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Article ; Online: Guardians' perceptions of caring for a dog with canine cognitive dysfunction.

Taylor, Tracey L / Smith, Bradley P / Hazel, Susan J

2023 Volume 194, Issue 2, Page(s) e3266

Abstract: Background: Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to diagnose, as its clinical signs are similar to those of other age-related conditions. The experience of caring for a senior dog with or without CCD is not ...

Abstract	Background: Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to diagnose, as its clinical signs are similar to those of other age-related conditions. The experience of caring for a senior dog with or without CCD is not well described. Methods: Data were collected via an online survey. Using a mixed methods design, the level of CCD and burden of care were measured using validated tools, and open-ended questions gathered qualitative data. A general linear model showed the factors associated with guardian burden of care. Results: Sixteen percent of guardians experienced a clinically significant burden of care. Factors associated with burden of care included severity of CCD, sleep location, guardian employment, household size, dog age, guardian age and the dog taking medication. Few dogs with CCD were prescribed CCD medications to ameliorate clinical signs. Euthanasia, strong attachment mitigating burden and the complexities of caregiving were themes presented by guardians. Limitations: Measures are based on self-reports and as such the usual limitations apply. Conclusions: The burden of caring for an older dog is greater if they have CCD. More attention to the treatment of senior dogs, including medications to reduce clinical signs of CCD, could improve the welfare of older dogs and decrease the clinical burden experienced by guardians.
MeSH term(s)	Dogs ; Animals ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/veterinary ; Dog Diseases/diagnosis ; Euthanasia, Animal ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1002/vetr.3266
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: What’s the fuzz

Susan J. Hazel / Carly Holman / Kirrilly Thompson

Human-Animal Interactions, Vol

The frequency, practice and perceptions of equine facial hair trimming revealed in a survey of horse owners in Australia

2023 Volume 2023

Abstract: Abstract Recently, equine organizations from multiple countries around the world, including Australia, have implemented bans on the trimming of vibrissae (sensory hairs located around the muzzle and eyes) of horses competing in their events. These hairs ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Recently, equine organizations from multiple countries around the world, including Australia, have implemented bans on the trimming of vibrissae (sensory hairs located around the muzzle and eyes) of horses competing in their events. These hairs are likely to have sensory functions that are important to horses, and the ban is based on welfare grounds. The aims of this study were to determine: the proportions of horse owners trimming equine facial hairs (ear and muzzle hair) across different types of equestrian disciplines in Australia, the types of equine facial hairs trimmed, whether horses were restrained for trimming, and attitudes related to the practice. An online survey of Australian horse owners was advertised through organizations involving equine competitive sports. A total of 422 responses were obtained, with respondents mostly female and a wide range of age groups. Respondents involved in showing competitions were more likely to trim muzzle and ear hairs than the other competition types. Respondents in showing competitions more commonly believed that trimming muzzle and ear hairs was a normal practice in their discipline, made it more likely a horse would win, and that horses did not need muzzle or ear hairs for day-to-day living. The results of this study provide valuable insight into the widespread trimming of horse muzzle and ear hairs in some horse disciplines prior to the implementation of the ban in Australia. The information gained may also be useful for the design and implementation of behaviour change interventions for other management and presentation practices used for horses and other animals. Further studies are needed to determine if and how the practice and attitudes to facial hair trimming in horses have changed with the enforcement of the ban.
Keywords	sensory hairs ; equine ; welfare ; attitudes ; human-animal interactions ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centre for Agriculture and Biodiversity International
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The moral deliberation pathway in veterinary practice: a qualitative study.

Arbe Montoya, Alejandra I / Matthew, Susan M / Jarden, Aaron / Hazel, Susan J / McArthur, Michelle L

The Veterinary record

2023 Volume 193, Issue 8, Page(s) e3173

Abstract: Background: Veterinarians may face various ethical decisions and potential moral conflicts in clinical practice. The ethical decision-making process often leads to a satisfying resolution. However, when such a process is accompanied by a perceived ... ...

