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Article: [Genetic analysis of a fetus with de novo 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(q26;q11)].

Wang, Yongan / Zhang, Rong / Yin, Ting / Wang, Zhiwei / Zheng, Anshun / Wang, Leilei

Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics

2023 Volume 40, Issue 5, Page(s) 593–597

Abstract: Objective: To carry out prenatal genetic testing for a fetus with de novo 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(q26 ... q11 segment of the fetal Y chromosome was connected to the Xq26 of the X chromosome, suggesting a Xq ... at the end of the long arm of the Y chromosome [arr [hg19] Yq11.221qter(17405918_59032809)×1]. Combined ...

Abstract	Objective: To carry out prenatal genetic testing for a fetus with de novo 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(q26;q11). Methods: A pregnant woman who had visited the Birth Health Clinic of Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital on May 22, 2021 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the woman was collected. Peripheral blood samples of the woman and her husband and umbilical cord blood of the fetus were collected and subjected to conventional G-banded chromosomal karyotyping analysis. Fetal DNA was also extracted from amniotic fluid sample and subjected to chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Results: For the pregnant women, ultrasonography at 25th gestational week had revealed permanent left superior vena cava and mild mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. G-banded karyotyping analysis showed that the pter-q11 segment of the fetal Y chromosome was connected to the Xq26 of the X chromosome, suggesting a Xq-Yq reciprocal translocation. No obvious chromosomal abnormality was found in the pregnant woman and her husband. The CMA results showed that there was approximately 21 Mb loss of heterozygosity at the end of the long arm of the fetal X chromosome [arr [hg19] Xq26.3q28(133912218_154941869)×1], and 42 Mb duplication at the end of the long arm of the Y chromosome [arr [hg19] Yq11.221qter(17405918_59032809)×1]. Combined with the search results of DGV, OMIM, DECIPHER, ClinGen and PubMed databases, and based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the deletion of arr[hg19] Xq26.3q28(133912218_154941869)×1 region was rated as pathogenic, and the duplication of arr[hg19] Yq11.221qter(17405918_59032809)×1 region was rated as variant of uncertain significance. Conclusion: The Xq-Yq reciprocal translocation probably underlay the ultrasonographic anomalies in this fetus, and may lead to premature ovarian insufficiency and developmental delay after birth. Combined G-banded karyotyping analysis and CMA can determine the type and origin of fetal chromosomal structural abnormalities as well as distinguish balanced and unbalanced translocations, which has important reference value for the ongoing pregnancy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Vena Cava, Superior ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Karyotyping ; Translocation, Genetic ; Fetus ; Prenatal Diagnosis/methods
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2023-04-27
Publishing country	China
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ISSN	1003-9406
ISSN	1003-9406
DOI	10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20220728-00502
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Article ; Online: Structural bioinformatics studies of glutamate transporters and their AlphaFold2 predicted water-soluble QTY variants and uncovering the natural mutations of L->Q, I->T, F->Y and Q->L, T->I and Y->F.

Karagöl, Alper / Karagöl, Taner / Smorodina, Eva / Zhang, Shuguang

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) e0289644

Abstract: ... threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y). The QTY variants exhibited water-solubility, with four having identical ... I->T, F->Y and Q->L, T->I, Y->F in these transporters. Some of these natural variations were benign and ...

Abstract	Glutamate transporters play key roles in nervous physiology by modulating excitatory neurotransmitter levels, when malfunctioning, involving in a wide range of neurological and physiological disorders. However, integral transmembrane proteins including the glutamate transporters remain notoriously difficult to study, due to their localization within the cell membrane. Here we present the structural bioinformatics studies of glutamate transporters and their water-soluble variants generated through QTY-code, a protein design strategy based on systematic amino acid substitutions. These include 2 structures determined by X-ray crystallography, cryo-EM, and 6 predicted by AlphaFold2, and their predicted water-soluble QTY variants. In the native structures of glutamate transporters, transmembrane helices contain hydrophobic amino acids such as leucine (L), isoleucine (I), and phenylalanine (F). To design water-soluble variants, these hydrophobic amino acids are systematically replaced by hydrophilic amino acids, namely glutamine (Q), threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y). The QTY variants exhibited water-solubility, with four having identical isoelectric focusing points (pI) and the other four having very similar pI. We present the superposed structures of the native glutamate transporters and their water-soluble QTY variants. The superposed structures displayed remarkable similarity with RMSD 0.528Å-2.456Å, despite significant protein transmembrane sequence differences (41.1%->53.8%). Additionally, we examined the differences of hydrophobicity patches between the native glutamate transporters and their QTY variants. Upon closer inspection, we discovered multiple natural variations of L->Q, I->T, F->Y and Q->L, T->I, Y->F in these transporters. Some of these natural variations were benign and the remaining were reported in specific neurological disorders. We further investigated the characteristics of hydrophobic to hydrophilic substitutions in glutamate transporters, utilizing variant analysis and evolutionary profiling. Our structural bioinformatics studies not only provided insight into the differences between the hydrophobic helices and hydrophilic helices in the glutamate transporters, but they are also expected to stimulate further study of other water-soluble transmembrane proteins.
MeSH term(s)	Water ; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG/genetics ; Amino Acids/chemistry ; Membrane Proteins ; Mutation ; Computational Biology ; Glutamates
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG ; Amino Acids ; Membrane Proteins ; Glutamates
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0289644
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Article: [Genetic study of a child carrying a maternally derived unbalanced 46,Y,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22;q11) chromosomal translocation].

