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  1. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 spillover events.

    Zhou, Peng / Shi, Zheng-Li

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2021  Volume 371, Issue 6525, Page(s) 120–122

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19/veterinary ; COVID-19/virology ; Chiroptera ; Europe ; Farms ; Food Microbiology ; Humans ; Meat/supply & distribution ; Meat/virology ; Mink ; Mutation ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Zoonoses
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.abf6097
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  2. Article ; Online: Serological screening suggests single SARS-CoV-2 spillover events to cattle

    Wernike, Kerstin / Boettcher, Jens / Amelung, Silke / Albrecht, Kerstin / Gaertner, Tanja / Donat, Karsten / Beer, Martin

    bioRxiv

    Abstract: Widespread human SARS-CoV-2 infections pose a constant risk for virus transmission to animals. Here ... positive, indicating that cattle may be occasionally infected by contact to SARS-CoV-2-positive keepers ...

    Abstract Widespread human SARS-CoV-2 infections pose a constant risk for virus transmission to animals. Here, we serologically investigated 1000 cattle samples collected in late 2021 in Germany. Eleven sera tested antibody-positive, indicating that cattle may be occasionally infected by contact to SARS-CoV-2-positive keepers, but there is no indication of further spreading.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-20
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2022.01.17.476608
    Database COVID19

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  3. Book ; Online: Serological screening suggests single SARS-CoV-2 spillover events to cattle

    Wernike, Kerstin / Boettcher, Jens / Amelung, Silke / Albrecht, Kerstin / Gaertner, Tanja / Donat, Karsten / Beer, Martin

    2022  

    Abstract: Widespread human SARS-CoV-2 infections pose a constant risk for virus transmission to animals. Here ... positive, indicating that cattle may be occasionally infected by contact to SARS-CoV-2-positive keepers ...

    Abstract Widespread human SARS-CoV-2 infections pose a constant risk for virus transmission to animals. Here, we serologically investigated 1000 cattle samples collected in late 2021 in Germany. Eleven sera tested antibody-positive, indicating that cattle may be occasionally infected by contact to SARS-CoV-2-positive keepers, but there is no indication of further spreading.
    Keywords Text ; ddc:570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-20
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Suggestive of Single Events of Spillover to Cattle, Germany.

    Wernike, Kerstin / Böttcher, Jens / Amelung, Silke / Albrecht, Kerstin / Gärtner, Tanja / Donat, Karsten / Beer, Martin

    Emerging infectious diseases

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 9, Page(s) 1916–1918

    Abstract: Human infection with SARS-CoV-2 poses a risk for transmission to animals. To characterize the risk ... antibody-positive samples indicated that cattle may be occasionally infected by contact with SARS-CoV-2 ...

    Abstract Human infection with SARS-CoV-2 poses a risk for transmission to animals. To characterize the risk for cattle, we serologically investigated 1,000 samples collected from cattle in Germany in late 2021. Eleven antibody-positive samples indicated that cattle may be occasionally infected by contact with SARS-CoV-2-positive keepers, but we found no indication of further spread.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/veterinary ; Cattle ; Germany/epidemiology ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1380686-5
    ISSN 1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
    ISSN (online) 1080-6059
    ISSN 1080-6040
    DOI 10.3201/eid2809.220125
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  5. Article: SARS-CoV-2 spillover transmission due to recombination event.

    Shahhosseini, Nariman / Wong, Gary / Kobinger, Gary P / Chinikar, Sadegh

    Gene reports

    2021  Volume 23, Page(s) 101045

    Abstract: ... the evolutionary origin of SARS-CoV-2, as well as potential recombination events. Phylogenetic tree analysis shows ... of SARS-CoV-2 is almost identical to Pangolin-CoV at the aa level, suggesting that spillover transmission ... for recombination event between Bat-SL-CoV-2 and Pangolin-CoV that resulted in the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 ...

    Abstract In late 2019, a novel Coronavirus emerged in China. Perceiving the modulating factors of cross-species virus transmission is critical to elucidate the nature of virus emergence. Using bioinformatics tools, we analyzed the mapping of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, modeling of protein structure, and analyze the evolutionary origin of SARS-CoV-2, as well as potential recombination events. Phylogenetic tree analysis shows that SARS-CoV-2 has the closest evolutionary relationship with Bat-SL-CoV-2 (RaTG13) at the scale of the complete virus genome, and less similarity to Pangolin-CoV. However, the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 is almost identical to Pangolin-CoV at the aa level, suggesting that spillover transmission probably occurred directly from pangolins, but not bats. Further recombination analysis revealed the pathway for spillover transmission from Bat-SL-CoV-2 and Pangolin-CoV. Here, we provide evidence for recombination event between Bat-SL-CoV-2 and Pangolin-CoV that resulted in the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, the role of mutations should be noted as another influencing factor in the continuing evolution and resurgence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2452-0144
    ISSN 2452-0144
    DOI 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101045
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  6. Article ; Online: Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Suggestive of Single Events of Spillover to Cattle, Germany

    Wernike, Kerstin / Böttcher, Jens / Amelung, Silke / Albrecht, Kerstin / Gärtner, Tanja / Donat, Karsten / Beer, Martin

    [Research Letter]

    2022  

    Abstract: Human infection with SARS-CoV-2 poses a risk for transmission to animals. To characterize the risk ... antibody-positive samples indicated that cattle may be occasionally infected by contact with SARS-CoV-2 ...