Abstract	Background: Veterinarians may face various ethical decisions and potential moral conflicts in clinical practice. The ethical decision-making process often leads to a satisfying resolution. However, when such a process is accompanied by a perceived inability to act according to a person's values, it can lead to psychological distress that characterises moral distress. Theoretical models in professions such as nursing attempt to explain the evolution of moral conflict into moral distress. In veterinary professionals, a model has been proposed to explain this pathway (the moral deliberation pathway). However, empirical data are still lacking on whether veterinary clinicians experience a moral deliberation pathway as hypothesised. Methods: Using thematic analysis, this qualitative study investigates veterinary clinicians' experiences with moral distress and aims to explain the moral deliberation pathway in these veterinarians. Results: The results suggest that veterinarians' experiences with moral distress follow a deliberation process that can be explained by the proposed moral deliberation pathway. Experiencing a moral conflict leads to moral stress, then either to moral distress or resolution into moral comfort. Limitations: Self-selection of participants and possible recollection bias may have biased the findings. Conclusions: The empirical data provided by this study can inform future research and intervention strategies to identify, measure and manage moral distress in the veterinary context.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Morals ; Qualitative Research ; Veterinarians/psychology ; Psychological Distress
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1002/vetr.3173
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Article ; Online: Guardians’ perceptions of caring for a dog with canine cognitive dysfunction

Taylor, Tracey L. / Smith, Bradley P. / Hazel, Susan J.

Veterinary Record. 2024 Jan. 20, v. 194, no. 2 p.e3266-

2024

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to diagnose, as its clinical signs are similar to those of other age‐related conditions. The experience of caring for a senior dog with or without CCD is not ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to diagnose, as its clinical signs are similar to those of other age‐related conditions. The experience of caring for a senior dog with or without CCD is not well described. METHODS: Data were collected via an online survey. Using a mixed methods design, the level of CCD and burden of care were measured using validated tools, and open‐ended questions gathered qualitative data. A general linear model showed the factors associated with guardian burden of care. RESULTS: Sixteen percent of guardians experienced a clinically significant burden of care. Factors associated with burden of care included severity of CCD, sleep location, guardian employment, household size, dog age, guardian age and the dog taking medication. Few dogs with CCD were prescribed CCD medications to ameliorate clinical signs. Euthanasia, strong attachment mitigating burden and the complexities of caregiving were themes presented by guardians. LIMITATIONS: Measures are based on self‐reports and as such the usual limitations apply. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of caring for an older dog is greater if they have CCD. More attention to the treatment of senior dogs, including medications to reduce clinical signs of CCD, could improve the welfare of older dogs and decrease the clinical burden experienced by guardians.
Keywords	cognitive disorders ; dogs ; drug therapy ; employment ; euthanasia ; linear models ; neurodegenerative diseases ; sleep ; surveys
Language	English
Dates of publication	2024-0120
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1002/vetr.3266
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Understanding the Role of Therapy Dogs in Human Health Promotion.

McDowall, Sonya / Hazel, Susan J / Cobb, Mia / Hamilton-Bruce, Anne

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 10

Abstract: Dogs may provide humans with a range of physical, mental and social benefits. Whilst there is growing scientific evidence of benefits to humans, there has been less focus on the impact to canine health, welfare and ethical considerations for the dogs. ... ...

Abstract	Dogs may provide humans with a range of physical, mental and social benefits. Whilst there is growing scientific evidence of benefits to humans, there has been less focus on the impact to canine health, welfare and ethical considerations for the dogs. The importance of animal welfare is increasingly acknowledged, indicating that the Ottawa Charter should be extended to include the welfare of non-human animals supporting the promotion of human health. Therapy dog programmes are delivered across a variety of settings including hospitals, aged care facilities and mental health services, highlighting the important role they play in human health outcomes. Research has shown that that there are biomarkers for stress in humans and other animals engaged in human-animal interactions. This review aims to assess the impact of human-animal interactions on therapy dogs engaged in providing support to human health. While challenging, it is paramount to ensure that, within the framework of One Welfare, the welfare of therapy dogs is included, as it is a key factor for future sustainability. We identified a range of concerns due to the lack of guidelines and standards to protect the wellbeing of the dogs engaged in these programmes. Extension of the Ottawa Charter to include the welfare of non-human animals with leveraging through a One Welfare approach would promote animal and human health beyond current boundaries.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Dogs ; Aged ; Therapy Animals ; Health Promotion ; Animal Welfare
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20105801
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Cats just want to have fun: Associations between play and welfare in domestic cats.

