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Article ; Online: COVID-19: Imbalanced Immune Responses and Potential Immunotherapies.

Xie, Bing / Zhang, Jiancheng / Li, Yuwen / Yuan, Shiying / Shang, You

2021 Volume 11, Page(s) 607583

Abstract: ... understanding of the immunological processes underlying COVID-19 could facilitate rapidly identifying and ... immunotherapies for COVID-19, including IL-6R blockades, convalescent plasma, intravenous gamma globulin, thymosin ... on current immunological evidence, we describe potential immune mechanisms and discuss promising ...

Abstract	The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly spreading and has resulted in grievous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the high infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2, the majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms and could eventually recover as a result of their balanced immune function. On the contrary, immuno-compromised patients are prone to progress into severe or critical types underpinned by the entanglement of an overexuberant proinflammatory response and injured immune function. Therefore, well-coordinated innate and adaptive immune systems are pivotal to viral eradication and tissue repair. An in-depth understanding of the immunological processes underlying COVID-19 could facilitate rapidly identifying and choosing optimal immunotherapy for patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, based on current immunological evidence, we describe potential immune mechanisms and discuss promising immunotherapies for COVID-19, including IL-6R blockades, convalescent plasma, intravenous gamma globulin, thymosin alpha1, corticosteroids, and type-I interferon, and recent advances in the development of COVID-19 vaccines.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/immunology ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2020.607583
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The COVID-19 vaccines and menstrual disorders.

Al-Furaydi, A / Alrobaish, S A / Al-Sowayan, N

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences

2023 Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) 1185–1191

Abstract: ... throughout clinical trials. According to other research, COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual disorders have no discernible ... about menstruation disturbances following the first and second doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in a population-based cohort of adult ... of the relationship between them and the immune response. Such reasons will help prevent hormonal imbalances and ...

Abstract	Objective: The COVID-19 vaccination has been linked to numerous reports of menstrual disorders as potential side effects. However, menstrual cycle results after vaccination were not collected throughout clinical trials. According to other research, COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual disorders have no discernible connection, and menstrual disorders are temporary. Subjects and methods: We asked questions about menstruation disturbances following the first and second doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in a population-based cohort of adult Saudi women to determine whether the vaccination is linked to menstrual cycle irregularities. Results: According to the results, 63.9% of women experienced variations in their menstrual cycle either after the first or second dose. Such results show that COVID-19 vaccination impacts women's menstrual cycles. However, there is no need for concern because the alterations are relatively minor, and the menstrual cycle usually returns to normal within two months. Additionally, there are no obvious distinctions between the various vaccine types or body mass. Conclusions: Our findings support and explain the self-reports of menstrual cycle variations. We have discussed reasons for these problems that describe the mechanism of the relationship between them and the immune response. Such reasons will help prevent hormonal imbalances and the influence of therapies and immunizations on the reproductive system.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines/pharmacology ; COVID-19 ; Menstruation Disturbances ; Menstrual Cycle
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605550-3
ISSN	2284-0729 ; 1128-3602 ; 0392-291X
ISSN (online)	2284-0729
ISSN	1128-3602 ; 0392-291X
DOI	10.26355/eurrev_202302_31225
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Article ; Online: Obesity and COVID-19

Andreas Ritter / Nina-Naomi Kreis / Frank Louwen / Juping Yuan

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 5793, p

Molecular Mechanisms Linking both Pandemics

2020 Volume 5793

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide and is becoming ... the COVID-19 disease. We have summarized recent studies and addressed the impact of obesity on COVID-19 ... mechanisms and individuals with obesity belong to the COVID-19-susceptible population requiring more ...

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide and is becoming a major public health crisis. Increasing evidence demonstrates a strong correlation between obesity and the COVID-19 disease. We have summarized recent studies and addressed the impact of obesity on COVID-19 in terms of hospitalization, severity, mortality, and patient outcome. We discuss the potential molecular mechanisms whereby obesity contributes to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In addition to obesity-related deregulated immune response, chronic inflammation, endothelium imbalance, metabolic dysfunction, and its associated comorbidities, dysfunctional mesenchymal stem cells/adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells may also play crucial roles in fueling systemic inflammation contributing to the cytokine storm and promoting pulmonary fibrosis causing lung functional failure, characteristic of severe COVID-19. Moreover, obesity may also compromise motile cilia on airway epithelial cells and impair functioning of the mucociliary escalators, reducing the clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Obese diseased adipose tissues overexpress the receptors and proteases for the SARS-CoV-2 entry, implicating its possible roles as virus reservoir and accelerator reinforcing violent systemic inflammation and immune response. Finally, anti-inflammatory cytokines like anti-interleukin 6 and administration of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells may serve as potential immune modulatory therapies for supportively combating COVID-19. Obesity is conversely related to the development of COVID-19 through numerous molecular mechanisms and individuals with obesity belong to the COVID-19-susceptible population requiring more protective measures.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; obesity ; adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells ; cytokine storm ; immune response ; inflammation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; covid19
Subject code	616 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Obesity and COVID-19

