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Article ; Online: Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders

Linda Giampietri / Elisabetta Belli / Maria Francesca Beatino / Sara Giannoni / Giovanni Palermo / Nicole Campese / Gloria Tognoni / Gabriele Siciliano / Roberto Ceravolo / Ciro De Luca / Filippo Baldacci

Diagnostics, Vol 12, Iss 796, p

Toward Integrative Diagnostic Frameworks and Tailored Treatments

2022 Volume 796

Abstract: ... with the unsolved issue of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). The failure of clinical trials treating Alzheimer′s ...

Abstract	The diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represents an increasing social burden, with the unsolved issue of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). The failure of clinical trials treating Alzheimer′s Disease (AD) so far highlighted the need for a different approach in drug design and patient selection. Identifying subjects in the prodromal or early symptomatic phase is critical to slow down neurodegeneration, but the implementation of screening programs with this aim will have an ethical and social aftermath. Novel minimally invasive candidate biomarkers (derived from blood, saliva, olfactory brush) or classical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have been developed in research settings to stratify patients with NDDs. Misfolded protein accumulation, neuroinflammation, and synaptic loss are the pathophysiological hallmarks detected by these biomarkers to refine diagnosis, prognosis, and target engagement of drugs in clinical trials. We reviewed fluid biomarkers of NDDs, considering their potential role as screening, diagnostic, or prognostic tool, and their present-day use in clinical trials (phase II and III). A special focus will be dedicated to novel techniques for the detection of misfolded proteins. Eventually, an applicative diagnostic algorithm will be proposed to translate the research data in clinical practice and select prodromal or early patients to be enrolled in the appropriate DMTs trials for NDDs.
Keywords	precision medicine ; diagnostic algorithm ; neurodegeneration ; clinical application ; liquid biomarkers ; alternative matrices ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Fluid Candidate Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease

Eleonora Del Prete / Maria Francesca Beatino / Nicole Campese / Linda Giampietri / Gabriele Siciliano / Roberto Ceravolo / Filippo Baldacci

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 221, p

A Precision Medicine Approach

2020 Volume 221

Abstract: ... in the field of dementia, particularly in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In such a faceted scenario, a biomarker ...

Abstract	A plethora of dynamic pathophysiological mechanisms underpins highly heterogeneous phenotypes in the field of dementia, particularly in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In such a faceted scenario, a biomarker-guided approach, through the implementation of specific fluid biomarkers individually reflecting distinct molecular pathways in the brain, may help establish a proper clinical diagnosis, even in its preclinical stages. Recently, ultrasensitive assays may detect different neurodegenerative mechanisms in blood earlier. ß-amyloid (Aß) peptides, phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and neurofilament light chain (NFL) measured in blood are gaining momentum as candidate biomarkers for AD. P-tau is currently the more convincing plasma biomarker for the diagnostic workup of AD. The clinical role of plasma Aβ peptides should be better elucidated with further studies that also compare the accuracy of the different ultrasensitive techniques. Blood NFL is promising as a proxy of neurodegeneration process tout court . Protein misfolding amplification assays can accurately detect α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), thus representing advancement in the pathologic stratification of AD. In CSF, neurogranin and YKL-40 are further candidate biomarkers tracking synaptic disruption and neuroinflammation, which are additional key pathophysiological pathways related to AD genesis. Advanced statistical analysis using clinical scores and biomarker data to bring together individuals with AD from large heterogeneous cohorts into consistent clusters may promote the discovery of pathophysiological causes and detection of tailored treatments.
Keywords	biomarkers ; Alzheimer’s disease ; neurodegeneration ; cerebrospinal fluid ; mild cognitive impairment ; synaptic biomarkers ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Mitochondrial D-Loop Region Methylation and Copy Number in Peripheral Blood DNA of Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Stoccoro, Andrea / Smith, Adam R / Baldacci, Filippo / Del Gamba, Claudia / Lo Gerfo, Annalisa / Ceravolo, Roberto / Lunnon, Katie / Migliore, Lucia / Coppedè, Fabio

Genes. 2021 May 12, v. 12, no. 5

2021

Abstract: ... blood cells of Alzheimer’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. However, nothing is yet known ... about D-loop region methylation levels in peripheral blood of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients ...

