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Article ; Online: Sex and gender considerations in Alzheimer’s disease

Laura Castro-Aldrete / Michele V. Moser / Guido Putignano / Maria Teresa Ferretti / Annemarie Schumacher Dimech / Antonella Santuccione Chadha

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Vol

The Women’s Brain Project contribution

2023 Volume 15

Abstract: ... with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias by 2050, posing a severe health crisis. Dementia is a progressive ... patient journeys should be considered. In the heart of a rapidly aging worldwide population, the Women’s ... global discussion. WBP is now in the initial phases of establishing the world’s first Sex and Gender ...

Abstract	The global population is expected to have about 131.5 million people living with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias by 2050, posing a severe health crisis. Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that gradually impairs physical and cognitive functions. Dementia has a variety of causes, symptoms, and heterogeneity concerning the influence of sex on prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes. The proportion of male-to-female prevalence varies based on the type of dementia. Despite some types of dementia being more common in men, women have a greater lifetime risk of developing dementia. AD is the most common form of dementia in which approximately two-thirds of the affected persons are women. Profound sex and gender differences in physiology and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions have increasingly been identified. As a result, new approaches to dementia diagnosis, care, and patient journeys should be considered. In the heart of a rapidly aging worldwide population, the Women’s Brain Project (WBP) was born from the necessity to address the sex and gender gap in AD. WBP is now a well-established international non-profit organization with a global multidisciplinary team of experts studying sex and gender determinants in the brain and mental health. WBP works with different stakeholders worldwide to help change perceptions and reduce sex biases in clinical and preclinical research and policy frameworks. With its strong female leadership, WBP is an example of the importance of female professionals’ work in the field of dementia research. WBP-led peer-reviewed papers, articles, books, lectures, and various initiatives in the policy and advocacy space have profoundly impacted the community and driven global discussion. WBP is now in the initial phases of establishing the world’s first Sex and Gender Precision Medicine Institute. This review highlights the contributions of the WBP team to the field of AD. This review aims to increase awareness of potentially important aspects of basic ...
Keywords	Alzheimer’s disease ; sex differences ; digital therapeutics ; precision medicine ; Women’s Brain Project ; artificial intelligence ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: University makes me angry: Investigating stimulus-response (S-R) and cognitive-mediation (C-M) emotion beliefs in undergraduate students.

Turner, Martin J / Boatwright, Daniel / Evans, Andrew L / Garip, Gulcan / Chandler, Charlotte / Chadha, Nanaki J / Wood, Andrew G

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e0294777

Abstract: ... response (S-R) generation beliefs and cognitive mediation (C-M) change beliefs. In working populations S-R ...

Abstract	Emotion regulation through cognitive reappraisal is well-studied, but less so are the predispositional and superordinate beliefs that influence reappraisal. Recently, researchers developed the cognitive mediation beliefs questionnaire (CMBQ), which measures two emotion beliefs, namely stimulus-response (S-R) generation beliefs and cognitive mediation (C-M) change beliefs. In working populations S-R generation beliefs are inversely related to cognitive reappraisal tendencies and positive mental health, and positively related to emotion reactivity. C-M change beliefs are positively related to cognitive reappraisal tendencies, and inversely related to emotion reactivity and positive mental health. As yet, there is no evidence for the validity of the CMBQ within student samples, or for the associations between its subscales and cognitive reappraisal, emotion reactivity, and positive mental health. Therefore, in the present study the CMBQ is tested for factorial, convergent (associations with cognitive reappraisal), and concurrent (associations with emotion reactivity and positive mental health) validity in a cohort of 621 undergraduate students in the United Kingdom (U.K.). Results indicate support for the factorial and convergent validity of the CMBQ, with mixed evidence for the concurrent validity of the CMBQ. A CM-SR discrepancy score appeared to provide a promising variable when associated with emotion reactivity and positive mental health. The findings are discussed in terms of practical and research implications of the findings.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Universities ; Emotions/physiology ; Anger ; Students/psychology ; Cognition/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0294777
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Article ; Online: Knowing your ABCs: Extending the assessment of stimulus-response (S-R) and cognitive-mediation (C-M) beliefs.

