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Article: Composite materials: composition, properties and clinical applications. A literature review.

Zimmerli, Brigitte / Strub, Matthias / Jeger, Franziska / Stadler, Oliver / Lussi, Adrian

Schweizer Monatsschrift fur Zahnmedizin = Revue mensuelle suisse d'odonto-stomatologie = Rivista mensile svizzera di odontologia e stomatologia

2010 Volume 120, Issue 11, Page(s) 972–986

Abstract: ... known materials are the hybrid composites. This technology, based on methacrylates and different types ... an attempt to combine the positive properties of glassionomers with composite technology. This has only ... of materials over modern hybrid composites. ...

Abstract	Various composite materials are available today for direct restorative techniques. The most well-known materials are the hybrid composites. This technology, based on methacrylates and different types of filler coupled with silanes, has been continuously improved. Disadvantages such as polymerisation shrinkage, bacterial adhesion and side effects due to monomer release still remain. The aim of material development is to eliminate or at least reduce these negative factors by adapting the individual components of the material. With ormocers, the methacrylate has been partially replaced by an inorganic network. According to recent studies, the biocompatibility was not improved in all cases. The development of compomer was an attempt to combine the positive properties of glassionomers with composite technology. This has only partially succeeded, because the fluoride release is low. In an in-situ study, a caries protective effect could be shown at least in the first days following filling placement with concurrent extra-oral demineralisation. By replacing the chain-monomers in the composite matrix by ring-shaped molecules, a new approach to reduce polymerisation shrinkage was investigated. A new group of materials, the siloranes, has been developed. Siloranes are hydrophobic and need to be bonded to the dental hard tissue using a special adhesive system. Long-term clinical studies are still needed to prove the superiority of this new group of materials over modern hybrid composites.
MeSH term(s)	Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate ; Ceramics/chemistry ; Compomers/chemistry ; Composite Resins/chemistry ; Compressive Strength ; Dental Marginal Adaptation ; Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Elastic Modulus ; Humans ; Methacrylates ; Organically Modified Ceramics ; Particle Size ; Pliability ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Polymerization ; Polymethacrylic Acids ; Silanes/chemistry ; Siloxanes/chemistry ; Tensile Strength
Chemical Substances	Compomers ; Composite Resins ; Methacrylates ; Organically Modified Ceramics ; Polymethacrylic Acids ; Silanes ; Siloxanes ; triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (14I47YJ5EY) ; Polyethylene Glycols (30IQX730WE) ; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate (454I75YXY0)
Language	German
Publishing date	2010
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639042-0
ISSN	0256-2855
ISSN	0256-2855
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Article: Bioactive surface modifications through thermally sprayed hydroxyapatite composite coatings: a review of selective reinforcements

Jagadeeshanayaka, N. / Awasthi, Shikha / Jambagi, Sudhakar C. / Srivastava, Chandan

Biomaterials science. 2022 May 17, v. 10, no. 10

2022

Abstract: ... applications owing to its close resemblance to the bone properties; however, it is brittle and has low strength ... such as carbon allotropes: graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nano diamond; metallic materials: Ag, Sr, Mg, and Ti ... ceramic materials: Al₂O₃, SiO₂, ZrO₂, and TiO₂; multi-materials: Al₂O₃-CNT/HA, Al₂O₃–TiO₂/HA and others ...