Abstract	Altered mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation has been detected in several human pathologies, although little attention has been given to neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, altered methylation levels of the mitochondrial displacement loop (D-loop) region, which regulates mtDNA replication, were observed in peripheral blood cells of Alzheimer’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. However, nothing is yet known about D-loop region methylation levels in peripheral blood of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. In the current study, we investigated D-loop methylation levels and mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood of 30 PD patients and 30 age- and sex-matched control subjects. DNA methylation analyses have been performed by means of methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) and pyrosequencing techniques, while mtDNA copy number was analyzed by quantitative PCR. MS-HRM and pyrosequencing analyses provided very similar D-loop methylation levels in PD patients and control subjects, and no differences between the two groups have been observed. Treatment with L-dopa and duration of the disease had no effect on D-loop methylation levels in PD patients. Additionally, mtDNA copy number did not differ between PD patients and control subjects. Current results suggest that D-loop methylation levels are not altered in peripheral blood of PD patients nor influenced by dopaminergic treatment.
Keywords	DNA methylation ; L-dopa ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing ; humans ; mitochondria ; mitochondrial DNA ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0512
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes12050720
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: An Archipelago of Ecological Care

Baldacci, Cristina

Lagoonscapes, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp - (2023)

2023

Abstract: ... ethically and politically urgent action to try to guarantee its survival. Venice’s few but tenacious ...

Abstract	This essay situates Venice and its archipelago among the small islands that, despite the uncertainty of the future and the emergency given by extreme climate scenarios, provide effective examples of local sustainability that can also be replicated in other parts of the world to promote positive and collective change on a global scale. Being aware of the changes that Venice is facing as a consequence of the environmental crisis, learning from them, and taking care of the city and its lagoon is an increasingly ethically and politically urgent action to try to guarantee its survival. Venice’s few but tenacious inhabitants – a small community, where vernacular knowledge has been handed down and where conscious citizens, including activists, cultural workers, artists, and researchers, promote a renewed ecological awareness – are the actors involved at the forefront of what can be addressed as ‘curatorial activism’. By taking as case studies some recent projects and practices – such as walking the lagoon – the article explains how contemporary art can effectively contribute to the ecologies of care, protecting the dignity of life and human rights on par with the rights of nature, encouraging critical thinking, emotional involvement, ethical responsibility, and public imagination for the well-being of the Earth.
Keywords	Climate crisis. Contemporary art. Curatorial activism. Ecologies of care. Small islands ecologies. Venice ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Anthropology ; GN1-890 ; Arts in general ; NX1-820
Subject code	170
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Fondazione Università Ca' Foscari
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: A S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase-like domain within the essential, Fe-S-containing yeast protein Dre2.

Soler, Nicolas / Craescu, Constantin T / Gallay, Jacques / Frapart, Yves-Michel / Mansuy, Daniel / Raynal, Bertrand / Baldacci, Giuseppe / Pastore, Annalisa / Huang, Meng-Er / Vernis, Laurence

The FEBS journal

2012 Volume 279, Issue 12, Page(s) 2108–2119

Abstract: Yeast Dre2 is an essential Fe-S cluster-containing protein that has been implicated in cytosolic Fe ... S protein biogenesis and in cell death regulation in response to oxidative stress. Its absence ... with an overall typical S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase fold lacking two α-helices and a β-strand ...

Abstract	Yeast Dre2 is an essential Fe-S cluster-containing protein that has been implicated in cytosolic Fe-S protein biogenesis and in cell death regulation in response to oxidative stress. Its absence in yeast can be complemented by the human homologous antiapoptotic protein cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 (also known as anamorsin), suggesting at least one common function. Using complementary techniques, we have investigated the biochemical and biophysical properties of Dre2. We show that it contains an N-terminal domain whose structure in solution consists of a stable well-structured monomer with an overall typical S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase fold lacking two α-helices and a β-strand. The highly conserved C-terminus of Dre2, containing two Fe-S clusters, influences the flexibility of the N-terminal domain. We discuss the hypotheses that the activity of the N-terminal domain could be modulated by the redox activity of Fe-S clusters containing the C-terminus domain in vivo.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/chemistry ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/genetics ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Chemical Substances	Dre2 protein, S cerevisiae ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-05-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2173655-8
ISSN	1742-4658 ; 1742-464X
ISSN (online)	1742-4658
ISSN	1742-464X
DOI	10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08597.x
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Article ; Online: Unconventional effects of UVA radiation on cell cycle progression in S. pombe.