Yin, Ting / Wang, Yongan / Wang, Zhiwei / Zhang, Rong / Wang, Leilei

Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics

2021 Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 376–379

Abstract: ... karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA).: Results: The child was found to have a 46,Y,der(X)t ... duplication at Yq11.221qter. His mother had a karyotype of 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22;q11). His father had a normal ... karyotype.: Conclusion: The child has carried an unbalanced translocation der(X)t(X;Y) (p22;q11) derived ...

Abstract	Objective: To explore the genetic basis for a child featuring short stature, saddle nose, cryptorchidism and mental retardation. Methods: The child and his parents were subjected to G-banded karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Results: The child was found to have a 46,Y,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22;q11)mat karyotype. CMA has revealed a 8.3 Mb deletion at Xp22.33p22.31 and a 43.3 Mb duplication at Yq11.221qter. His mother had a karyotype of 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22;q11). His father had a normal karyotype. Conclusion: The child has carried an unbalanced translocation der(X)t(X;Y) (p22;q11) derived from his mother. His clinical phenotype has correlated with the size and position of X chromosome deletion. Compared with the females, abnormal phenotypes such as mental retardation and growth retardation of male carriers are more severe.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Translocation, Genetic
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2021-04-09
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1003-9406
ISSN	1003-9406
DOI	10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20200321-00188
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Article ; Online: Structural bioinformatics studies of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine transporters and their AlphaFold2 predicted water-soluble QTY variants and uncovering the natural mutations of L->Q, I->T, F->Y and Q->L, T->I and Y->F.

Karagöl, Taner / Karagöl, Alper / Zhang, Shuguang

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) e0300340

Abstract: ... isoleucine (I) and phenylalanine (F) with hydrophilic amino acids (glutamine (Q), threonine (T) and tyrosine ... Y). The resulting QTY variants, despite significant protein transmembrane sequence differences (44 ...

Abstract	Monoamine transporters including transporters for serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine play key roles in monoaminergic synaptic signaling, involving in the molecular etiology of a wide range of neurological and physiological disorders. Despite being crucial drug targets, the study of transmembrane proteins remains challenging due to their localization within the cell membrane. To address this, we present the structural bioinformatics studies of 7 monoamine transporters and their water-soluble variants designed using the QTY code, by systematically replacing the hydrophobic amino acids leucine (L), valine (V), isoleucine (I) and phenylalanine (F) with hydrophilic amino acids (glutamine (Q), threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y). The resulting QTY variants, despite significant protein transmembrane sequence differences (44.27%-51.85%), showed similar isoelectric points (pI) and molecular weights. While their hydrophobic surfaces significantly reduced, this change resulted in a minimal structural alteration. Quantitatively, Alphafold2 predicted QTY variant structures displayed remarkable similarity with RMSD 0.492Å-1.619Å. Accompanied by the structural similarities of substituted amino acids in the context of 1.5Å electron density maps, our study revealed multiple QTY and reverse QTY variations in genomic databases. We further analyzed their phenotypical and topological characteristics. By extending evolutionary game theory to the molecular foundations of biology, we provided insights into the evolutionary dynamics of chemically distinct alpha-helices, their usage in different chemotherapeutic applications, and open possibilities of diagnostic medicine. Our study rationalizes that QTY variants of monoamine transporters may not only become distinct tools for medical, structural, and evolutionary research, but these transporters may also emerge as contemporary therapeutic targets, providing a new approach to treatment for several conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Dopamine/metabolism ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Water/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Amino Acids ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; Mutation ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X) ; Serotonin (333DO1RDJY) ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Amino Acids ; Norepinephrine (X4W3ENH1CV) ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0300340
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Article: Verification of a cryptic t(Y;15) translocation in a male with an apparent 45,X karyotype.

