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Article ; Online: The impact of COVID-19 on access to harm reduction, substance use treatment and recovery services in Scotland

Joe Schofield / Joshua Dumbrell / Catriona Matheson / Tessa Parkes / Angus Bancroft

BMC Public Health, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a qualitative study

2022 Volume 10

Abstract: Highlights COVID-19 lockdown had significant impacts on people who use drugs (PWUD). Access to harm reduction, treatment and recovery services was negatively affected. Positive developments included rapid treatment access and continuity of care. Loss of ... ...

Abstract	Highlights COVID-19 lockdown had significant impacts on people who use drugs (PWUD). Access to harm reduction, treatment and recovery services was negatively affected. Positive developments included rapid treatment access and continuity of care. Loss of therapeutic relationships with services and peers was a challenge. Nimble, person-centred responses were welcome, but unequally distributed
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Substance use ; Harm reduction ; Opioid replacement treatment ; Recovery ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Exploring how greenspace programmes might be effective in supporting people with problem substance use: a realist interview study.

Masterton, Wendy / Parkes, Tessa / Carver, Hannah / Park, Kirsty J

BMC public health

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 1661

Abstract: Background: Greenspace programmes are health projects run outside in nature, typically with the aim of improving mental health. Research suggests that programmes may also be effective in supporting people with problem substance use (PSU), but there is ... ...

Abstract	Background: Greenspace programmes are health projects run outside in nature, typically with the aim of improving mental health. Research suggests that programmes may also be effective in supporting people with problem substance use (PSU), but there is limited understanding of the key components that make them successful for this client group. Previous work has claimed that a realist-informed intervention framework for greenspace programmes for mental health could be transferable to programmes that support people with PSU, and that this could provide insight into the causal processes within programmes. However, this claim is yet to be explored in depth. The aim of this study was to further test, refine, and consolidate the proposed framework to show how greenspace programmes could support people with PSU. Methods: Using a realist approach, 17 participants (8 programme staff; 9 wider stakeholders) were interviewed about contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes (CMOs) relative to greenspace programmes for mental health and PSU. Semi-structured interviews were used since they facilitated exploration of the proposed framework but were flexible enough to allow identification of new CMOs for framework refinement. Interviews were audio-recorded, fully transcribed, and analysed inductively and deductively against the proposed framework. Results: Findings supported the proposed framework and indicated that greenspace programmes support people with poor mental health and PSU due to: feelings of escape; space to reflect; physical activity; self-efficacy; feelings of purpose; relationships; and shared experiences. However, data showed that programmes must also consider: explicit intervention focus to ensure adequate support for clients; existing challenges with funding and stakeholder buy-in; and the impact of COVID-19. Findings allowed development of a refined framework that shows how greenspace programmes can support people with PSU. Conclusion: The findings of this project are theoretically novel and have practical relevance for those designing greenspace programmes by providing recommendations on how to optimise, tailor, and implement future interventions. Findings could be particularly relevant for academic researchers, multidisciplinary health professionals, and for those working in the third sector, developing and delivering greenspace programmes for people to improve their mental health and to support them with PSU.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Parks, Recreational ; Qualitative Research ; Substance-Related Disorders/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-022-14063-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The impact of COVID-19 on access to harm reduction, substance use treatment and recovery services in Scotland: a qualitative study.

Schofield, Joe / Dumbrell, Joshua / Matheson, Catriona / Parkes, Tessa / Bancroft, Angus