Dardalhon, Delphine / Angelin, Anne Reynaud / Baldacci, Giuseppe / Sage, Evelyne / Francesconi, Stefania

Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)

2007 Volume 7, Issue 5, Page(s) 611–622

Abstract: ... checkpoint pathway. We also demonstrate that UVA irradiation of S phase cells slows down DNA replication ...

Abstract	UVA radiation, the most abundant solar UV radiation reaching Earth's surface, induces oxidative stress through formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage different cell components. Because of the broad spectrum of the possible targets of ROS, the cellular response to this radiation is complex. While extensive studies have allowed dissecting the effects of UVB, UVC and gamma radiations on cell cycle progression, few studies have dealt with the effect of UVA so far. Here we use Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model organism to study biological effects of UVA radiation in living organisms. Through analysis of cell cycle progression in different mutant backgrounds we demonstrate that UVA delays cell cycle progression in G(2) cells in a dose dependent manner. However, despite Chk1 phosphorylation and in contrast to treatments with others genotoxic agents, this cell cycle delay is only partially dependent on DNA integrity checkpoint pathway. We also demonstrate that UVA irradiation of S phase cells slows down DNA replication in a checkpoint independent manner, activates Chk1 to prevent entry into abnormal mitosis and induces formation of Rad22 (homologue to human Rad52) foci. This indicates that DNA structure integrity is challenged. Furthermore, the cell cycle delay observed in checkpoint mutants exposed to UVA is not abolished when stress response pathway is inactivated or when down regulation of protein synthesis is prevented. In conclusion, fission yeast is a useful model to dissect the fundamental molecular mechanisms involved in UVA response that may contribute to skin cancer and aging.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Cycle/radiation effects ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Checkpoint Kinase 1 ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; DNA Replication/radiation effects ; DNA, Fungal/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; G2 Phase/drug effects ; G2 Phase/radiation effects ; Hydroxyurea/pharmacology ; Microbial Viability/drug effects ; Microbial Viability/radiation effects ; Mutation/genetics ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Phosphorylation/radiation effects ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic/drug effects ; Recombination, Genetic/radiation effects ; S Phase/drug effects ; S Phase/radiation effects ; Schizosaccharomyces/cytology ; Schizosaccharomyces/drug effects ; Schizosaccharomyces/enzymology ; Schizosaccharomyces/radiation effects ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays
Chemical Substances	Cell Cycle Proteins ; DNA, Fungal ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins ; Transcription Factors ; cdc10 protein, S pombe ; rad52 protein, S pombe ; Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-) ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 (EC 2.7.1.11) ; CHEK1 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Checkpoint Kinase 1 (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Chk1 protein, S pombe (EC 2.7.11.1) ; rad3 protein, S pombe (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Hydroxyurea (X6Q56QN5QC)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-12-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2146183-1
ISSN	1551-4005 ; 1538-4101 ; 1554-8627
ISSN (online)	1551-4005
ISSN	1538-4101 ; 1554-8627
DOI	10.4161/cc.7.5.5400
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Article ; Online: Interaction between the reductase Tah18 and highly conserved Fe-S containing Dre2 C-terminus is essential for yeast viability.

Soler, Nicolas / Delagoutte, Emmanuelle / Miron, Simona / Facca, Céline / Baïlle, Dorothée / d'Autreaux, Benoit / Craescu, Gil / Frapart, Yves-Michel / Mansuy, Daniel / Baldacci, Giuseppe / Huang, Meng-Er / Vernis, Laurence

Molecular microbiology

2011 Volume 82, Issue 1, Page(s) 54–67

Abstract: ... has been implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress induced cell death and in cytosolic Fe-S ... flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which is able to transfer electrons to Dre2 Fe-S ... nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-binding domain in purified Tah18 nor the absence of Fe-S in aerobically purified Dre2 prevents ...