Abstract	Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been an excellent replacement for the natural bone in orthopedic applications owing to its close resemblance to the bone properties; however, it is brittle and has low strength. Surface modification techniques have been able to allay such mineral issues by depositing on substrate. These methods, being economical, impart mechanical strength without compromising biocompatibility. In this review article, the discussion is confined to plasma spray (high temperature) and other low temperature surface modification techniques: high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and cold spray. The processing temperature seems to significantly affect the performance of implants deposited with HA. Monolithic HA may not add enough strength to the bioimplants. Hence, this review discusses selective reinforcements to HA and their roles in enhancing the properties. Herein, a variety of selective reinforcements are discussed, such as carbon allotropes: graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nano diamond; metallic materials: Ag, Sr, Mg, and Ti; ceramic materials: Al₂O₃, SiO₂, ZrO₂, and TiO₂; multi-materials: Al₂O₃-CNT/HA, Al₂O₃–TiO₂/HA and others; and functionally graded composites: HA, 20 and 50 wt% Ti–6Al–4V/HA layered coating. Most of these reinforcements could not trade-off between biocompatibility and strength. The detailed in vitro and in vivo studies are still lacking. The literature on the relative effectiveness of these reinforcements is scanty, while the interface between HA coating and reinforcements is seldom explored. This review presents the suitability of thermal spray techniques based on the microstructure, mechanical, and biological properties. Therefore, it is envisaged that the present review can intrigue future researchers to understand the scope of surface coatings in achieving the better performance of implants at clinical trials.
Keywords	biocompatibility ; biocompatible materials ; brittleness ; carbon nanotubes ; ceramics ; cold ; graphene ; hydroxyapatite ; microstructure ; orthopedics ; strength (mechanics) ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0517
Size	p. 2484-2523.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2693928-9
ISSN	2047-4849 ; 2047-4830
ISSN (online)	2047-4849
ISSN	2047-4830
DOI	10.1039/d2bm00039c
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Framework design and pontics of fiber-reinforced composite fixed dental prostheses - An overview.

Perea-Lowery, Leila / Vallittu, Pekka K

Journal of prosthodontic research

2018 Volume 62, Issue 3, Page(s) 281–286

Abstract: ... performance in clinical applications due to their good mechanical properties and minimally invasive approach ... of prostheses.: Study selection: Peer-reviewed articles and other scientific literature were reviewed ... for providing up-to-date information on how pontics of FRC FDPs can be made. A thorough literature search was ...

Abstract	Purpose: Fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) have shown good performance in clinical applications due to their good mechanical properties and minimally invasive approach. However, typical failure patterns of FRC FDPs are often localized at the pontic site. That reflects the structural considerations at the framework and pontic location that need to be examined when creating these kinds of prostheses. Study selection: Peer-reviewed articles and other scientific literature were reviewed for providing up-to-date information on how pontics of FRC FDPs can be made. A thorough literature search was done using PubMed and Google Scholar. Two individuals did an assessment of the articles in order to include those related to pontics and framework design of FRC FDPs. The search terms used were "fiber-reinforced dental prosthesis" and "Pontics of fiber-reinforced dental prosthesis". Results: These findings indicate that a cross-sectional fiber design, substructure and thicker pontics made of a variety of materials might reduce failures at the pontic site. Conclusions: The thickness of pontics of FRC FDPs interrelated with the vertical positioning of the FRC framework influences the load-bearing capacities of prostheses of these kinds. The understanding of the factors involved in the fabrication of pontics of FRC FDPs may overcome the drawbacks identified in these prostheses, thus extending their longevity.
MeSH term(s)	Acrylic Resins ; Composite Resins ; Dental Materials ; Dental Prosthesis ; Dental Prosthesis Design/methods ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Polyurethanes
Chemical Substances	Acrylic Resins ; Composite Dental Resin ; Composite Resins ; Dental Materials ; Polyurethanes
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-10
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2470657-7
ISSN	2212-4632 ; 1883-1958
ISSN (online)	2212-4632
ISSN	1883-1958
DOI	10.1016/j.jpor.2018.03.005
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Article: Polyacid-modified composite resins ("compomers") and their use in clinical dentistry.

Nicholson, John W

Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials

2007 Volume 23, Issue 5, Page(s) 615–622

Abstract: ... of polyacid-modified composite resins ("compomers") designed for use in clinical dentistry, and reviews the literature in this area ... all, physical properties. However, clinical studies have shown these materials to perform acceptably in a variety ... the materials certain clinically-desirable properties (fluoride release, buffering capability) that are also ...