    Abstract Human infection with SARS-CoV-2 poses a risk for transmission to animals. To characterize the risk for cattle, we serologically investigated 1,000 samples collected from cattle in Germany in late 2021. Eleven antibody-positive samples indicated that cattle may be occasionally infected by contact with SARS-CoV-2–positive keepers, but we found no indication of further spread.
    Keywords Text ; ddc:630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01
    Publishing country de
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Assessing the emergence time of SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic spillover.

    Samson, Stéphane / Lord, Étienne / Makarenkov, Vladimir

    PloS one

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) e0301195

    Abstract: ... gene transfer, and recombination events affecting the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its closest relatives ... variants, enabling us to estimate the time of SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic spillover between August and early ... Understanding the evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and ...

    Abstract Understanding the evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its relationship to other coronaviruses in the wild is crucial for preventing future virus outbreaks. While the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains uncertain, mounting evidence suggests the direct involvement of the bat and pangolin coronaviruses in the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. To unravel the early days of a probable zoonotic spillover event, we analyzed genomic data from various coronavirus strains from both human and wild hosts. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed using multiple datasets, using strict and relaxed clock evolutionary models to estimate the occurrence times of key speciation, gene transfer, and recombination events affecting the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its closest relatives. We found strong evidence supporting the presence of temporal structure in datasets containing SARS-CoV-2 variants, enabling us to estimate the time of SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic spillover between August and early October 2019. In contrast, datasets without SARS-CoV-2 variants provided mixed results in terms of temporal structure. However, they allowed us to establish that the presence of a statistically robust clade in the phylogenies of gene S and its receptor-binding (RBD) domain, including two bat (BANAL) and two Guangdong pangolin coronaviruses (CoVs), is due to the horizontal gene transfer of this gene from the bat CoV to the pangolin CoV that occurred in the middle of 2018. Importantly, this clade is closely located to SARS-CoV-2 in both phylogenies. This phylogenetic proximity had been explained by an RBD gene transfer from the Guangdong pangolin CoV to a very recent ancestor of SARS-CoV-2 in some earlier works in the field before the BANAL coronaviruses were discovered. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the timeline and evolutionary dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Chiroptera ; Pangolins/genetics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Bayes Theorem ; Zoonoses/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0301195
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  8. Article ; Online: Predicting potential SARS-CoV-2 spillover and spillback in animals.

    Tan, Zi Hian / Yong, Kian Yan / Shu, Jian-Jun

    Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi

    2024  Volume 57, Issue 2, Page(s) 225–237

    Abstract: ... can spread rapidly in farmed and wild animals. This could create a worrying cycle of SARS-CoV-2 spillover ... similar to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. These animals may serve as amplification hosts in spillover ... to-human transmission cannot be ignored, as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 ...

    Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly around the world, causing countries to impose lockdowns and efforts to develop vaccines on a global scale. However, human-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission cannot be ignored, as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can spread rapidly in farmed and wild animals. This could create a worrying cycle of SARS-CoV-2 spillover from humans to animals and spillback of new strains back into humans, rendering vaccines ineffective.
    Method: This study provides a key indicator of animals that may be potential susceptible hosts for SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus infections by analysing the phylogenetic distance between host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and the coronavirus spike protein. Crucially, our analysis identifies animals that are at elevated risk from a spillover and spillback incident.
    Results: One group of animals has been identified as potentially susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 by harbouring a parasitic coronavirus spike protein similar to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. These animals may serve as amplification hosts in spillover events from zoonotic reservoirs. This group consists of a mixture of animals infected internally and naturally: minks, dogs, cats, tigers. Additionally, no internal or natural infections have been found in masked palm civet.
    Conclusion: Tracing interspecies transmission in multi-host environments based solely on in vitro and in vivo examinations of animal susceptibility or serology is a time-consuming task. This approach allows rapid identification of high-risk animals to prioritize research and assessment of the risk of zoonotic disease transmission in the environment. It is a tool to rapidly identify zoonotic species that may cause outbreaks or participate in expansion cycles of coexistence with their hosts. This prevents the spread of coronavirus infections between species, preventing spillover and spillback incidents from occurring.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Dogs ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Communicable Disease Control ; Vaccines
    Chemical Substances spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1497590-7
    ISSN 1995-9133 ; 1684-1182 ; 0253-2662
    ISSN (online) 1995-9133
    ISSN 1684-1182 ; 0253-2662
    DOI 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.01.002
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  9. Article ; Online: Molecular basis of hippopotamus ACE2 binding to SARS-CoV-2.