Abstract	Tah18-Dre2 is a recently identified yeast protein complex, which is highly conserved in human and has been implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress induced cell death and in cytosolic Fe-S proteins synthesis. Tah18 is a diflavin oxido-reductase with binding sites for flavin mononucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which is able to transfer electrons to Dre2 Fe-S clusters. In this work we characterized in details the interaction between Tah18 and Dre2, and analysed how it conditions yeast viability. We show that Dre2 C-terminus interacts in vivo and in vitro with the flavin mononucleotide- and flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding sites of Tah18. Neither the absence of the electron donor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-binding domain in purified Tah18 nor the absence of Fe-S in aerobically purified Dre2 prevents the binding in vitro. In vivo, when this interaction is affected in a dre2 mutant, yeast viability is reduced. Conversely, enhancing artificially the interaction between mutated Dre2 and Tah18 restores cellular viability despite still reduced cytosolic Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. We conclude that Tah18-Dre2 interaction in vivo is essential for yeast viability. Our study may provide new insight into the survival/death switch involving this complex in yeast and in human cells.
MeSH term(s)	Flavin Mononucleotide/metabolism ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/metabolism ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/chemistry ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/genetics ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/metabolism ; Microbial Viability ; Oxidoreductases/chemistry ; Oxidoreductases/genetics ; Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/growth & development ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Dre2 protein, S cerevisiae ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide (146-14-5) ; Flavin Mononucleotide (7N464URE7E) ; Oxidoreductases (EC 1.-) ; Tah18 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	619315-8
ISSN	1365-2958 ; 0950-382X
ISSN (online)	1365-2958
ISSN	0950-382X
DOI	10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07788.x
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Article ; Online: Medication use during pregnancy and the risk of gastroschisis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Baldacci, Silvia / Santoro, Michele / Mezzasalma, Lorena / Pierini, Anna / Coi, Alessio

Orphanet journal of rare diseases

2024 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 31

Abstract: Objectives: The aetiology of gastroschisis is considered multifactorial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether the use of medications during pregnancy, is associated with the risk of gastroschisis in offspring.: Methods!# ...

Abstract	Objectives: The aetiology of gastroschisis is considered multifactorial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether the use of medications during pregnancy, is associated with the risk of gastroschisis in offspring. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched from 1st January 1990 to 31st December 2020 to identify observational studies examining the association between medication use during pregnancy and the risk of gastroschisis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for the quality assessment of the individual studies. We pooled adjusted measures using a random-effect model to estimate relative risk [RR] and the 95% confidence interval [CI]. I Results: Eighteen studies providing data on 751,954 pregnancies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled RRs showed significant associations between aspirin (RR 1.66, 95% CI 1.16-2.38; I Conclusions: These results suggest that the exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy to over the counter medications (OTC) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine as well as to oral contraceptives, was associated with an increased risk of gastroschisis. However, these associations are significant only in particular subgroups defined by geographic location, adjustment variables and type of control. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate them as potential risk factors for gastroschisis, to assess their safety in pregnancy and to develop treatment strategies to reduce the risk of gastroschisis in offspring. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021287529.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Aspirin ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Gastroschisis/epidemiology ; Gastroschisis/chemically induced ; Ibuprofen ; Phenylpropanolamine/adverse effects ; Pseudoephedrine ; Observational Studies as Topic
Chemical Substances	Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E) ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Ibuprofen (WK2XYI10QM) ; Phenylpropanolamine (33RU150WUN) ; Pseudoephedrine (7CUC9DDI9F)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2225857-7
ISSN	1750-1172 ; 1750-1172
ISSN (online)	1750-1172
ISSN	1750-1172
DOI	10.1186/s13023-023-02992-z
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Article: Temporal separation of replication and recombination requires the intra-S checkpoint.

