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Article ; Online: Community -and hospital laboratory-based surveillance for respiratory viruses.

Zachariah, Philip / Whittier, Susan / Reed, Carrie / LaRussa, Philip / Larson, Elaine L / Vargas, Celibell Y / Saiman, Lisa / Stockwell, Melissa S

Influenza and other respiratory viruses

2016 Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) 361–366

Abstract: ... hospital laboratory-based surveillance for most respiratory viruses, although the relative proportions of viruses ... Traditional surveillance for respiratory viruses relies on symptom detection and laboratory ... This study compares respiratory viral activity detected through longitudinal community-based surveillance ...

Abstract	Traditional surveillance for respiratory viruses relies on symptom detection and laboratory detection during medically attended encounters for acute respiratory infection/influenza-like illness (ARI/ILI). Ecological momentary reporting using text messages is a novel method for surveillance. This study compares respiratory viral activity detected through longitudinal community-based surveillance using text message responses for sample acquisition and testing to respiratory viral activity obtained from hospital laboratory data from the same community. We demonstrate a significant correlation between community- and hospital laboratory-based surveillance for most respiratory viruses, although the relative proportions of viruses detected in the community and hospital differed significantly.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Laboratories, Hospital ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Text Messaging
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2274538-5
ISSN	1750-2659 ; 1750-2640
ISSN (online)	1750-2659
ISSN	1750-2640
DOI	10.1111/irv.12387
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Article ; Online: Electronic Health Record-Based Surveillance for Community Transmitted COVID-19 in the Emergency Department.

Pulia, Michael S / Hekman, Daniel J / Glazer, Joshua M / Barclay-Buchanan, Ciara / Kuehnel, Nicholas / Ross, Joshua / Sharp, Brian / Batt, Robert / Patterson, Brian W

The western journal of emergency medicine

2020 Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 748–751

Abstract: Introduction: SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, manifests as a respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) and ... This involved optimizing the identification of acute respiratory infection (ARI)-related encounters and ... community transmission early in the pandemic, we aimed to develop a surveillance tool using readily ...

Abstract	Introduction: SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, manifests as a respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) and is the cause of an ongoing pandemic. The response to COVID-19 in the United States has been hampered by an overall lack of diagnostic testing capacity. To address uncertainty about ongoing levels of SARS-CoV-2 community transmission early in the pandemic, we aimed to develop a surveillance tool using readily available emergency department (ED) operations data extracted from the electronic health record (EHR). This involved optimizing the identification of acute respiratory infection (ARI)-related encounters and then comparing metrics for these encounters before and after the confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 community transmission. Methods: We performed an observational study using operational EHR data from two Midwest EDs with a combined annual census of over 80,000. Data were collected three weeks before and after the first confirmed case of local SARS-CoV-2 community transmission. To optimize capture of ARI cases, we compared various metrics including chief complaint, discharge diagnoses, and ARI-related orders. Operational metrics for ARI cases, including volume, pathogen identification, and illness severity, were compared between the preand post-community transmission timeframes using chi-square tests of independence. Results: Compared to our combined definition of ARI, chief complaint, discharge diagnoses, and isolation orders individually identified less than half of the cases. Respiratory pathogen testing was the top performing individual ARI definition but still only identified 72.2% of cases. From the pre to post periods, we observed significant increases in ED volumes due to ARI and ARI cases without identified pathogen. Conclusion: Certain methods for identifying ARI cases in the ED may be inadequate and multiple criteria should be used to optimize capture. In the absence of widely available SARS-CoV-2 testing, operational metrics for ARI-related encounters, especially the proportion of cases involving negative pathogen testing, are useful indicators for active surveillance of potential COVID-19 related ED visits.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Electronic Health Records ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2375700-0
ISSN	1936-9018 ; 1936-9018
ISSN (online)	1936-9018
ISSN	1936-9018
DOI	10.5811/westjem.2020.5.47606
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Article ; Online: Systematic community- and hospital-based surveillance for enterovirus-D68 in three Canadian provinces, August to December 2014.