Turner, Martin J / Chadha, Nanaki J / Wood, Andrew G

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) e0269928

Abstract: ... in the cognitive mediation beliefs questionnaire (CMBQa), namely stimulus-response (S-R) generation beliefs and ... and S-R change beliefs, are yet to be operationalised in psychometric form. It is important ... which concerns only C-M generation beliefs and S-R change beliefs, and then tests the four-factor structure ...

Abstract	Recently, researchers have proposed four superordinate emotion beliefs that supposedly influence emotion regulation and emotion reactivity. Two of these proposed emotion beliefs are captured in the cognitive mediation beliefs questionnaire (CMBQa), namely stimulus-response (S-R) generation beliefs and cognitive mediation (C-M) change beliefs. The remaining two proposed emotion beliefs, C-M generation beliefs and S-R change beliefs, are yet to be operationalised in psychometric form. It is important to validate measurement for all four emotion beliefs in order for them to be used in research and practice. The current paper reports the development and initial validity testing of the CMBQb (studies 1-3), which concerns only C-M generation beliefs and S-R change beliefs, and then tests the four-factor structure of the combined CMBQa (S-R generation, C-M change) and CMBQb (C-M generation, S-R change): the CMBQc (study 4). Some support was found for the four-factor structure of the CMBQc, with factor analyses revealing good fit to the data with a four-factor solution. Also, scores indicating greater C-M generation and change beliefs, and lower S-R generation and change beliefs, were related to more adaptive, and less maladaptive, emotion regulation tendencies. In addition, there was some evidence that greater C-M change beliefs, and lower S-R generation and change belief, were related to better affective and emotion reactivity outcomes. Implications of the CMBQc for research and practice are discussed within the context and emotion regulation science, and cognitive behavioural psychotherapy.
MeSH term(s)	Cognition ; Emotions/physiology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Psychometrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0269928
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Article ; Online: Deep Learning Paradigm for Cardiovascular Disease/Stroke Risk Stratification in Parkinson’s Disease Affected by COVID-19

Jasjit S. Suri / Mahesh A. Maindarkar / Sudip Paul / Puneet Ahluwalia / Mrinalini Bhagawati / Luca Saba / Gavino Faa / Sanjay Saxena / Inder M. Singh / Paramjit S. Chadha / Monika Turk / Amer Johri / Narendra N. Khanna / Klaudija Viskovic / Sofia Mavrogeni / John R. Laird / Martin Miner / David W. Sobel / Antonella Balestrieri /

Diagnostics, Vol 12, Iss 1543, p

A Narrative Review

2022 Volume 1543

Abstract: Background and Motivation : Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most serious, non-curable, and ...

Abstract	Background and Motivation : Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most serious, non-curable, and expensive to treat. Recently, machine learning (ML) has shown to be able to predict cardiovascular/stroke risk in PD patients. The presence of COVID-19 causes the ML systems to become severely non-linear and poses challenges in cardiovascular/stroke risk stratification. Further, due to comorbidity, sample size constraints, and poor scientific and clinical validation techniques, there have been no well-explained ML paradigms. Deep neural networks are powerful learning machines that generalize non-linear conditions. This study presents a novel investigation of deep learning (DL) solutions for CVD/stroke risk prediction in PD patients affected by the COVID-19 framework. Method : The PRISMA search strategy was used for the selection of 292 studies closely associated with the effect of PD on CVD risk in the COVID-19 framework. We study the hypothesis that PD in the presence of COVID-19 can cause more harm to the heart and brain than in non-COVID-19 conditions. COVID-19 lung damage severity can be used as a covariate during DL training model designs. We, therefore, propose a DL model for the estimation of, (i) COVID-19 lesions in computed tomography (CT) scans and (ii) combining the covariates of PD, COVID-19 lesions, office and laboratory arterial atherosclerotic image-based biomarkers, and medicine usage for the PD patients for the design of DL point-based models for CVD/stroke risk stratification. Results : We validated the feasibility of CVD/stroke risk stratification in PD patients in the presence of a COVID-19 environment and this was also verified. DL architectures like long short-term memory (LSTM), and recurrent neural network (RNN) were studied for CVD/stroke risk stratification showing powerful designs. Lastly, we examined the artificial intelligence bias and provided recommendations for early detection of CVD/stroke in PD patients in the presence of COVID-19. Conclusion : The DL is a very powerful tool for ...
Keywords	Parkinson’s disease ; COVID-19 ; cardiovascular/stroke risk stratification ; deep learning ; bias ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Conference proceedings ; Online: Identifying and selecting socio-technical innovations for women’s empowerment and resilience