Abstract	Objectives: This paper describes the chemistry and properties of polyacid-modified composite resins ("compomers") designed for use in clinical dentistry, and reviews the literature in this area. Methods: Information has been obtained from over 50 published articles appearing in the dental and biomaterials literature, with studies being principally identified through MedLine. Results: Published work shows that polyacid-modified composite resins constitute a discrete class of polymeric repair material for use in dentistry. Their distinction is that they contain hydrophilic components, and these cause water to be drawn into the material following cure. This triggers an acid-base reaction, and gives the materials certain clinically-desirable properties (fluoride release, buffering capability) that are also associated with glass-ionomer cements. The water uptake leads to a decline in certain, though not all, physical properties. However, clinical studies have shown these materials to perform acceptably in a variety of applications (Class I, Class II and Class V cavities, as fissure sealants and as orthodontic band cements), especially in children's teeth. Conclusions/significance: Polyacid-modified composite resins constitute a versatile class of dental repair material, whose bioactivity confers clinical advantages, and which are particularly useful in children's dentistry.
MeSH term(s)	Biocompatible Materials/chemistry ; Buffers ; Cariostatic Agents/chemistry ; Compomers/chemistry ; Dental Materials/chemistry ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; Fluorides/chemistry ; Humans ; Polymers/chemistry ; Water/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Biocompatible Materials ; Buffers ; Cariostatic Agents ; Compomers ; Dental Materials ; Polymers ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Fluorides (Q80VPU408O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	605995-8
ISSN	1879-0097 ; 0109-5641
ISSN (online)	1879-0097
ISSN	0109-5641
DOI	10.1016/j.dental.2006.05.002
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Article ; Online: Glass fiber-reinforced composites in dentistry

Engie M. Safwat / Ahmad G. A. Khater / Ahmed G. Abd-Elsatar / Gamal A. Khater

Bulletin of the National Research Centre, Vol 45, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 9

Abstract: ... in many literature. Methods In this review, a study of the glass fibers’ types, factors affecting the properties and ... the properties of glass fibers reinforced materials was carried out; in addition, research papers ... of producing durable dental materials without compromising the aesthetic properties were developed. One ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Enormous improvements in dental materials’ manufacturing for the aim of producing durable dental materials without compromising the aesthetic properties were developed. One of the approaches that fulfill this aim is the use of reinforcing glass fibers as fillers into dental materials, typically resin polymers, in order to obtain glass fiber-reinforced composites. Glass fiber-reinforced composite offered many advantages to the dental materials though some limitations were recorded in many literature. Methods In this review, a study of the glass fibers’ types, factors affecting the properties and the properties of glass fibers reinforced materials was carried out; in addition, research papers that experimentally studied their applications in dentistry were presented. Conclusion The success of glass fibers reinforced composites in dentistry depends on glass fibers’ composition, orientation, distribution, amount, length and adhesion; these factors once employed according to the required clinical situation would provide the essential reinforcement to the dental restorations and appliances.
Keywords	Glass fibers ; Resin polymers ; Reinforced composite ; Properties ; Dental application ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SpringerOpen
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Agrimonia eupatoria L.: An integrative perspective on ethnomedicinal use, phenolic composition and pharmacological activity.

Malheiros, Jéssica / Simões, Daniela M / Figueirinha, Artur / Cotrim, Maria Dulce / Fonseca, Diogo A

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2022 Volume 296, Page(s) 115498

Abstract: ... phenolic composition and biological and pharmacological activities.: Material and methods: Literature ... medicine, this plant species has been used for its astringent, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and hypotensive properties ... of the scientific literature on A. eupatoria, particularly in regard to its ethnobotanics and ethnomedicinal uses ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Agrimonia eupatoria L., a plant which belongs to the Rosaceae family, is widespread in temperate regions, particularly throughout the northern hemisphere. In folk medicine, this plant species has been used for its astringent, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and hypotensive properties as well as in gastrointestinal disorders. As these biological properties have been linked to its phenolic composition, this plant species could be an interesting source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. Aim of the study: The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the scientific literature on A. eupatoria, particularly in regard to its ethnobotanics and ethnomedicinal uses, phenolic composition and biological and pharmacological activities. Material and methods: Literature was retrieved from several bibliographic sources, namely PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, since the first report on A. eupatoria in 1993. Results: Regarding the phytochemical composition, A. eupatoria is rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins. The most commonly reported compounds are astragalin, cynaroside, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, isovitexin, rutin, catechin, procyanidin B3 and agrimoniin. In terms of bioactivity, extracts or fractions obtained from this plant species have shown antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. So far, two clinical studies with the infusion of A. eupatoria have shown hepatoprotective properties as well as a protective role in cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and diabetes. Conclusions: In this review, an integrative perspective on ethnomedicinal use, phenolic composition and pharmacological activity of A. eupatoria has been provided. As can be seen, this plant species exhibits several potential applications, including those beyond its traditional ethnomedicinal uses, as the safety of its consumption has been shown clinically. There still is limited pharmacological evidence that corroborates the ethnomedicinal uses of this plant species as well as regarding the specific bioactive compounds.
MeSH term(s)	Agrimonia/chemistry ; Ethnopharmacology ; Medicine, Traditional ; Phenols ; Phytochemicals/pharmacology ; Phytochemicals/therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Phenols ; Phytochemicals ; Plant Extracts
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-22
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2022.115498
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Article ; Online: Chemical composition, quality control, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological properties and clinical applications of Fufang Danshen Tablet: A systematic review.

