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Article ; Online: Theoretical tools for the design of NMR relaxation dispersion pulse sequences.

Salvi, Nicola

Progress in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

2015 Volume 88-89, Page(s) 105–115

Abstract: Recent decades have witnessed tremendous progress in the development of new experimental methods for studying biomolecules, particularly in the field of NMR relaxation dispersion. Here we review the theoretical frameworks that provided the insights ... ...

Abstract	Recent decades have witnessed tremendous progress in the development of new experimental methods for studying biomolecules, particularly in the field of NMR relaxation dispersion. Here we review the theoretical frameworks that provided the insights necessary for such progress. The effect of radio-frequency manipulations on spin systems is discussed using Average Hamiltonian Theory (AHT), Average Liouvillian Theory (ALT), and Bloch-Wangsness-Redfield (BWR) relaxation theory. We illustrate these concepts using the case of Heteronuclear Double Resonance (HDR) methods.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Computer Simulation ; Equipment Design ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/instrumentation
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	209325-x
ISSN	1873-3301 ; 0079-6565
ISSN (online)	1873-3301
ISSN	0079-6565
DOI	10.1016/j.pnmrs.2015.06.002
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Article ; Online: Response to Letter to the Editor From Lui et al: "Increased Risk of Thyroid Eye Disease Following COVID-19 Vaccination".

Muller, Ilaria / Consonni, Dario / Crivicich, Erica / Di Marco, Francesco / Currò, Nicola / Salvi, Mario

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

2023 Volume 109, Issue 3, Page(s) e1320

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Graves Ophthalmopathy/epidemiology ; Graves Ophthalmopathy/etiology ; Vaccination/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	3029-6
ISSN	1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
ISSN (online)	1945-7197
ISSN	0021-972X
DOI	10.1210/clinem/dgad616
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Book ; Online: Neural signature kernels as infinite-width-depth-limits of controlled ResNets

Cirone, Nicola Muca / Lemercier, Maud / Salvi, Cristopher

2023

Abstract: ... with the signature kernel of Salvi et al. (2021a). We name this new family of limiting kernels neural signature ...

Abstract	Motivated by the paradigm of reservoir computing, we consider randomly initialized controlled ResNets defined as Euler-discretizations of neural controlled differential equations (Neural CDEs), a unified architecture which enconpasses both RNNs and ResNets. We show that in the infinite-width-depth limit and under proper scaling, these architectures converge weakly to Gaussian processes indexed on some spaces of continuous paths and with kernels satisfying certain partial differential equations (PDEs) varying according to the choice of activation function, extending the results of Hayou (2022); Hayou & Yang (2023) to the controlled and homogeneous case. In the special, homogeneous, case where the activation is the identity, we show that the equation reduces to a linear PDE and the limiting kernel agrees with the signature kernel of Salvi et al. (2021a). We name this new family of limiting kernels neural signature kernels. Finally, we show that in the infinite-depth regime, finite-width controlled ResNets converge in distribution to Neural CDEs with random vector fields which, depending on whether the weights are shared across layers, are either time-independent and Gaussian or behave like a matrix-valued Brownian motion. Comment: Added commutativity of limits, ICML 2023 final version
Keywords	Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Mathematics - Probability ; 60L10 ; 60L90
Subject code	519
Publishing date	2023-03-30
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Increased Risk of Thyroid Eye Disease Following Covid-19 Vaccination.

Muller, Ilaria / Consonni, Dario / Crivicich, Erica / Di Marco, Francesco / Currò, Nicola / Salvi, Mario

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

2023 Volume 109, Issue 2, Page(s) 516–526

Abstract: Context: SARS-CoV-2 infection and Covid-19 vaccines have been associated with thyroid disorders.: Objective: We analyzed the risk of thyroid eye disease (TED) following Covid-19 vaccination. This was a self-controlled case series study at a tertiary ... ...

Abstract	Context: SARS-CoV-2 infection and Covid-19 vaccines have been associated with thyroid disorders. Objective: We analyzed the risk of thyroid eye disease (TED) following Covid-19 vaccination. This was a self-controlled case series study at a tertiary referral center for TED. A total of 98 consecutive patients with newly developed (n = 92) or reactivated (n = 6) TED occurring between January 1, 2021, and August 31, 2022, were included. TED was assessed in patients undergoing Covid-19 vaccination. Person-days were defined as exposed if TED occurred 1 to 28 days after vaccination, and unexposed if occurring outside this time window. Conditional Poisson regression models were fitted to calculate incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% CI of exposed vs unexposed. Sensitivity analyses were conducted considering different exposed periods, and effect modification by potential TED risk factors. Results: Covid-19 vaccines were administered in 81 people, 25 (31%) of whom developed TED in exposed and 56 (69%) in unexposed periods. The IRR for TED was 3.24 (95% CI 2.01-5.20) and 4.70 (95% CI 2.39-9.23) in patients below 50 years of age. Sex, smoking, and radioiodine treatment did not modify the association between TED and vaccination. TED risk was unrelated to the number of vaccine doses, and progressively decreased over time following vaccination (P trend = .03). Conclusion: The risk of TED was significantly increased after Covid-19 vaccination, especially in people below 50 years of age. Possible mechanisms include spike protein interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor, cross-reactivity with thyroid self-proteins, and immune reactions induced by adjuvants. We suggest monitoring of individuals undergoing Covid-19 vaccination, especially if young and at risk for autoimmunity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Graves Ophthalmopathy/chemically induced ; Graves Ophthalmopathy/epidemiology ; Vaccination/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3029-6
ISSN	1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
ISSN (online)	1945-7197
ISSN	0021-972X
DOI	10.1210/clinem/dgad501
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Article ; Online: Circular Economy Disclosure in Sustainability Reporting

