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  1. Article ; Online: "Not Soldiers but Fire-fighters" - Metaphors and Covid-19.

    Semino, Elena

    Health communication

    2020  Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 50–58

    Abstract: Metaphors have been widely used in communication about the Covid-19 pandemic. The virus has been described, for example, as an "enemy" to be "beaten," a "tsunami" on health services and even as "glitter" that "gets everywhere." This paper discusses ... ...

    Abstract Metaphors have been widely used in communication about the Covid-19 pandemic. The virus has been described, for example, as an "enemy" to be "beaten," a "tsunami" on health services and even as "glitter" that "gets everywhere." This paper discusses different metaphors for the pandemic, and explains why they are used and why they matter. War metaphors are considered first, as they were particularly frequent and controversial at the beginning of the pandemic. An overview of alternative metaphors is then provided, drawing from the "#ReframeCovid" crowd-sourced multilingual collection of metaphors for Covid-19. Finally, based on both the #ReframeCovid collection and a systematic analysis of a large corpus of news articles in English, it is suggested that Fire metaphors are particularly appropriate and versatile in communication about different aspects of the pandemic, including contagion and different public health measures aimed at reducing it.
    MeSH term(s) Armed Conflicts ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Fires ; Health Communication/methods ; Humans ; Metaphor ; Natural Disasters ; Pandemics ; Public Health ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1038723-7
    ISSN 1532-7027 ; 1041-0236
    ISSN (online) 1532-7027
    ISSN 1041-0236
    DOI 10.1080/10410236.2020.1844989
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Seatbelts and raincoats, or banks and castles: Investigating the impact of vaccine metaphors.

    Flusberg, Stephen J / Mackey, Alison / Semino, Elena

    PloS one

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) e0294739

    Abstract: While metaphors are frequently used to address misconceptions and hesitancy about vaccines, it is unclear how effective they are in health messaging. Using a between-subject, pretest/posttest design, we investigated the impact of explanatory metaphors on ...

    Abstract While metaphors are frequently used to address misconceptions and hesitancy about vaccines, it is unclear how effective they are in health messaging. Using a between-subject, pretest/posttest design, we investigated the impact of explanatory metaphors on people's attitudes toward vaccines. We recruited participants online in the US (N = 301) and asked them to provide feedback on a (fictional) health messaging campaign, which we organized around responses to five common questions about vaccines. All participants completed a 24-item measure of their attitudes towards vaccines before and after evaluating the responses to the five questions. We created three possible response passages for each vaccine question: two included extended explanatory metaphors, and one contained a literal response (i.e., no explanatory metaphors). Participants were randomly assigned to receive either all metaphors or all 'literal' responses. They rated each response on several dimensions and then described how they would answer the target question about vaccines if it were posed by a friend. Results showed participants in both conditions rated most messages as being similarly understandable, informative, and persuasive, with a few notable exceptions. Participants in both conditions also exhibited a similar small-but significant-increase in favorable attitudes towards vaccines from pre- to posttest. Notably, participants in the metaphor condition provided longer free-response answers to the question posed by a hypothetical friend, with different metaphors being reused to different extents and in different ways in their responses. Taken together, our findings suggest that: (a) Brief health messaging passages may have the potential to improve attitudes towards vaccines, (b) Metaphors neither enhance nor reduce this attitude effect, (c) Metaphors may be more helpful than literal language in facilitating further social communication about vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Metaphor ; Language ; Communication ; Attitude
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0294739
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Seatbelts and raincoats, or banks and castles

    Stephen J. Flusberg / Alison Mackey / Elena Semino

    PLoS ONE, Vol 19, Iss

    Investigating the impact of vaccine metaphors

    2024  Volume 1

    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: “Not soldiers but fire-fighters” – Metaphors and Covid-19

    Semino, Elena

    2020  

    Keywords covid19
    Publishing date 2020-10-28
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Seatbelts and raincoats, or banks and castles

    Stephen J Flusberg / Alison Mackey / Elena Semino

    PLoS ONE, Vol 19, Iss 1, p e

    Investigating the impact of vaccine metaphors.

    2024  Volume 0294739

    Abstract: While metaphors are frequently used to address misconceptions and hesitancy about vaccines, it is unclear how effective they are in health messaging. Using a between-subject, pretest/posttest design, we investigated the impact of explanatory metaphors on ...