Qin, Shengfang / Wang, Xueyan / Wang, Jin / Zhang, Zhuo / Chen, Ximin / Yin, Yan / Ye, Mengling / Li-Ling, Jesse

Molecular cytogenetics

2022 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 3

Abstract: ... subsequently verified as cryptic translocation between chromosomes Y and 15.: Methods: DNA was extracted ... an apparent 45,X karyotype. STR analysis showed that he possessed a short arm of the Y chromosome, including ... the SRY gene; however, he was missing the long arm of the Y chromosome, including AZFa + b + c and Yqter ...

Abstract	Background: A rare disease is that an individual with a non-chimeric karyotype of 45,X develops into a male. We explored the genetic aetiology of an infertile male with an apparent 45,X karyotype, which was subsequently verified as cryptic translocation between chromosomes Y and 15. Methods: DNA was extracted from the patient's peripheral blood. A range of genetic testing was performed, including conventional chromosomal karyotyping, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis for azoospermia factor (AZF) region, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with specific probes groups of DXZ1/DYZ3, DYZ3/D15Z1/PML and SRY/D15Z1/PML, and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for genomic copy number variations (CNVs). Results: The patient was found to have an apparent 45,X karyotype. STR analysis showed that he possessed a short arm of the Y chromosome, including the SRY gene; however, he was missing the long arm of the Y chromosome, including AZFa + b + c and Yqter. A FISH assay of DXZ1 and DYZ3 probes showed a green signal of the X centromere and a red of the Y centromeric signal on a D-group-sized chromosome. By FISH assaying with D15Z1 and DYZ3 probes, chromosomes 15 and Y centromeric signals appeared closely on a single chromosome, as the PML control probe ascertained. A further FISH assay with D15Z1 and SRY probes revealed a signal of the SRY gene at the end of one arm of chromosome 15. The result of the CMA indicated a deletion with an approximate size of 45.31 Mb spanning from Yq11 to Yter. Conclusion: Our study enriched the karyotype-phenotype correlation of Y and 15 chromosomes translocation. It strengthened the critical roles of molecular genetic techniques in identifying the chromosomal breakpoints and regions involved. Genetic aetiology can guide early intervention in childhood and assisted reproduction in adulthood.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2420849-8
ISSN	1755-8166
ISSN	1755-8166
DOI	10.1186/s13039-022-00581-6
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Article ; Online: Structural insights into the multivalent binding of the Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T promoter by the CO-NF-Y master transcription factor complex.

Lv, Xinchen / Zeng, Xiaolin / Hu, Hongmiao / Chen, Lixian / Zhang, Fan / Liu, Rui / Liu, Yue / Zhou, Xuelin / Wang, Changshi / Wu, Zhe / Kim, Chanhong / He, Yuehui / Du, Jiamu

The Plant cell

2021 Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 1182–1195

Abstract: ... in the photoperiod floral pathway that integrates upstream signals and activates the florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T ... gives the CO-NF-Y complex high affinity and specificity for FT promoter binding. Overall, our data ... NF-Y during the floral transition. ...

Abstract	Flowering plants sense various environmental and endogenous signals to trigger the floral transition and start the reproductive growth cycle. CONSTANS (CO) is a master transcription factor in the photoperiod floral pathway that integrates upstream signals and activates the florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). Here, we performed comprehensive structural and biochemical analyses to study the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of FT by CO in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that the four previously characterized cis-elements in the FT promoter proximal region, CORE1, CORE2, P1, and P2, are all direct CO binding sites. Structural analysis of CO in complex with NUCLEAR FACTOR-YB/YC (NF-YB/YC) and the CORE2 or CORE1 elements revealed the molecular basis for the specific recognition of the shared TGTG motifs. Biochemical analysis suggested that CO might form a homomultimeric assembly via its N-terminal B-Box domain and simultaneously occupy multiple cis-elements within the FT promoter. We suggest that this multivalent binding gives the CO-NF-Y complex high affinity and specificity for FT promoter binding. Overall, our data provide a detailed molecular model for the regulation of FT by the master transcription factor complex CO-NF-Y during the floral transition.
MeSH term(s)	Arabidopsis/genetics ; Arabidopsis/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry ; Multiprotein Complexes/genetics ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Domains ; Trans-Activators/chemistry ; Trans-Activators/genetics ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Arabidopsis Proteins ; At4g14540 protein, Arabidopsis ; CONSTANS protein, Arabidopsis ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; FT protein, Arabidopsis ; Multiprotein Complexes ; NF-YC4 protein, Arabidopsis ; Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	623171-8
ISSN	1532-298X ; 1040-4651
ISSN (online)	1532-298X
ISSN	1040-4651
DOI	10.1093/plcell/koab016
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Article: T-2 toxin induces the expression of porcine CYP3A22 via the upregulation of the transcription factor, NF-Y.