    Yang, Ruirui / Han, Pu / Han, Pengcheng / Li, Dedong / Zhao, Runchu / Niu, Sheng / Liu, Kefang / Li, Shihua / Tian, Wen-Xia / Gao, George Fu

    Journal of virology

    2024  Volume 98, Issue 5, Page(s) e0045124

    Abstract: ... for monitoring host jumps and spillover events on SARS-CoV-2 in semi-aquatic/aquatic mammals. ... to SARS-CoV-2 and suggest the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs spillover and the necessity ... Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a wide range of hosts, including ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a wide range of hosts, including hippopotami, which are semi-aquatic mammals and phylogenetically closely related to Cetacea. In this study, we characterized the binding properties of hippopotamus angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hiACE2) to the spike (S) protein receptor binding domains (RBDs) of the SARS-CoV-2 prototype (PT) and variants of concern (VOCs). Furthermore, the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the SARS-CoV-2 PT S protein complexed with hiACE2 was resolved. Structural and mutational analyses revealed that L30 and F83, which are specific to hiACE2, played a crucial role in the hiACE2/SARS-CoV-2 RBD interaction. In addition, comparative and structural analysis of ACE2 orthologs suggested that the cetaceans may have the potential to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. These results provide crucial molecular insights into the susceptibility of hippopotami to SARS-CoV-2 and suggest the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs spillover and the necessity for surveillance.
    Importance: The hippopotami are the first semi-aquatic artiodactyl mammals wherein SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported. Exploration of the invasion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 will provide important information for the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in hippopotami, as well as other semi-aquatic mammals and cetaceans. Here, we found that hippopotamus ACE2 (hiACE2) could efficiently bind to the RBDs of the SARS-CoV-2 prototype (PT) and variants of concern (VOCs) and facilitate the transduction of SARS-CoV-2 PT and VOCs pseudoviruses into hiACE2-expressing cells. The cryo-EM structure of the SARS-CoV-2 PT S protein complexed with hiACE2 elucidated a few critical residues in the RBD/hiACE2 interface, especially L30 and F83 of hiACE2 which are unique to hiACE2 and contributed to the decreased binding affinity to PT RBD compared to human ACE2. Our work provides insight into cross-species transmission and highlights the necessity for monitoring host jumps and spillover events on SARS-CoV-2 in semi-aquatic/aquatic mammals.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Animals ; Protein Binding ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Humans ; Artiodactyla/virology ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Betacoronavirus/genetics ; Betacoronavirus/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/jvi.00451-24
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    Zs.A 609: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Seroevidence of SARS-CoV-2 spillback to rodents in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo.

    Tan, Cheng Siang / Adrus, Madinah / Rahman, Sultana Parvin Habeebur / Azman, Haziq Izzuddin Muhamad / Abang, Riz Anasthasia Alta

    BMC veterinary research

    2024  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 161

    Abstract: Background: SARS-CoV-2 is believed to have originated from a spillover event, where the virus ... to address this gap by investigating the presence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies in wild rodents ... to 2022 to detect neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a surrogate virus neutralisation test ...

    Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2 is believed to have originated from a spillover event, where the virus jumped from bats to humans, leading to an epidemic that quickly escalated into a pandemic by early 2020. Despite the implementation of various public health measures, such as lockdowns and widespread vaccination efforts, the virus continues to spread. This is primarily attributed to the rapid emergence of immune escape variants and the inadequacy of protection against reinfection. Spillback events were reported early in animals with frequent contact with humans, especially companion, captive, and farmed animals. Unfortunately, surveillance of spillback events is generally lacking in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap by investigating the presence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies in wild rodents in Sarawak, Malaysia.
    Results: We analysed 208 archived plasma from rodents collected between from 2018 to 2022 to detect neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a surrogate virus neutralisation test, and discovered two seropositive rodents (Sundamys muelleri and Rattus rattus), which were sampled in 2021 and 2022, respectively.
    Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Sundamys muelleri and Rattus rattus may be susceptible to natural SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, there is currently no evidence supporting sustainable rodent-to-rodent transmission.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19/veterinary ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; Malaysia/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Rats/virology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Borneo/epidemiology ; Rodentia/virology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2191675-5
    ISSN 1746-6148 ; 1746-6148
    ISSN (online) 1746-6148
    ISSN 1746-6148
    DOI 10.1186/s12917-024-03892-5
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