Meister, Peter / Taddei, Angela / Vernis, Laurence / Poidevin, Mickaël / Gasser, Susan M / Baldacci, Giuseppe

The Journal of cell biology

2005 Volume 168, Issue 4, Page(s) 537–544

Abstract: ... that prevent genomic instability by coordinating cell cycle progression with DNA repair. The intra-S-phase ... recombination proteins onto DNA, and the intra-S checkpoint. Here, we show that a functional recombination ... fork structures. We find that Rad22-containing foci are rare in S-phase cells, but peak in G2 phase ...

Abstract	In response to DNA damage and replication pausing, eukaryotes activate checkpoint pathways that prevent genomic instability by coordinating cell cycle progression with DNA repair. The intra-S-phase checkpoint has been proposed to protect stalled replication forks from pathological rearrangements that could result from unscheduled recombination. On the other hand, recombination may be needed to cope with either stalled forks or double-strand breaks resulting from hydroxyurea treatment. We have exploited fission yeast to elucidate the relationship between replication fork stalling, loading of replication and recombination proteins onto DNA, and the intra-S checkpoint. Here, we show that a functional recombination machinery is not essential for recovery from replication fork arrest and instead can lead to nonfunctional fork structures. We find that Rad22-containing foci are rare in S-phase cells, but peak in G2 phase cells after a perturbed S phase. Importantly, we find that the intra-S checkpoint is necessary to avoid aberrant strand-exchange events during a hydroxyurea block.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cell Survival/genetics ; Cell Survival/physiology ; DNA Damage/drug effects ; DNA Damage/genetics ; DNA Damage/physiology ; DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA Repair/physiology ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; DNA Replication/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; G2 Phase/drug effects ; G2 Phase/genetics ; G2 Phase/physiology ; Genomic Instability/drug effects ; Genomic Instability/genetics ; Genomic Instability/physiology ; Hydroxyurea/toxicity ; Recombination, Genetic/drug effects ; Recombination, Genetic/genetics ; S Phase/drug effects ; S Phase/genetics ; S Phase/physiology ; Schizosaccharomyces/drug effects ; Schizosaccharomyces/genetics ; Schizosaccharomyces/physiology ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/genetics ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	DNA-Binding Proteins ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins ; rad52 protein, S pombe ; Hydroxyurea (X6Q56QN5QC)
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-02-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218154-x
ISSN	1540-8140 ; 0021-9525
ISSN (online)	1540-8140
ISSN	0021-9525
DOI	10.1083/jcb.200410006
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Article ; Online: Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health.

Maio, S / Sarno, G / Tagliaferro, S / Pirona, F / Stanisci, I / Baldacci, S / Viegi, G

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

2023 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 7–12

Abstract: The need to address the impact of air pollution on health is reinforced by recent scientific evidence and the 2021 WHO Air Quality Guidelines (AQG). Air pollution is an avoidable risk factor causing a high burden for society with elevated deaths, health ... ...

Abstract	The need to address the impact of air pollution on health is reinforced by recent scientific evidence and the 2021 WHO Air Quality Guidelines (AQG). Air pollution is an avoidable risk factor causing a high burden for society with elevated deaths, health disorders, disabilities and huge socio-economic costs, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We have evaluated recent evidence from international reports, systematic reviews and official websites of international agencies. Growing evidence shows a causal relationship between air pollution exposure and acute lower respiratory infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and lung cancer. Exposure to air pollution in both the short- and long-term has a serious impact on respiratory health. Harmful effects occur even at very low pollutant concentration levels, and there are no detectable thresholds below which exposure may be considered safe. The adverse respiratory health effects of air pollutants, even at low levels, are confirmed by recent epidemiological studies. Scientific respiratory societies and patient associations, along with other stakeholders in the health sector, should increase their engagement and advocacy to raise awareness of clean air policies and the latest WHO AQG.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Asthma ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Lung Neoplasms
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-30
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1385624-8
ISSN	1815-7920 ; 1027-3719
ISSN (online)	1815-7920
ISSN	1027-3719
DOI	10.5588/ijtld.22.0249
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