Liu, Xin / Wen, Jikai / Chen, Ruohong / Zhang, Tingting / Jiang, Jun / Deng, Yiqun

Biochimica et biophysica acta

2016 Volume 1860, Issue 10, Page(s) 2191–2201

Abstract: ... T-2 toxin. This induction of transcription by T-2 toxin was dominantly regulated by the binding of NF-Y ... Background: T-2 toxin is one of the major pollutants in crops and feedstuffs. CYP3A22, one ... of hCYP3A4 homologs, detoxifies T-2 toxin in pigs. We investigated the mechanisms of expression activation ...

Abstract	Background: T-2 toxin is one of the major pollutants in crops and feedstuffs. CYP3A22, one of hCYP3A4 homologs, detoxifies T-2 toxin in pigs. We investigated the mechanisms of expression activation of CYP3A22 under basal and induced conditions. Methods: Based on MatInspector analysis, several mutations in the CYP3A22 promoter were assayed by dual luciferase reporter to identify the function of cis elements in the region. EMSA experiments were used to assess the binding of transcription factors to the cis elements. The mRNA and protein levels of CYP3A22 and the transcription factors were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The enhancement of NF-Y binding to the CYP3A22 promoter was assayed by ChIP. Results: As predicted, two cis DNA elements in the CYP3A22 promoter, a CCAAT box and GC box, were confirmed to be crucial in the activation of CYP3A22 transcription. These two DNA motifs recruited two transcription factors, NF-Y and Sp1, which are involved in the activation of the basal transcription of CYP3A22. More interestingly, CYP3A22 expression was induced in porcine primary hepatocytes by the treatment with 0.1μg/mL T-2 toxin. This induction of transcription by T-2 toxin was dominantly regulated by the binding of NF-Y to the CCAAT box, rather than GC box, which recruits Sp1 and functions only in the constitutive expression of CYP3A22. Conclusions: Our study reveals the regulatory mechanisms of both basal and inducible transactivation of CYP3A22 in pigs. In particular, we identified that the mechanism by which T-2 toxin induces CYP3A22 expression is mediated by the upregulation of NF-YA. General significance: Although porcine CYP3A22 is homologous to hCYP3A4, the regulation of basal and induced expression of CYP3A22 occurred via distinct mechanisms. This may account for the variety of CYP3A expression in animals and humans.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CCAAT-Binding Factor/biosynthesis ; CCAAT-Binding Factor/genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/biosynthesis ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Swine ; T-2 Toxin/toxicity
Chemical Substances	CCAAT-Binding Factor ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Environmental Pollutants ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A (EC 1.14.14.1) ; T-2 Toxin (I3FL5NM3MO)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.009
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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to Zhang J, Cai J, Cui Y, Jiang S, Wei J, Kim YC, Chan J, Thalakola A, Le T, Xu L, Wang L, Jiang K, Wang X, Wang H, Cheng F, Buggs J, Koepsell H, Vallon V, Liu R. "Role of the macula densa sodium glucose cotransporter type 1-neuronal nitric oxide synthase-tubuloglomerular feedback pathway in diabetic hyperfiltration." Kidney Int. 2022;101:541-550.