    Abstract While metaphors are frequently used to address misconceptions and hesitancy about vaccines, it is unclear how effective they are in health messaging. Using a between-subject, pretest/posttest design, we investigated the impact of explanatory metaphors on people's attitudes toward vaccines. We recruited participants online in the US (N = 301) and asked them to provide feedback on a (fictional) health messaging campaign, which we organized around responses to five common questions about vaccines. All participants completed a 24-item measure of their attitudes towards vaccines before and after evaluating the responses to the five questions. We created three possible response passages for each vaccine question: two included extended explanatory metaphors, and one contained a literal response (i.e., no explanatory metaphors). Participants were randomly assigned to receive either all metaphors or all 'literal' responses. They rated each response on several dimensions and then described how they would answer the target question about vaccines if it were posed by a friend. Results showed participants in both conditions rated most messages as being similarly understandable, informative, and persuasive, with a few notable exceptions. Participants in both conditions also exhibited a similar small-but significant-increase in favorable attitudes towards vaccines from pre- to posttest. Notably, participants in the metaphor condition provided longer free-response answers to the question posed by a hypothetical friend, with different metaphors being reused to different extents and in different ways in their responses. Taken together, our findings suggest that: (a) Brief health messaging passages may have the potential to improve attitudes towards vaccines, (b) Metaphors neither enhance nor reduce this attitude effect, (c) Metaphors may be more helpful than literal language in facilitating further social communication about vaccines.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 300
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  6. Article: "Not Soldiers but Fire-fighters" - Metaphors and Covid-19

    Semino, Elena

    Health Commun

    Abstract: Metaphors have been widely used in communication about the Covid-19 pandemic. The virus has been described, for example, as an "enemy" to be "beaten," a "tsunami" on health services and even as "glitter" that "gets everywhere." This paper discusses ... ...

    Abstract Metaphors have been widely used in communication about the Covid-19 pandemic. The virus has been described, for example, as an "enemy" to be "beaten," a "tsunami" on health services and even as "glitter" that "gets everywhere." This paper discusses different metaphors for the pandemic, and explains why they are used and why they matter. War metaphors are considered first, as they were particularly frequent and controversial at the beginning of the pandemic. An overview of alternative metaphors is then provided, drawing from the "#ReframeCovid" crowd-sourced multilingual collection of metaphors for Covid-19. Finally, based on both the #ReframeCovid collection and a systematic analysis of a large corpus of news articles in English, it is suggested that Fire metaphors are particularly appropriate and versatile in communication about different aspects of the pandemic, including contagion and different public health measures aimed at reducing it.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #917579
    Database COVID19

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  7. Article ; Online: Pragmatic failure, mind style and characterisation in fiction about autism.

    Semino, Elena

    Language and literature (Harlow, England)

    2014  Volume 23, Issue 2, Page(s) 141–158

    Abstract: This article presents an analysis of different types of pragmatic failure in the interactional behaviour of the 'autistic' protagonists of three recent novels. Three main types of pragmatic failure occur across all three novels: problems with ... ...

    Abstract This article presents an analysis of different types of pragmatic failure in the interactional behaviour of the 'autistic' protagonists of three recent novels. Three main types of pragmatic failure occur across all three novels: problems with informativeness and relevance in conversational contributions; problems with face management resulting in unintentional impolite behaviours; and problems with the interpretation of figurative language. These problems are salient and frequent enough to contribute to the projection of distinctive mind styles, and more generally to the characterisation of the protagonists as individuals with communication and socialisation difficulties that are likely to both reflect and reinforce general perceptions of autism-spectrum disorders. It is also argued that pragmatic failure contributes to the potential defamiliarisation of 'normal' communication, which is presented as being fraught with obscurity, ambiguity and insincerity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-11-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2028358-1
    ISSN 1461-7293 ; 0963-9470
    ISSN (online) 1461-7293
    ISSN 0963-9470
    DOI 10.1177/0963947014526312
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Corpus linguistics and clinical psychology: Investigating personification in first-person accounts of voice-hearing.

    Collins, Luke / Brezina, Vaclav / Demjén, Zsófia / Semino, Elena / Woods, Angela

    International journal of corpus linguistics

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 28–59

    Abstract: Triangulating corpus linguistic approaches with other (linguistic and non-linguistic) approaches enhances "both the rigour of corpus linguistics and its incorporation into all kinds of research" (McEnery & Hardie, 2012:227). Our study investigates an ... ...