Ritter, Andreas / Kreis, Nina-Naomi / Louwen, Frank / Yuan, Juping

molecular mechanisms linking both pandemics

2020

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide and is becoming a major public health crisis. Increasing evidence demonstrates a strong correlation between obesity and the COVID-19 disease. We have summarized recent studies and addressed the impact of obesity on COVID-19 in terms of hospitalization, severity, mortality, and patient outcome. We discuss the potential molecular mechanisms whereby obesity contributes to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In addition to obesity-related deregulated immune response, chronic inflammation, endothelium imbalance, metabolic dysfunction, and its associated comorbidities, dysfunctional mesenchymal stem cells/adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells may also play crucial roles in fueling systemic inflammation contributing to the cytokine storm and promoting pulmonary fibrosis causing lung functional failure, characteristic of severe COVID-19. Moreover, obesity may also compromise motile cilia on airway epithelial cells and impair functioning of the mucociliary escalators, reducing the clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Obese diseased adipose tissues overexpress the receptors and proteases for the SARS-CoV-2 entry, implicating its possible roles as virus reservoir and accelerator reinforcing violent systemic inflammation and immune response. Finally, anti-inflammatory cytokines like anti-interleukin 6 and administration of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells may serve as potential immune modulatory therapies for supportively combating COVID-19. Obesity is conversely related to the development of COVID-19 through numerous molecular mechanisms and individuals with obesity belong to the COVID-19-susceptible population requiring more protective measures.
Keywords	ddc:610 ; covid19
Subject code	616 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-12
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate inflammatory macrophages: A paradigm shift from antibiotics to immunotherapy for mitigating COVID-19 pandemic.

Kumar, Vikram / Yasmeen, Nusrath / Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad / Alawam, Abdullah S / Al-Zharani, Mohammed / Suliman Basher, Nosiba / Harikrishnan, S / Goud, Muddapuram Deeksha / Pandey, Aishwarya / Lakhawat, Sudarshan Singh / Sharma, Pushpender Kumar

Frontiers in molecular biosciences

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1104577

Abstract: ... of severity of the disease and was deemed one of the causes of the high mortality rates due to the COVID-19 ... responses. SPMs facilitate the clearance of injured tissue and cell debris, the removal of pathogens, and ... The most severe clinical manifestations of the horrifying COVID-19 disease, that claimed millions ...

Abstract	The most severe clinical manifestations of the horrifying COVID-19 disease, that claimed millions of lives during the pandemic time, were Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Coagulopathies, septic shock leading eventually to death. ARDS was a consequence of Cytokine storm. The viral SARS-COV2infection lead to avalanche of cytokines and eicosanoids causing "cytokine storm" and "eicosanoid storm." Cytokine storm is one of the macrophage-derived inflammatory responses triggered by binding of virus particles to ACE2 receptors of alveolar macrophages, arise mainly due to over production of various pro-inflammatory mediators like cytokines, e.g., interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α, causing pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress, and multi-organ failure. Cytokine storm was regarded as the predictor of severity of the disease and was deemed one of the causes of the high mortality rates due to the COVID-19. The basis of cytokine storm is imbalanced switching between an inflammation increasing - pro-inflammatory (M1) and an inflammation regulating-anti-inflammatory (M2) forms of alveolar macrophages which further deteriorates if opportunistic secondary bacterial infections prevail in the lungs. Lack of sufficient knowledge regarding the virus and its influence on co-morbidities, clinical treatment of the diseases included exorbitant use of antibiotics to mitigate secondary bacterial infections, which led to the unwarranted development of multidrug resistance (MDR) among the population across the globe. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) needs to be addressed from various perspectives as it may deprive future generations of the basic health immunity. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are generated from the stereoselective enzymatic conversions of essential fatty acids that serve as immune resolvents in controlling acute inflammatory responses. SPMs facilitate the clearance of injured tissue and cell debris, the removal of pathogens, and augment the concentration of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. The SPMs, e.g., lipoxins, protectins, and resolvins have been implicated in exerting inhibitory influence on with cytokine storm. Experimental evidence suggests that SPMS lower antibiotic requirement. Therefore, in this review potential roles of SPMs in enhancing macrophage polarization, triggering immunological functions, hastening inflammation resolution, subsiding cytokine storm and decreasing antibiotic requirement that can reduce AMR load are discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2814330-9
ISSN	2296-889X
ISSN	2296-889X
DOI	10.3389/fmolb.2023.1104577
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Article ; Online: Macrophage responses associated with COVID-19

Booz, George W. / Altara, Raffaele / Eid, Ali H. / Wehbe, Zena / Fares, Souha / Zaraket, Hassan / Habeichi, Nada J. / Zouein, Fouad A.

A pharmacological perspective

2020

Abstract: ... and thrombocytopenia are potential consequences as well. In the case of COVID-19, the cytokine storm ... COVID-19 has caused worldwide death and economic destruction. The pandemic is the result ... A particularly insidious aspect of COVID-19 is the delayed overactivation of the body's immune system that is ...