Zhang, Jie / Cai, Jing / Cui, Yu / Jiang, Shan / Wei, Jin / Kim, Young Chul / Chan, Jenna / Thalakola, Anish / Le, Thanh / Xu, Lan / Wang, Lei / Jiang, Kun / Wang, Ximing / Wang, Haibo / Cheng, Feng / Buggs, Jacentha / Koepsell, Hermann / Vallon, Volker / Liu, Ruisheng

Kidney international

2022 Volume 102, Issue 2, Page(s) 448

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	120573-0
ISSN	1523-1755 ; 0085-2538
ISSN (online)	1523-1755
ISSN	0085-2538
DOI	10.1016/j.kint.2022.05.011
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Article: Shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in leaf tissue of Pulsatilla tongkangensis Y.N. Lee & T.C. Lee

Zhao, Xiao-mei / Lian, Yu-ji / Jin, Ze-lin / Zhang, Xue-jie / Y, Yan / Fan, Shou-jin

Plant biotechnology reports. 2022 Aug., v. 16, no. 4

2022

Abstract: Leaf material explants of Pulsatilla tongkangensis Y. N. Lee & T. C. Lee were used to regenerate ...

Abstract	Leaf material explants of Pulsatilla tongkangensis Y. N. Lee & T. C. Lee were used to regenerate plants of this endangered species by somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis from meristematic nodules, induced by MS medium supplemented with zeatin (Zn) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Globular structures were induced on the surface of the explants after 2 weeks and after 6–7 weeks of culture, multiple shoots developed from the nodules. Morpho-histological analysis of light green globular, heart-shaped structures resembling somatic embryos revealed, however, that these were organogenic, with strongly vacuolated parenchymatous cells surrounded by a single layer of epithermal cells, and tracheid elements, but no root pole. Milky-white callus also developed around the nodules after 4–6 weeks. Morpho-histological analysis of the globular, heart-, and torpedo-shaped stages of regenerants present in this callus confirmed the development of somatic embryos in the milky-white structures, characterized by deeply staining, small cells with rich cytoplasm, very little vascular tissue in the developing embryos, and no vascular connection with the surrounding callus. The highest rooting frequency (93.33%) was achieved on MS medium containing 1.5 mg/l NAA. Plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred to pots. Our results provide a plant regeneration system with potential for germplasm conservation of endangered plants and the rapid propagation and molecular breeding of P. tongkangensis.
Keywords	Pulsatilla ; biotechnology ; callus ; cytoplasm ; endangered species ; germplasm conservation ; indole acetic acid ; leaves ; meristems ; organogenesis ; plantlets ; somatic embryogenesis ; tracheids ; zeatin
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-08
Size	p. 389-400.
Publishing place	Springer Nature Singapore
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2364226-9
ISSN	1863-5474 ; 1863-5466
ISSN (online)	1863-5474
ISSN	1863-5466
DOI	10.1007/s11816-021-00727-9
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Article ; Online: Synthesis and properties of type-I clathrate phases Rb(8-x-t)K(x□t)Au(y)Ge(46-y).

Zhang, H / Baitinger, M / Fang, L / Schnelle, W / Borrmann, H / Burkhardt, U / Ormeci, A / Zhao, J T / Grin, Yu

Inorganic chemistry

2013 Volume 52, Issue 17, Page(s) 9720–9726

Abstract: Type-I clathrates Rb(8-x-t)K(x□t)Au(y)Ge(46-y) are synthesized from Rb4Ge9, K4Ge9, Au, and Ge ...

Abstract	Type-I clathrates Rb(8-x-t)K(x□t)Au(y)Ge(46-y) are synthesized from Rb4Ge9, K4Ge9, Au, and Ge. Crystal structures and compositions are determined by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction methods. The lattice parameters are 10.8103(2), 10.7956(2), 10.7850(2), and 10.7723(2) Å in space group Pm3n for Rb7.88(2)Au2.47(2)Ge43.53(2), Rb3.69(4)K4.31(4)Au2.17(2)Ge43.83(2), Rb1.66(5)K6.34(5)Au2.17(1)Ge43.83(1), and K6.71(4)Au2.28(2)Ge43.72(2), respectively. Bonding analysis for Rb8Au6Ge40 suggests ionic interaction of Rb with the framework besides covalent interactions between Ge and Au/Ge. Rb7.88Au2.47Ge43.53 and K6.71(4)Au2.28Ge43.72 are both diamagnetic. The heat capacity of K6.71Au2.28Ge43.72 is analyzed. Transport properties of Rb7.88Au2.47Ge43.53 reveal n-type conducting, and low thermal conductivity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-09-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1484438-2
ISSN	1520-510X ; 0020-1669
ISSN (online)	1520-510X
ISSN	0020-1669
DOI	10.1021/ic3024315
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