Henning, Julia / Nielsen, Torben / Fernandez, Eduardo / Hazel, Susan

Animal welfare (South Mimms, England)

2023 Volume 32, Page(s) e9

Abstract: Play is often considered an indicator and promotor of animal welfare and may facilitate closer cat-human relationships. However, few studies have empirically investigated these associations. The current study aimed to investigate play-related factors ... ...

Abstract	Play is often considered an indicator and promotor of animal welfare and may facilitate closer cat-human relationships. However, few studies have empirically investigated these associations. The current study aimed to investigate play-related factors associated with four welfare outcome measures in cats (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0962-7286
ISSN	0962-7286
DOI	10.1017/awf.2023.2
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Article ; Online: The moral deliberation pathway in veterinary practice: a qualitative study

Arbe Montoya, Alejandra I. / Matthew, Susan M. / Jarden, Aaron / Hazel, Susan J. / McArthur, Michelle L.

Veterinary Record. 2023 Oct. 21, v. 193, no. 8 p.e3173-

2023

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Veterinarians may face various ethical decisions and potential moral conflicts in clinical practice. The ethical decision‐making process often leads to a satisfying resolution. However, when such a process is accompanied by a perceived ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Veterinarians may face various ethical decisions and potential moral conflicts in clinical practice. The ethical decision‐making process often leads to a satisfying resolution. However, when such a process is accompanied by a perceived inability to act according to a person's values, it can lead to psychological distress that characterises moral distress. Theoretical models in professions such as nursing attempt to explain the evolution of moral conflict into moral distress. In veterinary professionals, a model has been proposed to explain this pathway (the moral deliberation pathway). However, empirical data are still lacking on whether veterinary clinicians experience a moral deliberation pathway as hypothesised. METHODS: Using thematic analysis, this qualitative study investigates veterinary clinicians’ experiences with moral distress and aims to explain the moral deliberation pathway in these veterinarians. RESULTS: The results suggest that veterinarians’ experiences with moral distress follow a deliberation process that can be explained by the proposed moral deliberation pathway. Experiencing a moral conflict leads to moral stress, then either to moral distress or resolution into moral comfort. LIMITATIONS: Self‐selection of participants and possible recollection bias may have biased the findings. CONCLUSIONS: The empirical data provided by this study can inform future research and intervention strategies to identify, measure and manage moral distress in the veterinary context.
Keywords	decision making ; distress ; ethics ; evolution ; models ; qualitative analysis ; veterinary clinics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-1021
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1002/vetr.3173
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The Impact of the Social Determinants of Human Health on Companion Animal Welfare.

McDowall, Sonya / Hazel, Susan J / Chittleborough, Catherine / Hamilton-Bruce, Anne / Stuckey, Rwth / Howell, Tiffani J

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2023 Volume 13, Issue 6

Abstract: The social determinants of health (SDH) focus on the social, physical and economic factors that impact human health. Studies have revealed that animal guardians face a range of challenges in attaining positive welfare outcomes for their companion animals, ...

Abstract	The social determinants of health (SDH) focus on the social, physical and economic factors that impact human health. Studies have revealed that animal guardians face a range of challenges in attaining positive welfare outcomes for their companion animals, which can be influenced by socioeconomic and environmental factors. Despite this, there is a lack of research specifically exploring the relationship between SDH and animal welfare outcomes. Given that the SDH impact on humans, which in turn directly impacts on their companion animal, it is important to adapt an SDH framework for companion animal welfare by characterising the impact of the SDH on companion animal guardians in their attempts to care for their animals and, by extension, the associated welfare outcomes. This paper explores how these human health determinants may impact animal welfare and the possible challenges that may arise for the guardian when attempting to meet their companion animal's welfare needs. By integrating the SDH with other key frameworks, including the five domains model of animal welfare, through multidisciplinary collaboration, this framework can be used to inform future programs aiming to improve animal welfare.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani13061113
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Tuning the Wavelength: Manipulation of Light Signaling to Control Plant Defense.