Zeng, Xuan / Zheng, Yuying / Liu, Yuling / Su, Weiwei

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2021 Volume 278, Page(s) 114310

Abstract: ... the chemical composition, quality control, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological properties, clinical applications, and ... Materials and methods: Literatures involving FDT were collected from online scientific databases including ... diseases.: Aim of the review: To systematically analyze and summarize the research findings concerning ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Fufang Danshen Tablet (FDT) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula composed of three Chinese medicinal materials comprising Salviae Miltiorrhizar Radix et Rhizoma (Dan-Shen in Chinese), Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (San-Qi), and Borneolum Syntheticum (Bing-Pian). It has been documented to exert significant effects in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and become a frequently used formula in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Aim of the review: To systematically analyze and summarize the research findings concerning the chemical composition, quality control, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological properties, clinical applications, and toxicity of FDT, so as to point out some typical problems and provides opinions for future study. Materials and methods: Literatures involving FDT were collected from online scientific databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, SciFinder, and Google Scholar up to March 2021. All eligible studies are analyzed and summarized in this review. Results: This review summarizes reported results concerning the post-marketing quality and efficacy of FDT. Some problems are pointed out for FDT. Hereon we propose several directions for future study: (a) improvement of quality control based on exact overall chemical profiles, entire production process monitoring, and biopotency-associated multi-index content determination method; (b) clarification of functional mechanisms focused on pharmacokinetic profiles in human, interplay with gut microbiota, and integration of multi-omics technologies; (c) reconfirmation of clinical effectiveness and safety from large-scale clinical studies based on evidence-based medicine. Conclusions: FDT is a typical TCM formula in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but there are also some troubles. Future studies should focus on the improvement of quality control, the clarification of functional mechanisms, as well as the reconfirmation of clinical effectiveness and safety.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; Quality Control
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; fufang danshen
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-06
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2021.114310
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Article: Chemical composition, quality control, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological properties and clinical applications of Fufang Danshen Tablet: A systematic review

Zeng, Xuan / Zheng, Yuying / Liu, Yuling / Su, Weiwei

Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2021 Oct. 05, v. 278

2021

Abstract: ... pharmacological properties, clinical applications, and toxicity of FDT, so as to point out some typical problems ... are analyzed and summarized in this review.This review summarizes reported results concerning the post ... with gut microbiota, and integration of multi-omics technologies; (c) reconfirmation of clinical ...

Abstract	Fufang Danshen Tablet (FDT) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula composed of three Chinese medicinal materials comprising Salviae Miltiorrhizar Radix et Rhizoma (Dan-Shen in Chinese), Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (San-Qi), and Borneolum Syntheticum (Bing-Pian). It has been documented to exert significant effects in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and become a frequently used formula in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.To systematically analyze and summarize the research findings concerning the chemical composition, quality control, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological properties, clinical applications, and toxicity of FDT, so as to point out some typical problems and provides opinions for future study.Literatures involving FDT were collected from online scientific databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, SciFinder, and Google Scholar up to March 2021. All eligible studies are analyzed and summarized in this review.This review summarizes reported results concerning the post-marketing quality and efficacy of FDT. Some problems are pointed out for FDT. Hereon we propose several directions for future study: (a) improvement of quality control based on exact overall chemical profiles, entire production process monitoring, and biopotency-associated multi-index content determination method; (b) clarification of functional mechanisms focused on pharmacokinetic profiles in human, interplay with gut microbiota, and integration of multi-omics technologies; (c) reconfirmation of clinical effectiveness and safety from large-scale clinical studies based on evidence-based medicine.FDT is a typical TCM formula in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but there are also some troubles. Future studies should focus on the improvement of quality control, the clarification of functional mechanisms, as well as the reconfirmation of clinical effectiveness and safety.
Keywords	Oriental traditional medicine ; blood circulation ; blood stasis ; chemical composition ; humans ; intestinal microorganisms ; multiomics ; pharmacokinetics ; quality control ; systematic review ; toxicity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1005
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2021.114310
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Composition and physicochemical properties of calcium silicate based sealers: A review article.