Skowronski, Danuta M / Chambers, Catharine / Sabaiduc, Suzana / Murti, Michelle / Gustafson, Reka / Pollock, Sue / Hoyano, Dee / Rempel, Shirley / Allison, Sandra / De Serres, Gaston / Dickinson, James A / Tellier, Raymond / Fonseca, Kevin / Drews, Steven J / Martineau, Christine / Reyes-Domingo, Francesca / Wong, Tom / Tang, Patrick / Krajden, Mel

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

2015 Volume 20, Issue 43

Abstract: ... provinces (British Columbia (BC), Alberta and Quebec) participating in a community-based ... surveillance was also conducted on all inpatient and outpatient EV-D68 cases (n=211) detected at the BC ... and five exhibited neurological features persisting >9 months. Active surveillance in outpatient and ...

Abstract	Respiratory specimens collected from outpatients with influenza-like illness in three Canadian provinces (British Columbia (BC), Alberta and Quebec) participating in a community-based sentinel surveillance network were prospectively screened for enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) from 1 August to 31 December 2014 and compared to specimens collected from 1 October 2013 to 31 July 2014. Eighteen (1%) of 1,894 specimens were EV-D68-positive: 1/348 (0.3%) collected from October to December 2013 and 11/460 (2.4%) from October to December 2014, an eight-fold increase in detection rates (p=0.01), consistent with epidemic circulation in autumn 2014. The remaining EV-D68 detections were in September 2014 (6/37). Enhanced passive surveillance was also conducted on all inpatient and outpatient EV-D68 cases (n=211) detected at the BC provincial reference laboratory from 28 August to 31 December 2014. Incidence of hospitalisations was 3/100,000 overall and 21, 17, 4 and 1/100,000 among those<5, 5-9, 10-19 and ≥20-years-old with male-to-female ratios>1 among paediatric but not adult cases. Three cases in BC with comorbidity or co-infection died and five exhibited neurological features persisting >9 months. Active surveillance in outpatient and inpatient settings is needed from more areas and additional seasons to better understand EV-D68 epidemiology and potential at-risk groups for severe or unusual manifestations.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Canada/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enterovirus D, Human/genetics ; Enterovirus D, Human/isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections/diagnosis ; Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology ; Enterovirus Infections/virology ; Female ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Laboratories, Hospital ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phylogeny ; Prospective Studies ; Residence Characteristics ; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Seasons ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2015
Publishing country	Sweden
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1338803-4
ISSN	1560-7917 ; 1025-496X
ISSN (online)	1560-7917
ISSN	1025-496X
DOI	10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.43.30047
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Article ; Online: Burden of seasonal and pandemic influenza-associated hospitalization during and after 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic in a rural community in India.

Chadha, Mandeep S / Hirve, Siddhivinayak / Dawood, Fatimah S / Lele, Pallavi / Deoshatwar, Avinash / Sambhudas, Somnath / Juvekar, Sanjay / LaFond, Kathryn E / Mott, Joshua A / Lal, Renu B / Mishra, Akhilesh C

PloS one

2013 Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) e55918

Abstract: ... estimates from facility-based surveillance.: Results: Among 9,426 hospitalizations, 3,391 (36%) patients ... hospitalization in a rural community following the emergence of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in India. During peak periods ... remains unknown. We conducted a population-based study to estimate the incidence of laboratory confirmed ...

Abstract	Background: Influenza is vaccine-preventable; however, the burden of severe influenza in India remains unknown. We conducted a population-based study to estimate the incidence of laboratory confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations in a rural community in western India. Methods: We conducted active surveillance for hospitalized patients with acute medical illnesses or acute chronic disease exacerbations in Pune during pandemic and post pandemic periods (May 2009-April 2011). Nasal and throat swabs were tested for influenza viruses. A community health utilization survey estimated the proportion of residents hospitalized with respiratory illness at non-study facilities and was used to adjust incidence estimates from facility-based surveillance. Results: Among 9,426 hospitalizations, 3,391 (36%) patients were enrolled; 665 of 3,179 (20.9%) tested positive for influenza. Of 665 influenza positives, 340 (51%) were pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 and 327 (49%) were seasonal, including A/H3 (16%), A/H1 (3%) and influenza B (30%). The proportion of patients with influenza peaked during August 2009 (39%) and 2010 (42%). The adjusted annual incidence of influenza hospitalizations was 46.8/10,000 during pandemic and 40.5/10,000 during post-pandemic period with comparable incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09 during both periods (18.8 and 20.3, respectively). The incidence of both pH1N1 and seasonal hospitalized influenza disease was highest in the 5-29 year olds. Conclusions: We document the previously unrecognized burden of influenza hospitalization in a rural community following the emergence of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in India. During peak periods of influenza activity circulation i.e during the monsoon period, 20% of all hospital admissions in the community had influenza positivity. These findings can inform development of influenza prevention and control strategies in India.
MeSH term(s)	Hospitalization ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Rural Population ; Seasons
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-05-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0055918
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Article ; Online: Burden of seasonal and pandemic influenza-associated hospitalization during and after 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic in a rural community in India.