BMC public health

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 500

Abstract: Introduction: People who use drugs (PWUD) are considered vulnerable to COVID-19 exposure and the sequelae of infection due to their social circumstances, health conditions, drug purchasing, and substance use. They can depend on access to services that ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: People who use drugs (PWUD) are considered vulnerable to COVID-19 exposure and the sequelae of infection due to their social circumstances, health conditions, drug purchasing, and substance use. They can depend on access to services that provide harm reduction, substance use treatment, recovery and support, and general healthcare. Social distancing measures and service restrictions posed significant challenges to the health and wellbeing of PWUD. Methods: Ethical approvals were secured. PWUD were recruited from voluntary sector homeless and housing, harm reduction, and recovery organisations across central Scotland. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews and analysed using the Framework Method. Results: Twenty nine PWUD participated and reported mixed experiences of the impacts of COVID-19 lockdown. Several benefitted from policy and practice developments designed to sustain or increase access to harm reduction services. Some PWUD reported improved access to substitute prescribing and/or appreciated being trusted to manage multiple take-home doses. Others noted the loss of regular in-person contact with treatment providers and dispensers. Access to recovery support was challenging for many, especially those unable to access or uncomfortable with online provision who experienced greater isolation. Lack of access to general healthcare services was common, and especially problematic for PWUD with chronic physical and mental health conditions. Conclusions: This qualitative research describes the impacts of COVID-19 social and service restrictions on PWUD in Scotland. These impacts were anticipated by policy makers and service providers. Effective and acceptable developments were shown to maintain and even increase service provision for PWUD. Developments were geographically dependent and significant challenges remained for many people. The learning generated can inform responses to increase service access and uptake in post-pandemic times.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Harm Reduction ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Qualitative Research ; Substance-Related Disorders/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-022-12873-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Greenspace programmes for mental health: A survey study to test what works, for whom, and in what circumstances.

Masterton, Wendy / Park, Kirsty / Carver, Hannah / Parkes, Tessa

Health & place

2021 Volume 72, Page(s) 102669

Abstract: The health benefits of greenspace are widely acknowledged. Greenspace programmes, defined as health programmes undertaken in outside green areas such as parks, gardens, hills, and forests, are becoming more commonplace. However, there is still limited ... ...

Abstract	The health benefits of greenspace are widely acknowledged. Greenspace programmes, defined as health programmes undertaken in outside green areas such as parks, gardens, hills, and forests, are becoming more commonplace. However, there is still limited understanding of the mechanisms by which greenspace programmes are effective. This makes future development and implementation very difficult. We recently developed and published a novel framework for greenspace programmes for mental health showing what works, for whom, and in what circumstances (Masterton et al., 2020). In this current study, the accuracy of the proposed framework was tested for the first time using primary data from greenspace organisations in Scotland. Given the link between mental health and substance use, the applicability of the framework to programmes that support people with problem substance use was also tested. A survey was designed to test the contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes identified within the previously proposed framework. The survey was completed by 64 participants to provide a general overview of the framework's applicability for programmes that support mental health, as well as for programmes that support people with problem substance use. Overall, respondents agreed with all survey statements. This suggests that the framework does effectively represent the underlying context, mechanism, outcome configurations of greenspace programmes for mental health. Furthermore, there were no differences between responses from organisations that support people with problem substance use, and organisations that do not support this client group. This shows that the framework has the potential to be applicable to both greenspace programmes for mental health and greenspace programmes for people with problem substance use. This is a novel finding as, to our knowledge, there is currently no framework looking to explain the contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes necessary for greenspace programmes to be successful for people with problem substance use.
MeSH term(s)	Gardens ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Parks, Recreational ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1262540-1
ISSN	1873-2054 ; 1353-8292
ISSN (online)	1873-2054
ISSN	1353-8292
DOI	10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102669
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Article ; Online: How might the 'Icelandic model' for preventing substance use among young people be developed and adapted for use in Scotland? Utilising the consolidated framework for implementation research in a qualitative exploratory study.

Carver, Hannah / McCulloch, Peter / Parkes, Tessa

BMC public health

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 1742

Abstract: Background: Substance use among young people is a significant public health concern, particularly in Scotland. Primary prevention activities are essential in delaying young people's substance use and reducing the harms associated with use. However, such ...