Jafari, Farnaz / Jafari, Sanaz

Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry

2017 Volume 9, Issue 10, Page(s) e1249–e1255

Abstract: ... the composition, physicochemical properties, and clinical perspectives of calcium silicate based sealers ... sealer, MTA-Angelus and ProRoot Endo Sealer. A review of literature was conducted to discuss ... Material and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and web of knowledge databases ...

Abstract	Background: Recently a new generation of endodontic sealers has been developed based on calcium silicate as MTA Fillapex, Endoseal MTA, Total Fill BC Sealer, EndoSequence BC Sealer, iRoot SP, Endo CPM sealer, MTA-Angelus and ProRoot Endo Sealer. A review of literature was conducted to discuss the composition, physicochemical properties, and clinical perspectives of calcium silicate based sealers. Material and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and web of knowledge databases with appropriate MeSh terms and keywords. A total of 71 studies were reviewed for data extraction. Results and conclusions: Calcium silicate based sealers showed suitable physical properties to be used as an endodontic sealer. However, its high solubility remains an important issue. They show good performance regarding calcium ion release, film thickness, and fowability. More researches are required about features of calcium silicate based sealers before recommending them for clinical applications.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-01
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2586647-3
ISSN	1989-5488
ISSN	1989-5488
DOI	10.4317/jced.54103
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Article ; Online: Travel beyond Clinical Uses of Fiber Reinforced Composites (FRCs) in Dentistry: A Review of Past Employments, Present Applications, and Future Perspectives.

Scribante, Andrea / Vallittu, Pekka K / Özcan, Mutlu / Lassila, Lippo V J / Gandini, Paola / Sfondrini, Maria Francesca

BioMed research international

2018 Volume 2018, Page(s) 1498901

Abstract: ... for these materials both in vitro and in vivo. The present review describes past and present applications of FRCs and ... characteristics with long fibers, woven fibers, and FRC posts. Also, multiple clinical applications ... described in the literature from more than 40 years. In vitro studies evaluated mechanical properties ...

Abstract	The reinforcement of resins with short or long fibers has multiple applications in various engineering and biomedical fields. The use of fiber reinforced composites (FRCs) in dentistry has been described in the literature from more than 40 years. In vitro studies evaluated mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fatigue resistance, fracture strength, layer thickness, bacterial adhesion, bonding characteristics with long fibers, woven fibers, and FRC posts. Also, multiple clinical applications such as replacement of missing teeth by resin-bonded adhesive fixed dental prostheses of various kinds, reinforcement elements of dentures or pontics, and direct construction of posts and cores have been investigated. In orthodontics, FRCs have been used also for active and passive orthodontic applications, such as anchorage units, en-masse movement units, and postorthodontic tooth retention. FRCs have been extensively tested in the literature, but today the advances in new technologies involving the introduction of nanofillers or new fibers along with understanding the design principles of FRC devices open new fields of research for these materials both in vitro and in vivo. The present review describes past and present applications of FRCs and introduces some future perspectives on the use of these materials.
MeSH term(s)	Composite Resins/chemistry ; Composite Resins/therapeutic use ; Dental Cements/chemistry ; Dental Cements/therapeutic use ; Dental Prosthesis ; Humans ; Nanofibers/chemistry ; Nanofibers/therapeutic use ; Tooth Movement Techniques/methods
Chemical Substances	Composite Resins ; Dental Cements
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2698540-8
ISSN	2314-6141 ; 2314-6133
ISSN (online)	2314-6141
ISSN	2314-6133
DOI	10.1155/2018/1498901
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