Mandeep S Chadha / Siddhivinayak Hirve / Fatimah S Dawood / Pallavi Lele / Avinash Deoshatwar / Somnath Sambhudas / Sanjay Juvekar / Kathryn E LaFond / Joshua A Mott / Renu B Lal / Akhilesh C Mishra

PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 5, p e

2013 Volume 55918

Abstract: ... facilities and was used to adjust incidence estimates from facility-based surveillance.Among 9,426 ... May 2009-April 2011). Nasal and throat swabs were tested for influenza viruses. A community health ... of influenza hospitalization in a rural community following the emergence of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses ...

Abstract	Influenza is vaccine-preventable; however, the burden of severe influenza in India remains unknown. We conducted a population-based study to estimate the incidence of laboratory confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations in a rural community in western India.We conducted active surveillance for hospitalized patients with acute medical illnesses or acute chronic disease exacerbations in Pune during pandemic and post pandemic periods (May 2009-April 2011). Nasal and throat swabs were tested for influenza viruses. A community health utilization survey estimated the proportion of residents hospitalized with respiratory illness at non-study facilities and was used to adjust incidence estimates from facility-based surveillance.Among 9,426 hospitalizations, 3,391 (36%) patients were enrolled; 665 of 3,179 (20.9%) tested positive for influenza. Of 665 influenza positives, 340 (51%) were pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 and 327 (49%) were seasonal, including A/H3 (16%), A/H1 (3%) and influenza B (30%). The proportion of patients with influenza peaked during August 2009 (39%) and 2010 (42%). The adjusted annual incidence of influenza hospitalizations was 46.8/10,000 during pandemic and 40.5/10,000 during post-pandemic period with comparable incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09 during both periods (18.8 and 20.3, respectively). The incidence of both pH1N1 and seasonal hospitalized influenza disease was highest in the 5-29 year olds.We document the previously unrecognized burden of influenza hospitalization in a rural community following the emergence of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in India. During peak periods of influenza activity circulation i.e during the monsoon period, 20% of all hospital admissions in the community had influenza positivity. These findings can inform development of influenza prevention and control strategies in India.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children treated in hospital.

Korppi, M / Heiskanen-Kosma, T / Jalonen, E / Saikku, P / Leinonen, M / Halonen, P / Mäkela, P H

European journal of pediatrics

1993 Volume 152, Issue 1, Page(s) 24–30

Abstract: ... Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was identified in 52 patients and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 41 patients. The next common ... bacterial infections. No other correlation was seen between the radiological or laboratory findings and serologically ... aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 195 hospitalised children during a surveillance period of 12 ...