Filippo Vitolla / Vitiana L’Abate / Felice Petruzzella / Nicola Raimo / Antonio Salvi

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 2200, p

The Effect of Firm Characteristics

2023 Volume 2200

Abstract: The circular economy is increasingly establishing itself as a model capable of overcoming the current linear economy of production and consumption recognized as unsustainable by society. Its relevance has also attracted the attention of academics, ... ...

Abstract	The circular economy is increasingly establishing itself as a model capable of overcoming the current linear economy of production and consumption recognized as unsustainable by society. Its relevance has also attracted the attention of academics, interested not only in the implementation methods of the circular economy, but also in the ways in which companies communicate information about them. However, although in recent years some scholars have begun to investigate the circular economy disclosure (CED), research on this topic is still in an embryonic state. In fact, in the academic literature there are only a few studies related to the CED and its drivers. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating, under the lens of stakeholder theory, the effect of firm characteristics on the level of CED. To this end, it firstly involves the use of a manual content analysis of the sustainability reports drawn up by 88 international companies to measure the level of CED and, secondly, a regression model to test the impact of the firm characteristics. Empirical results demonstrate a positive effect of firm size, financial leverage and firm profitability on the level of CED. The results have important practical implications for firms and policymakers.
Keywords	circular economy ; sustainability reporting ; disclosure ; sustainability ; stakeholder theory ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Impact of Stain Normalization on Pathologist Assessment of Prostate Cancer: A Comparative Study.

Salvi, Massimo / Caputo, Alessandro / Balmativola, Davide / Scotto, Manuela / Pennisi, Orazio / Michielli, Nicola / Mogetta, Alessandro / Molinari, Filippo / Fraggetta, Filippo

Cancers

2023 Volume 15, Issue 5

Abstract: In clinical routine, the quality of whole-slide images plays a key role in the pathologist's diagnosis, and suboptimal staining may be a limiting factor. The stain normalization process helps to solve this problem through the standardization of color ... ...

Abstract	In clinical routine, the quality of whole-slide images plays a key role in the pathologist's diagnosis, and suboptimal staining may be a limiting factor. The stain normalization process helps to solve this problem through the standardization of color appearance of a source image with respect to a target image with optimal chromatic features. The analysis is focused on the evaluation of the following parameters assessed by two experts on original and normalized slides: (i) perceived color quality, (ii) diagnosis for the patient, (iii) diagnostic confidence and (iv) time required for diagnosis. Results show a statistically significant increase in color quality in the normalized images for both experts (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers15051503
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Article ; Online: Stain Color Adaptive Normalization (SCAN) algorithm: Separation and standardization of histological stains in digital pathology.

Salvi, Massimo / Michielli, Nicola / Molinari, Filippo

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine

2020 Volume 193, Page(s) 105506

Abstract: Background and objective: The diagnosis of histopathological images is based on the visual analysis of tissue slices under a light microscope. However, the histological tissue appearance may assume different color intensities depending on the staining ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: The diagnosis of histopathological images is based on the visual analysis of tissue slices under a light microscope. However, the histological tissue appearance may assume different color intensities depending on the staining process, operator ability and scanner specifications. This stain variability affects the diagnosis of the pathologist and decreases the accuracy of computer-aided diagnosis systems. In this context, the stain normalization process has proved to be a powerful tool to cope with this issue, allowing to standardize the stain color appearance of a source image respect to a reference image. Methods: In this paper, novel fully automated stain separation and normalization approaches for hematoxylin and eosin stained histological slides are presented. The proposed algorithm, named SCAN (Stain Color Adaptive Normalization), is based on segmentation and clustering strategies for cellular structures detection. The SCAN algorithm is able to improve the contrast between histological tissue and background and preserve local structures without changing the color of the lumen and the background. Results: Both stain separation and normalization techniques were qualitatively and quantitively validated on a multi-tissue and multiscale dataset, with highly satisfactory results, outperforming the state-of-the-art approaches. SCAN was also tested on whole-slide images with high performances and low computational times. Conclusions: The potential contribution of the proposed standardization approach is twofold: the improvement of visual diagnosis in digital histopathology and the development of powerful pre-processing strategies to automated classification techniques for cancer detection.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Color ; Coloring Agents ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Reference Standards ; Staining and Labeling
Chemical Substances	Coloring Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-17
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632564-6
ISSN	1872-7565 ; 0169-2607
ISSN (online)	1872-7565
ISSN	0169-2607
DOI	10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105506
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Article ; Online: Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Modifies the Dynamic Properties of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins.