Abstract	COVID-19 has caused worldwide death and economic destruction. The pandemic is the result of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has demonstrated high rates of infectivity leading to great morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations. At present, scientists are exploring various approaches to curb this pandemic and alleviate its health consequences, while racing to develop a vaccine. A particularly insidious aspect of COVID-19 is the delayed overactivation of the body's immune system that is manifested as the cytokine storm. This unbridled production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can directly or indirectly cause massive organ damage and failure. Systemic vascular endothelial inflammation and thrombocytopenia are potential consequences as well. In the case of COVID-19, the cytokine storm often fits the pattern of the macrophage activation syndrome with lymphocytopenia. The basis for the imbalance between the innate and adaptive immune systems is not clearly defined, but highlights the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages. Here we discuss the potential underlying basis for the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages, both direct and indirect, and potential therapeutic targets. These include granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferons, and CXCL10 (IP-10). Various biopharmaceuticals are being repurposed to target the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. In addition, we discuss the rationale for activating the macrophage alpha 7 nicotinic receptors as a therapeutic target. A better understanding of the molecular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection of macrophages could lead to novel and more effective treatments for COVID-19.
Keywords	Biologicals ; Cytokine storm ; Immunomodulation therapy ; Immunopharmacology ; Macrophage activation syndrome ; Pandemic ; covid19
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-15
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing country	qa
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Obesity and COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Both Pandemics.

Ritter, Andreas / Kreis, Nina-Naomi / Louwen, Frank / Yuan, Juping

International journal of molecular sciences

2020 Volume 21, Issue 16

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide and is becoming a major public health crisis. Increasing evidence demonstrates a strong correlation between obesity and the COVID-19 disease. We have summarized recent studies and addressed the impact of obesity on COVID-19 in terms of hospitalization, severity, mortality, and patient outcome. We discuss the potential molecular mechanisms whereby obesity contributes to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In addition to obesity-related deregulated immune response, chronic inflammation, endothelium imbalance, metabolic dysfunction, and its associated comorbidities, dysfunctional mesenchymal stem cells/adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells may also play crucial roles in fueling systemic inflammation contributing to the cytokine storm and promoting pulmonary fibrosis causing lung functional failure, characteristic of severe COVID-19. Moreover, obesity may also compromise motile cilia on airway epithelial cells and impair functioning of the mucociliary escalators, reducing the clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Obese diseased adipose tissues overexpress the receptors and proteases for the SARS-CoV-2 entry, implicating its possible roles as virus reservoir and accelerator reinforcing violent systemic inflammation and immune response. Finally, anti-inflammatory cytokines like anti-interleukin 6 and administration of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells may serve as potential immune modulatory therapies for supportively combating COVID-19. Obesity is conversely related to the development of COVID-19 through numerous molecular mechanisms and individuals with obesity belong to the COVID-19-susceptible population requiring more protective measures.
MeSH term(s)	Adipocytes/metabolism ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Cytokines/genetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Humans ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/immunology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
Chemical Substances	Cytokines
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms21165793
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Obesity and COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Both Pandemics

Ritter, Andreas / Kreis, Nina-Naomi / Louwen, Frank / Yuan, Juping

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide and is becoming a major public health crisis. Increasing evidence demonstrates a strong correlation between obesity and the COVID-19 disease. We have summarized recent studies and addressed the impact of obesity on COVID-19 in terms of hospitalization, severity, mortality, and patient outcome. We discuss the potential molecular mechanisms whereby obesity contributes to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In addition to obesity-related deregulated immune response, chronic inflammation, endothelium imbalance, metabolic dysfunction, and its associated comorbidities, dysfunctional mesenchymal stem cells/adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells may also play crucial roles in fueling systemic inflammation contributing to the cytokine storm and promoting pulmonary fibrosis causing lung functional failure, characteristic of severe COVID-19. Moreover, obesity may also compromise motile cilia on airway epithelial cells and impair functioning of the mucociliary escalators, reducing the clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Obese diseased adipose tissues overexpress the receptors and proteases for the SARS-CoV-2 entry, implicating its possible roles as virus reservoir and accelerator reinforcing violent systemic inflammation and immune response. Finally, anti-inflammatory cytokines like anti-interleukin 6 and administration of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells may serve as potential immune modulatory therapies for supportively combating COVID-19. Obesity is conversely related to the development of COVID-19 through numerous molecular mechanisms and individuals with obesity belong to the COVID-19-susceptible population requiring more protective measures.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #717744
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: COVID-19: Imbalanced Immune Responses and Potential Immunotherapies.

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Article ; Online: The COVID-19 vaccines and menstrual disorders.

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Article ; Online: Obesity and COVID-19

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Article ; Online: Obesity and COVID-19

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Article: Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate inflammatory macrophages: A paradigm shift from antibiotics to immunotherapy for mitigating COVID-19 pandemic.

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Article ; Online: Macrophage responses associated with COVID-19

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Article ; Online: Obesity and COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Both Pandemics.

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Article: Obesity and COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Both Pandemics

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