Gartaula, Hom Nath / Nchanji, Eileen / Mukhopadhyay, Prama / Molla, Dessalegn / Lutomia, Cosmos / Chadha, Deepali / Mapedza, Everisto / Puskur, Ranjitha

A framework for conducting situational analysis ; CGIAR GENDER Conference, From research to impact: Towards just and resilient agri-food systems

2023

Keywords	gender ; innovation ; innovation systems ; innovation adoption ; women's empowerment ; frameworks ; methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-03T05:31:53Z
Publisher	CGIAR System Organization
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Purification and characterisation of (S)-specific alcohol dehydrogenase from Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330

Pinto, Jerrina / Chadha, Anju / Gummadi, Sathyanarayana N.

Biochemical engineering journal. 2022 Apr., v. 181

2022

Abstract: ... to produce chiral alcohols. In this study, the (S) - specific alcohol dehydrogenase (S-ADH) enzyme was ... purified from Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330. It asymmetrically reduced acetophenone to (S)-1-phenylethanol ... i.e., oxidation of 1-phenylethanol, S-ADH produced (R)-1-phenylethanol with > 99% ee via kinetic ...

Abstract	Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyses reversible reduction of carbonyl group to its corresponding alcohols and have been widely employed as versatile biocatalyst due to its high enantioselectivity to produce chiral alcohols. In this study, the (S) - specific alcohol dehydrogenase (S-ADH) enzyme was purified from Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330. It asymmetrically reduced acetophenone to (S)-1-phenylethanol with > 99% ee with an effective substrate coupled approach for cofactor recycling. In the reverse reaction, i.e., oxidation of 1-phenylethanol, S-ADH produced (R)-1-phenylethanol with > 99% ee via kinetic resolution. S-ADH is a zinc dependent medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase. It was found to be a tetramer in nature with subunit molecular mass of 40 kDa catalysing oxidation and reduction reactions only using NAD⁺ and NADH as the cofactors respectively with higher affinity for NAD⁺. Further biochemical characterisation indicated that His and Cys residues play a crucial role in the enzymatic catalysis and requires a reducing environment at the active site. S-ADH was stable at pH 6.0 in reducing acetophenone and pH 8.0 in oxidising 1-phenylethanol at 45 °C with the t₁/₂ of 6.8 h and 9.0 h respectively. Therefore, purified S-ADH would be a useful biocatalyst in the synthesis of enantiopure (S)- and (R)-1-phenylethanol which are used in the fragrance preparation.
Keywords	Candida parapsilosis ; acetophenones ; active sites ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; biocatalysts ; catalytic activity ; enantiomers ; enantioselectivity ; molecular weight ; odors ; oxidation ; pH ; zinc
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2012139-8
ISSN	1369-703X
ISSN	1369-703X
DOI	10.1016/j.bej.2022.108406
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Substrate selectivity and kinetic studies of (S)-specific alcohol dehydrogenase purified from Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330

Pinto, Jerrina / Chadha, Anju / Gummadi, Sathyanarayana N.

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology. 2022 Aug., v. 43

2022

Abstract: ... synthesis of chiral alcohols. This study reports the broad substrate specificity of NADH dependent (S ... specific alcohol dehydrogenase (S-ADH) purified from Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330. The substrates ... are the most preferred substrates of S-ADH with highest catalytic efficiencies reported for reduction ...