Breen, Susan / McLellan, Hazel / Birch, Paul R J / Gilroy, Eleanor M

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 4

Abstract: The growth-defense trade-off in plants is a phenomenon whereby plants must balance the allocation of their resources between developmental growth and defense against attack by pests and pathogens. Consequently, there are a series of points where growth ... ...

Abstract	The growth-defense trade-off in plants is a phenomenon whereby plants must balance the allocation of their resources between developmental growth and defense against attack by pests and pathogens. Consequently, there are a series of points where growth signaling can negatively regulate defenses and where defense signaling can inhibit growth. Light perception by various photoreceptors has a major role in the control of growth and thus many points where it can influence defense. Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate defense signaling in their hosts. Evidence is emerging that some of these effectors target light signaling pathways. Several effectors from different kingdoms of life have converged on key chloroplast processes to take advantage of regulatory crosstalk. Moreover, plant pathogens also perceive and react to light in complex ways to regulate their own growth, development, and virulence. Recent work has shown that varying light wavelengths may provide a novel way of controlling or preventing disease outbreaks in plants.
MeSH term(s)	Plants/metabolism ; Light Signal Transduction ; Signal Transduction ; Virulence ; Chloroplasts ; Plant Diseases ; Plant Immunity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24043803
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Article ; Online: Why do veterinarians leave clinical practice? A qualitative study using thematic analysis.

Arbe Montoya, Alejandra I / Hazel, Susan J / Matthew, Susan M / McArthur, Michelle L

The Veterinary record

2021 Volume 188, Issue 1, Page(s) e2

Abstract: Background: Veterinarians have an important role in society and having an adequate veterinary workforce is important not only for their communities but also nationwide. Lately, there have been anecdotal reports regarding veterinary practices struggling ... ...

Abstract	Background: Veterinarians have an important role in society and having an adequate veterinary workforce is important not only for their communities but also nationwide. Lately, there have been anecdotal reports regarding veterinary practices struggling to find clinicians as well as evidence of mental ill-health in veterinarians. Furthermore, the Australian Veterinary Association annual workforce survey shows an increased percentage of veterinarians intending to leave practice from 2017 to 2019. Although many factors for attrition have been described in other professions, reasons for veterinarians to leave practice are not well understood. Methods: This study investigated why veterinary clinicians leave clinical practice by using Thematic Analysis to analyse 26 semi-structured interviews of former veterinary clinicians in relation to their work experiences and reasons for leaving. Interviews were done from February-April 2018 either face to face, via teleconferencing, or telephone. Participants were recruited from each Australian state except for New South Wales. Results: The results showed that a combination of personal and work-related factors influenced the participants to leave clinical practice. In Personal Factors, participants described the internal and external circumstances that impacted on their personal lives such as personal relationships, experiencing negative thoughts and emotions, physical and mental health, core motivations and beliefs, alternative professional and personal interests. On the other hand, Work Experiences described situations, experiences, and statements directly related to the participant's veterinary clinical work such as workplace relationships, employment conditions including remuneration and working hours and clinical experiences such as negative clinical outcomes. Furthermore, interlinkages between these two themes were revealed in participants' responses. Conclusion: This study highlights factors that contribute to attrition from veterinary clinical practice. The narrative indicates that the interlinking of such factors influenced the decision-making process to leave clinical practice in this cohort of former veterinary clinicians. Further research is required to understand the full implications for veterinary clinical practice and inform intervention strategies for retention.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Australia ; Employment ; Humans ; Qualitative Research ; Veterinarians ; Workforce
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1002/vetr.2
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