Guseva, Serafima / Schnapka, Vincent / Adamski, Wiktor / Maurin, Damien / Ruigrok, Rob W H / Salvi, Nicola / Blackledge, Martin

Journal of the American Chemical Society

2023 Volume 145, Issue 19, Page(s) 10548–10563

Abstract: Liquid-liquid phase separation of flexible biomolecules has been identified as a ubiquitous phenomenon underlying the formation of membraneless organelles that harbor a multitude of essential cellular processes. We use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) ... ...

Abstract	Liquid-liquid phase separation of flexible biomolecules has been identified as a ubiquitous phenomenon underlying the formation of membraneless organelles that harbor a multitude of essential cellular processes. We use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to compare the dynamic properties of an intrinsically disordered protein (measles virus
MeSH term(s)	Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Motion
Chemical Substances	Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3155-0
ISSN	1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
ISSN (online)	1520-5126
ISSN	0002-7863
DOI	10.1021/jacs.2c13647
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Article ; Online: Alemtuzumab-induced thyroid eye disease successfully treated with a single low dose of rituximab.

Muller, Ilaria / Maioli, Sara / Armenti, Mirco / Porcaro, Laura / Currò, Nicola / Iofrida, Elisabetta / Pignataro, Lorenzo / Manso, Jacopo / Mian, Caterina / Geginat, Jens / Salvi, Mario

European thyroid journal

2024 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: Introduction: Secondary thyroid autoimmunity, especially Graves' disease (GD), frequently develops in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) following alemtuzumab treatment (ALTZ; anti-CD52). Thyroid eye disease (TED) can also develop, and rituximab (RTX; ...

Abstract	Introduction: Secondary thyroid autoimmunity, especially Graves' disease (GD), frequently develops in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) following alemtuzumab treatment (ALTZ; anti-CD52). Thyroid eye disease (TED) can also develop, and rituximab (RTX; anti-CD20) is a suitable treatment. Case presentation: A 37-year-old woman with MS developed steroid-resistant active moderate-to-severe TED 3 years after ALTZ, that successfully responded to a single 500 mg dose of i.v. RTX. Before RTX peripheral B-cells were low, and were totally depleted immediately after therapy. Follow-up analysis 4 years post ALTZ and 1 year post RTX showed persistent depletion of B cells, and reduction of T regulatory cells in both peripheral blood and thyroid tissue obtained at thyroidectomy. Conclusion: RTX therapy successfully inactivated TED in a patient with low B-cell count derived from previous ALTZ treatment. B-cell depletion in both thyroid and peripheral blood was still present 1 year after RTX, indicating a likely cumulative effect of both treatments.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Rituximab/adverse effects ; Graves Ophthalmopathy/chemically induced ; Alemtuzumab/adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use ; Graves Disease/drug therapy ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Rituximab (4F4X42SYQ6) ; Alemtuzumab (3A189DH42V) ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2659767-6
ISSN	2235-0802 ; 2235-0640
ISSN (online)	2235-0802
ISSN	2235-0640
DOI	10.1530/ETJ-23-0236
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Article ; Online: A new national survey of centers for cognitive disorders and dementias in Italy.

Bacigalupo, Ilaria / Giaquinto, Francesco / Salvi, Emanuela / Carnevale, Giulia / Vaccaro, Roberta / Matascioli, Fabio / Remoli, Giulia / Vanacore, Nicola / Lorenzini, Patrizia

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology

2023 Volume 45, Issue 2, Page(s) 525–538

Abstract: Introduction: A new national survey has been carried out by the Italian Centers for Cognitive Disorders and Dementias (CCDDs). The aim of this new national survey is to provide a comprehensive description of the characteristics, organizational aspects ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: A new national survey has been carried out by the Italian Centers for Cognitive Disorders and Dementias (CCDDs). The aim of this new national survey is to provide a comprehensive description of the characteristics, organizational aspects of the CCDDs, and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A list of all national CCDDs was requested from the delegates of each Italian region. The online questionnaire is divided in two main sections: a profile section, containing information on location and accessibility, and a data collection form covering organization, services, treatments, activities, and any service interruptions caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. Results: In total, 511 out of 534 (96%) facilities completed the profile section, while 450 out of 534 (84%) CCDDs also completed the data collection form. Almost half of the CCDDs (55.1%) operated for 3 or fewer days a week. About one-third of the facilities had at least two professional figures among neurologists, geriatricians and psychiatrists. In 2020, only a third of facilities were open all the time, but in 2021, two-thirds of the facilities were open. Conclusion: This paper provides an update on the current status of CCDDs in Italy, which still shows considerable heterogeneity. The survey revealed a modest improvement in the functioning of CCDDs, although substantial efforts are still required to ensure the diagnosis and care of patients with dementia.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pandemics ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy ; Cognition Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Dementia/diagnosis ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Dementia/therapy ; Italy/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-18
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2016546-8
ISSN	1590-3478 ; 1590-1874
ISSN (online)	1590-3478
ISSN	1590-1874
DOI	10.1007/s10072-023-06958-8
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