Abstract	Viral and bacterial antigen and antibody assays were prospectively applied to study the microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 195 hospitalised children during a surveillance period of 12 months. A viral infection alone was indicated in 37 (19%), a bacterial infection alone in 30 (15%) and a mixed viral-bacterial infection in 32 (16%) patients. Thus, 46% of the 69 patients with viral infection and 52% of the 62 patients with bacterial infection had a mixed viral and bacterial aetiology. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was identified in 52 patients and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 41 patients. The next common agents in order were non-classified Haemophilus influenzae (17 cases), adenoviruses (10 cases) and Chlamydia species (8 cases). The diagnosis of an RSV infection was based on detecting viral antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions in 79% of the cases. Pneumococcal infections were in most cases identified by antibody assays; in 39% they were indicated by demonstrating pneumococcal antigen in acute phase serum. An alveolar infiltrate was present in 53 (27%) and an interstitial infiltrate in 108 (55%) of the 195 patients. The remaining 34 patients had probable pneumonia. C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate and total white blood cell count were elevated in 25%, 40% and 36% of the patients, respectively. CRP was more often elevated in patients with bacterial infection alone than in those with viral or mixed viral-bacterial infections. No other correlation was seen between the radiological or laboratory findings and serologically identified viral, bacterial or mixed viral-bacterial infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Bacterial Infections/complications ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Pneumonia/diagnostic imaging ; Pneumonia/etiology ; Pneumonia/microbiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnostic imaging ; Pneumonia, Viral/etiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/microbiology ; Prospective Studies ; Radiography ; Virus Diseases/complications ; Virus Diseases/microbiology ; Viruses/isolation & purification
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	1993-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	194196-3
ISSN	1432-1076 ; 0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
ISSN (online)	1432-1076
ISSN	0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
DOI	10.1007/bf02072512
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Article ; Online: Use of an Internet-based community surveillance network to predict seasonal communicable disease morbidity.

Hammond, Lucinda / Papadopoulos, Spyridon / Johnson, Candice F / MaWhinney, Samantha / Nelson, Bernard / Todd, James K

Pediatrics

2002 Volume 109, Issue 3, Page(s) 414–418

Abstract: ... We hypothesized that community surveillance would successfully predict subsequent hospital admissions and ... based surveillance network linking a hospital with community physicians is beneficial to the hospital ... hospital admissions. Community surveillance also successfully predicted laboratory isolation of associated ...

Abstract	Objectives: We designed an Internet-based surveillance network that linked community clinic diagnoses with viral isolation rates and admission patterns at a related children's hospital. We hypothesized that community surveillance would successfully predict subsequent hospital admissions and laboratory viral isolations. Secondarily, we expected the network to monitor trends in disease and that posting this information on a Web site would be useful to physicians in daily practice. Study design: Data were collected from December 1999 through August 2000. Information was summarized and posted weekly on a Web site. Active public piloting of the site took place during August 2000, after which the project was evaluated through an electronic mail survey. The predictive ability of the community surveillance data was evaluated by multivariate linear regression. Results: Increases in the community diagnosis of most syndromes under surveillance, including lower respiratory infections (adjusted R(2) = 0.7086) and gastroenteritis (adjusted R(2) = 0.6532) successfully predicted an increase in subsequent hospital admissions. Community surveillance also successfully predicted laboratory isolation of associated viral organisms. Physicians completing the evaluation (N = 11) indicated that the site provided information useful in daily practice for both physician and parent education. Conclusions: An Internet-based surveillance network linking a hospital with community physicians is beneficial to the hospital in predicting waves of severe cases requiring admission and reciprocally provides useful information to physicians in daily practice regarding the incidence and cause of seasonal disease in the community.
MeSH term(s)	Attitude to Computers ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Colorado/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases/virology ; Community Medicine/organization & administration ; Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/virology ; Hospital-Physician Relations ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Internet ; Linear Models ; Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human/isolation & purification ; Pilot Projects ; Population Surveillance/methods ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/isolation & purification ; Rotavirus/isolation & purification ; Seasons ; Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification ; Virus Diseases/diagnosis ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/virology
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207677-9
ISSN	1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
ISSN (online)	1098-4275
ISSN	0031-4005
DOI	10.1542/peds.109.3.414
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Article ; Online: Community -and hospital laboratory-based surveillance for respiratory viruses.

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Article ; Online: Electronic Health Record-Based Surveillance for Community Transmitted COVID-19 in the Emergency Department.

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Article ; Online: Systematic community- and hospital-based surveillance for enterovirus-D68 in three Canadian provinces, August to December 2014.

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Article ; Online: Burden of seasonal and pandemic influenza-associated hospitalization during and after 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic in a rural community in India.

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Article ; Online: Burden of seasonal and pandemic influenza-associated hospitalization during and after 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic in a rural community in India.

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Article: Aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children treated in hospital.

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Article ; Online: Use of an Internet-based community surveillance network to predict seasonal communicable disease morbidity.

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