Abstract	Background: Substance use among young people is a significant public health concern, particularly in Scotland. Primary prevention activities are essential in delaying young people's substance use and reducing the harms associated with use. However, such prevention activities are generally lacking. The Icelandic Model (IM) has received increasing attention and has been associated with improvements in substance use in Iceland since the 1990s. There is interest in implementing the IM in Scotland but concerns regarding transferability. This research study aimed to address a gap in the evidence base by providing insight into stakeholders' views of the IM in Dundee and more widely in Scotland. Methods: Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured telephone interviews with 16 stakeholders. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis in NVivo, informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results: Participants were keen for more prevention activities to be delivered in Scotland and were generally supportive of the IM, given the high rates of substance use and related harm. A range of positive factors were identified, including the evidence base, the multi-component nature of the IM, and availability of current services that could be embedded into delivery. Several barriers were noted, relating to funding, the franchise model, support and buy-in and cultural differences. Conclusions: Our findings provide insight into the views of a range of stakeholders regarding the potential implementation of the IM in Scotland, and perceived barriers and facilitators. There is a desire for primary prevention activities in Scotland, driven by concerns about high rates of substance use and related harms, and a general lack of effective and evidence based prevention activities across the country. Several key barriers would need to be addressed in order for implementation to be successful, and participants were clear that initial piloting is required. Future research and evaluation is required to examine its potential and the outcomes of the approach in Scotland.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Iceland ; Primary Prevention ; Qualitative Research ; Scotland ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-021-11828-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Exploring how greenspace programmes might be effective in supporting people with problem substance use

Wendy Masterton / Tessa Parkes / Hannah Carver / Kirsty J. Park

BMC Public Health, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a realist interview study

2022 Volume 19

Abstract: Abstract Background Greenspace programmes are health projects run outside in nature, typically with the aim of improving mental health. Research suggests that programmes may also be effective in supporting people with problem substance use (PSU), but ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Greenspace programmes are health projects run outside in nature, typically with the aim of improving mental health. Research suggests that programmes may also be effective in supporting people with problem substance use (PSU), but there is limited understanding of the key components that make them successful for this client group. Previous work has claimed that a realist-informed intervention framework for greenspace programmes for mental health could be transferable to programmes that support people with PSU, and that this could provide insight into the causal processes within programmes. However, this claim is yet to be explored in depth. The aim of this study was to further test, refine, and consolidate the proposed framework to show how greenspace programmes could support people with PSU. Methods Using a realist approach, 17 participants (8 programme staff; 9 wider stakeholders) were interviewed about contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes (CMOs) relative to greenspace programmes for mental health and PSU. Semi-structured interviews were used since they facilitated exploration of the proposed framework but were flexible enough to allow identification of new CMOs for framework refinement. Interviews were audio-recorded, fully transcribed, and analysed inductively and deductively against the proposed framework. Results Findings supported the proposed framework and indicated that greenspace programmes support people with poor mental health and PSU due to: feelings of escape; space to reflect; physical activity; self-efficacy; feelings of purpose; relationships; and shared experiences. However, data showed that programmes must also consider: explicit intervention focus to ensure adequate support for clients; existing challenges with funding and stakeholder buy-in; and the impact of COVID-19. Findings allowed development of a refined framework that shows how greenspace programmes can support people with PSU. Conclusion The findings of this project are theoretically novel and have practical ...
Keywords	Greenspace ; Natured-based interventions ; Green care ; Substance use ; Mental health ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

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Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: How might the ‘Icelandic model’ for preventing substance use among young people be developed and adapted for use in Scotland? Utilising the consolidated framework for implementation research in a qualitative exploratory study

Hannah Carver / Peter McCulloch / Tessa Parkes

BMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 15

Abstract: Abstract Background Substance use among young people is a significant public health concern, particularly in Scotland. Primary prevention activities are essential in delaying young people’s substance use and reducing the harms associated with use. ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Substance use among young people is a significant public health concern, particularly in Scotland. Primary prevention activities are essential in delaying young people’s substance use and reducing the harms associated with use. However, such prevention activities are generally lacking. The Icelandic Model (IM) has received increasing attention and has been associated with improvements in substance use in Iceland since the 1990s. There is interest in implementing the IM in Scotland but concerns regarding transferability. This research study aimed to address a gap in the evidence base by providing insight into stakeholders’ views of the IM in Dundee and more widely in Scotland. Methods Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured telephone interviews with 16 stakeholders. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis in NVivo, informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results Participants were keen for more prevention activities to be delivered in Scotland and were generally supportive of the IM, given the high rates of substance use and related harm. A range of positive factors were identified, including the evidence base, the multi-component nature of the IM, and availability of current services that could be embedded into delivery. Several barriers were noted, relating to funding, the franchise model, support and buy-in and cultural differences. Conclusions Our findings provide insight into the views of a range of stakeholders regarding the potential implementation of the IM in Scotland, and perceived barriers and facilitators. There is a desire for primary prevention activities in Scotland, driven by concerns about high rates of substance use and related harms, and a general lack of effective and evidence based prevention activities across the country. Several key barriers would need to be addressed in order for implementation to be successful, and participants were clear that initial piloting is required. Future research and evaluation is required to examine ...
Keywords	Adolescence ; Prevention ; Substance use ; Icelandic model ; Qualitative ; Scotland ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Correction to: "PPI? That sounds like Payment Protection Insurance": Reflections and learning from a substance use and homelessness study Experts by Experience group.

