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  1. Article ; Online: Tacrolimus Use and COVID-19 Infection in Patients After Solid Organ Transplantation.

    Yin, Saifu / Wang, Xianding / Song, Turun

    Gastroenterology

    2021  Volume 161, Issue 2, Page(s) 728–730.e1

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects ; Organ Transplantation/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tacrolimus/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Immunosuppressive Agents ; Tacrolimus (WM0HAQ4WNM)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80112-4
    ISSN 1528-0012 ; 0016-5085
    ISSN (online) 1528-0012
    ISSN 0016-5085
    DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.01.223
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Tacrolimus toxicity due to enzyme inhibition from ritonavir.

    Snee, Isabel / Drobina, Joshua / Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann

    The American journal of emergency medicine

    2023  Volume 69, Page(s) 218.e5–218.e7

    Abstract: Tacrolimus is commonly used for immunosuppression in patients following solid organ transplantation ... For transplant patients with COVID-19 infection, early treatment is indicated due to the risk of progression ... inability to walk. She had been recently diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and was prescribed nirmatrelvir ...

    Abstract Tacrolimus is commonly used for immunosuppression in patients following solid organ transplantation. For transplant patients with COVID-19 infection, early treatment is indicated due to the risk of progression to severe disease. However, the first line agent, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, has multiple drug-drug interactions. We report a case of tacrolimus toxicity in a patient with a history of renal transplant due to enzyme inhibition related to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. An 85-year-old woman with a history of multiple comorbidities presented to the emergency department (ED) with weakness, increasing confusion, poor oral intake, and inability to walk. She had been recently diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and was prescribed nirmatrelvir/ritonavir due to her underlying comorbidities and immune suppression. In the ED, she was dehydrated and had an acute kidney injury (creatinine 2.1 mg/dL, up from a baseline of 0.8 mg/dL). The tacrolimus concentration on initial labs was 143 ng/mL (5-20 ng/mL) and it continued to rise despite being held, to a peak of 189 ng/mL on hospital day 3. The patient was treated with phenytoin for enzyme induction and the tacrolimus concentration began to fall. She was discharged to a rehabilitation facility after a 17 day hospitalization. ED physicians must be cognizant of drug-drug interactions when prescribing nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and evaluating patients recently treated with the drug to identify toxicity due to these interactions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ritonavir/adverse effects ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Tacrolimus/adverse effects ; Antiviral Agents
    Chemical Substances Ritonavir (O3J8G9O825) ; nirmatrelvir (7R9A5P7H32) ; Tacrolimus (WM0HAQ4WNM) ; Antiviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 605890-5
    ISSN 1532-8171 ; 0735-6757
    ISSN (online) 1532-8171
    ISSN 0735-6757
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.04.045
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir Use With Tacrolimus in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Single-center Case Series.

    Dewey, Katherine W / Yen, Bo / Lazo, Jose / Seijo, Leslie / Jariwala, Ripal / Shah, Rupal J / Quan, David / Carpenter, Bethanne / Paul Singer, Jonathan / Breen, Karen / Hays, Steven / Florez, Rebecca

    Transplantation

    2022  Volume 107, Issue 5, Page(s) 1200–1205

    Abstract: ... of completing nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy and maintain therapeutic levels of tacrolimus. No patients ... of therapeutic drug monitoring and tacrolimus dose following completion of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in the solid ... severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection stabilized on tacrolimus immunosuppression. All patients stopped ...

    Abstract Background: Limited data and guidelines exist for using nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in solid organ transplant recipients stabilized on tacrolimus for the treatment of mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease. Concern exists regarding the impact of utilizing a 5-d course of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir with calcineurin inhibitors because of significant drug-drug interactions between ritonavir, a potent cytochrome P450 3A inhibitor, and other cytochrome P450 3A substrates, such as tacrolimus.
    Methods: We report the successful use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in 12 outpatient lung transplant recipients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection stabilized on tacrolimus immunosuppression. All patients stopped tacrolimus and started nirmatrelvir/ritonavir 10 to 14 h after the last dose of tacrolimus. Tacrolimus was withheld and then reinitiated at a modified dose 48 h following the completion of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy. Tacrolimus trough levels were checked during nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy and tacrolimus reinitiation.
    Results: Ten (10/12) patients were able to resume their original tacrolimus dose within 4 d of completing nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy and maintain therapeutic levels of tacrolimus. No patients experienced tacrolimus toxicity or acute rejection during the 30-d postcompletion of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy.
    Conclusions: In this cohort of lung transplant recipients on tacrolimus, we demonstrated that nirmatrelvir/ritonavir can be safely used with close monitoring of tacrolimus levels and appropriate dose adjustments of tacrolimus. Further confirmatory studies are needed to determine the appropriate use of therapeutic drug monitoring and tacrolimus dose following completion of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in the solid organ transplant population.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Tacrolimus ; Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects ; Ritonavir/therapeutic use ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; Transplant Recipients ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Lung
    Chemical Substances Tacrolimus (WM0HAQ4WNM) ; nirmatrelvir (7R9A5P7H32) ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Ritonavir (O3J8G9O825) ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A (EC 1.14.14.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208424-7
    ISSN 1534-6080 ; 0041-1337
    ISSN (online) 1534-6080
    ISSN 0041-1337
    DOI 10.1097/TP.0000000000004394
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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