Abstract	Biocatalytic reduction catalysed by alcohol dehydrogenases is a valuable tool for asymmetric synthesis of chiral alcohols. This study reports the broad substrate specificity of NADH dependent (S) - specific alcohol dehydrogenase (S-ADH) purified from Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330. The substrates for this enzyme include aliphatic and aromatic ketones, cyclic and diketones, aldehydes, ketoesters, primary and secondary alcohols. The kinetic studies of different substrates indicate that ketones and secondary alcohols are the most preferred substrates of S-ADH with highest catalytic efficiencies reported for reduction of acetone (4153 s⁻¹mM⁻¹) and oxidation of 2-propanol (1358 s⁻¹mM⁻¹). The double reciprocal plots obtained for varied concentrations of acetophenone (0.2–16 mM) at a fixed concentration of NADH (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mM) and with varied concentrations of NADH (0.01–0.2 mM) at a fixed concentration of acetophenone (1, 4, 8 and 16 mM) showed intersecting lines indicating sequential kinetic mechanism. S-ADH follows Prelog's stereopreference in reducing prochiral carbonyl substrates to yield (S)-alcohols with >99% enantiomeric excess using a simple coupled substrate approach for cofactor recycling.
Keywords	Candida parapsilosis ; acetone ; acetophenones ; agricultural biotechnology ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; biocatalysis ; isopropyl alcohol ; oxidation ; stereoselective synthesis ; substrate specificity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-08
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2642052-1
ISSN	1878-8181
ISSN	1878-8181
DOI	10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102410
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Teaching 2.0: What’s Growth Mindset and Psychological Safety Got to Do with It?

Chadha, Nisha

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

2020 Volume 12, Issue 01, Page(s) e20–e21

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01
Publisher	Thieme Medical Publishers
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2897840-7
ISSN	2475-4757 ; 2475-4757
ISSN (online)	2475-4757
ISSN	2475-4757
DOI	10.1055/s-0040-1703017
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article: Construct a legitimate tax plan that minimizes a multinational technology company’s taxes

Chadha, Payal

Inventi impact: emerging economies , No. 1 , p. 23-27

2017 , Issue 1, Page(s) 23–27

Author's details	Payal Chadha
Keywords	Information and communication technology ; Digital markets ; Tax ; Multinational technology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-9999
Publisher	IJPL
Publishing place	Bhopal
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2681333-6
ISSN	2249-0949
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Article ; Online: Combating fungal phytopathogens with human salivary antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 through a multi-target mechanism.

Chadha, Sonia

World journal of microbiology & biotechnology

2023 Volume 39, Issue 8, Page(s) 215

Abstract: Blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a major contributor to decreased crop yield and rice production globally. The use of chemical fungicides to combat crop pathogens is not only unsafe but also promotes the emergence of pathogenic variants, ... ...

Abstract	Blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a major contributor to decreased crop yield and rice production globally. The use of chemical fungicides to combat crop pathogens is not only unsafe but also promotes the emergence of pathogenic variants, leading to recurrent host infections. To address plant diseases, antimicrobial peptides have emerged as a promising alternative as they are effective, safe, and biodegradable antifungal agents. This study examines the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of the human salivary peptide histatin 5 (Hst5) on M. oryzae. Hst5 causes morphogenetic defects in the fungus, including non-uniform chitin distribution on the fungal cell wall and septa, deformed hyphal branching, and cell lysis. Importantly, a pore-forming mechanism of Hst5 in M. oryzae was ruled out. Furthermore, the interaction of Hst5 with the M. oryzae genomic DNA suggests that the peptide may also influence gene expression in the blast fungus. In addition to its effects on morphogenetic defects and cell lysis, Hst5 also inhibits conidial germination, appressorium formation, and the appearance of blast lesions on rice leaves. The elucidated multi-target antifungal mechanism of Hst5 in M. oryzae provides an environmentally friendly alternative to combating blast infections in rice by preventing fungal pathogenicity. The promising antifungal characteristics of the AMP peptide may also be explored for other crop pathogens, making it a potential biofungicide for the future.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Antifungal Agents/metabolism ; Histatins/pharmacology ; Histatins/metabolism ; Antimicrobial Peptides ; Oryza/microbiology ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides/metabolism ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides/pharmacology ; Magnaporthe ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Fungal Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Antifungal Agents ; Histatins ; Antimicrobial Peptides ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides ; Fungal Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1499109-3
ISSN	1573-0972 ; 0959-3993
ISSN (online)	1573-0972
ISSN	0959-3993
DOI	10.1007/s11274-023-03667-4
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