    Abstract Triangulating corpus linguistic approaches with other (linguistic and non-linguistic) approaches enhances "both the rigour of corpus linguistics and its incorporation into all kinds of research" (McEnery & Hardie, 2012:227). Our study investigates an important area of mental health research: the experiences of those who hear voices that others cannot hear, and particularly the ways in which those voices are described as person-like. We apply corpus methods to augment the findings of a qualitative approach to 40 interviews with voice-hearers, whereby each interview was coded as involving 'minimal' or 'complex' personification of voices. Our analysis provides linguistic evidence in support of the qualitative coding of the interviews, but also goes beyond a binary approach by revealing different
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1569-9811
    ISSN (online) 1569-9811
    DOI 10.1075/ijcl.21019.col
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  9. Article ; Online: Pro-vaccination personal narratives in response to online hesitancy about the HPV vaccine: The challenge of tellability.

    Semino, Elena / Coltman-Patel, Tara / Dance, William / Demjén, Zsófia / Hardaker, Claire

    Discourse & society

    2023  Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) 752–771

    Abstract: Experimental studies have shown that narratives can be effective persuasive tools in addressing vaccine hesitancy, including regarding the vaccine against the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is transmitted via sexual contact and can cause cervical ... ...

    Abstract Experimental studies have shown that narratives can be effective persuasive tools in addressing vaccine hesitancy, including regarding the vaccine against the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is transmitted via sexual contact and can cause cervical cancer. This paper presents an analysis of a thread from the online parenting forum Mumsnet Talk where an initially undecided Original Poster is persuaded to vaccinate their child against HPV by a respondent's narrative of cervical cancer that they describe as difficult to share. This paper considers this particular narrative alongside all other narratives that precede the decision announced on the Mumsnet thread. It shows how producing pro-vaccination narratives about HPV involves challenges regarding 'tellability' - what makes the events in a narrative reportable or worth telling. We suggest that this has implications for the context-dependent nature of tellability, the role of parenting forums in vaccination-related discussions, and narrative-based communication about vaccinations more generally.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1484288-9
    ISSN 1460-3624 ; 0957-9265
    ISSN (online) 1460-3624
    ISSN 0957-9265
    DOI 10.1177/09579265231181075
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Language matters: representations of 'heart failure' in English discourse-a large-scale linguistic study.

    Demmen, Jane / Hartshorne-Evans, Nick / Semino, Elena / Sankaranarayanan, Rajiv

    Open heart

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 1

    Abstract: Aims: Heart failure (HF) has a lower public profile compared with other serious health conditions, notably cancer. This discourse analysis study investigates the extent to which HF is discussed in general contemporary English, UK parliamentary debates ... ...

    Abstract Aims: Heart failure (HF) has a lower public profile compared with other serious health conditions, notably cancer. This discourse analysis study investigates the extent to which HF is discussed in general contemporary English, UK parliamentary debates and the ways in which HF is framed in discussions, when compared with two other serious health conditions, cancer and dementia.
    Methods: The Oxford English Corpus (OEC) of 21st century English-language texts (2 billion words) and the UK Hansard Reports of parliamentary debates from 1945 to early 2021 were used to investigate the relative frequencies, contexts and use of the terms 'heart failure', 'cancer' and 'dementia'.
    Results: In the OEC, the term 'heart failure' occurs 4.26 times per million words (pmw), 'dementia' occurs 3.68 times pmw and 'cancer' occurs 81.96 times pmw. Cancer is talked about 19 times more often than HF and 22 times more often than dementia. These are disproportionately high in relation to actual incidence: annual cancer incidence is 1.8 times that of the other conditions; annual cancer mortality is two times that caused by coronary heart disease (including HF) or dementia.'Heart failure' is used much less than 'cancer' in UK parliamentary debates (House of Commons and House of Lords) between 1945 and early 2021, and less than 'dementia' from 1990 onwards. Moreover, HF is even mentioned much less than pot-holes in UK roads and pavements. In 2018, for example, 'pot-hole/s' were mentioned over 10 times pmw, 37 times more often than 'heart failure', mentioned 0.28 times pmw. Discussions of HF are comparatively technical and formulaic, lacking survivor narratives that occur in discussions of cancer.
    Conclusions: HF is underdiscussed in contemporary English compared with cancer and dementia and underdiscussed in UK parliamentary debates, even compared with the less-obviously life-threatening topic of pot-holes in roads and pavements.
    MeSH term(s) Dementia/complications ; Dementia/diagnosis ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Heart Failure/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Language ; Linguistics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2747269-3
    ISSN 2053-3624
    ISSN 2053-3624
    DOI 10.1136/openhrt-2022-001988
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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