/ICL.0000000000000027
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Article ; Online: Broadband superluminescent diode-based ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography for ophthalmic imaging.

Zhu, Dexi / Shen, Meixiao / Jiang, Hong / Li, Ming / Wang, Michael R / Wang, Yuhong / Ge, Lili / Qu, Jia / Wang, Jianhua

Journal of biomedical optics

2011 Volume 16, Issue 12, Page(s) 126006

Abstract: ... by the spectrometer designed. The ultrahigh-resolution SD-OCT system was employed to image the human cornea and retina ... with a cross-section image of 2048 × 2048 pixels. Our research demonstrated that ultrahigh -resolution SD-OCT ... to measure precise structures in the context of ophthalmic imaging. We designed an ultrahigh resolution SD ...

Abstract	Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with ultrahigh resolution can be used to measure precise structures in the context of ophthalmic imaging. We designed an ultrahigh resolution SD-OCT system based on broadband superluminescent diode (SLD) as the light source. An axial resolution of 2.2 μm in tissue, a scan depth of 1.48 mm, and a high sensitivity of 93 dB were achieved by the spectrometer designed. The ultrahigh-resolution SD-OCT system was employed to image the human cornea and retina with a cross-section image of 2048 × 2048 pixels. Our research demonstrated that ultrahigh -resolution SD-OCT can be achieved using broadband SLD in a simple way.
MeSH term(s)	Cornea/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Ophthalmoscopy/methods ; Retina/anatomy & histology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-12-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1309154-2
ISSN	1560-2281 ; 1083-3668
ISSN (online)	1560-2281
ISSN	1083-3668
DOI	10.1117/1.3660314
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Article ; Online: Automated detection and cell density assessment of keratocytes in the human corneal stroma from ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomograms.

Karimi, Amir-Hossein / Wong, Alexander / Bizheva, Kostadinka

Biomedical optics express

2011 Volume 2, Issue 10, Page(s) 2905–2916

Abstract: ... optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) images of the human corneal stroma is presented. The corneal OCT data is first processed ... from confocal microscopy images of human cornea. ... images of the human corneal stroma, acquired in-vivo. The cell density results obtained using ...

Abstract	Keratocytes are fibroblast-like cells that maintain the optical clarity and the overall health of the cornea. The ability to measure precisely their density and spatial distribution in the cornea is important for the understanding of corneal healing processes and the diagnostics of some corneal disorders. A novel computerized approach to detection and counting of keratocyte cells from ultra high resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) images of the human corneal stroma is presented. The corneal OCT data is first processed using a state-of-the-art despeckling algorithm to reduce the effect of speckle on detection accuracy. A thresholding strategy is then employed to allow for improved delineation of keratocyte cells by suppressing similarly shaped features in the data, followed by a second-order moment analysis to identify potential cell nuclei candidates. Finally, a local extrema strategy is used to refine the candidates to determine the locations and the number of keratocyte cells. Cell density distribution analysis was carried in 3D UHR-OCT images of the human corneal stroma, acquired in-vivo. The cell density results obtained using the proposed novel approach correlate well with previous work on computerized keratocyte cell counting from confocal microscopy images of human cornea.
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2572216-5
ISSN	2156-7085 ; 2156-7085
ISSN (online)	2156-7085
ISSN	2156-7085
DOI	10.1364/BOE.2.002905
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