Foster, Rebecca / Carver, Hannah / Wallace, Jason / Dunedin, Alex / Burridge, Stan / Foley, Philip / Pauly, Bernie / Parkes, Tessa

Research involvement and engagement

2022 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 17

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2834246-X
ISSN	2056-7529 ; 2056-7529
ISSN (online)	2056-7529
ISSN	2056-7529
DOI	10.1186/s40900-022-00352-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Greenspace interventions for mental health in clinical and non-clinical populations: What works, for whom, and in what circumstances?

Masterton, Wendy / Carver, Hannah / Parkes, Tessa / Park, Kirsty

Health & place

2020 Volume 64, Page(s) 102338

Abstract: With growing strain on mental health services, greenspace interventions could be a promising addition to current health and social care provisions as they have the potential to be widely accessible for people within their own communities and used ... ...

Abstract	With growing strain on mental health services, greenspace interventions could be a promising addition to current health and social care provisions as they have the potential to be widely accessible for people within their own communities and used alongside a variety of treatment plans. Despite promising progress in greenspace research, the underlying mechanisms and processes of greenspace interventions are still unclear. Without knowing these it is impossible to understand why programmes work and how best to replicate them. To address this gap this review uses realist methodology to synthesise the international evidence for greenspace interventions for mental health in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Forty-nine full text articles are included in the review and the underlying contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes of the interventions identified and refined into an original overriding theory under three themes of Nature, Individual Self, and Social Self. The interaction of these three factors represents a new conceptual framework for greenspace interventions for mental health and shows what works, for whom, and in what circumstances. The findings of this review are not only theoretically novel but they also have practical relevance for those designing such interventions including the provision of recommendations on how to optimise, tailor and implement existing interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mental Health ; Parks, Recreational
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1262540-1
ISSN	1873-2054 ; 1353-8292
ISSN (online)	1873-2054
ISSN	1353-8292
DOI	10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102338
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 4333: Show issues

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Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Stress and Wellbeing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Frontline Homelessness Services Staff Experiences in Scotland.

Carver, Hannah / Price, Tracey / Falzon, Danilo / McCulloch, Peter / Parkes, Tessa

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 6

Abstract: Staff working in homelessness services often find the work rewarding yet challenging, and the sector experiences high levels of staff burnout and staff turnover. During the COVID-19 pandemic, staff working in these services faced particularly stressful ... ...

Abstract	Staff working in homelessness services often find the work rewarding yet challenging, and the sector experiences high levels of staff burnout and staff turnover. During the COVID-19 pandemic, staff working in these services faced particularly stressful working conditions. This study explored the experiences of stress and wellbeing among those working in frontline homelessness service roles during the early stages of the pandemic in Scotland. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants, 11 of whom completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Qualitative data were analysed using Framework Analysis in NVivo, informed by the Revised Transactional Model of occupational stress and coping. MBI data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The COVID-19 pandemic positively and negatively impacted participants' lives and roles. Organisational culture acted as a magnifying glass for pre-pandemic practices: for some, the pandemic brought teams and staff closer together, creating a better working environment. For others, it led to fragmentation and frustration. Participants discussed coping strategies and recommendations for the future to protect staff wellbeing. Quantitative data suggested that participants were not experiencing burnout, although some were at heightened risk. Future research should explore the longer-term impact of the pandemic on homelessness service staff outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Burnout, Professional/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Homeless Persons ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Scotland/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19063659
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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