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  1. Article: Injury patterns in skiboarding. A 2-year study in Scotland.

    Langran, Mike

    Injury

    2002  Volume 33, Issue 7, Page(s) 563–568

    Abstract: Objectives: To examine the incidence and patterns of injury associated with skiboarding, a new snow sport whose popularity has increased in recent years.: Methods: A prospective study of all injured skiboarders at Cairngorm, Glenshee and Nevis Range ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To examine the incidence and patterns of injury associated with skiboarding, a new snow sport whose popularity has increased in recent years.
    Methods: A prospective study of all injured skiboarders at Cairngorm, Glenshee and Nevis Range ski areas during the 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 winter seasons. Personal details, skiboarding parameters, diagnosis and treatment were recorded. Random counts were performed to analyse the percentage of skiboarders amongst the on-slope population.
    Results: The 84 injuries were recorded in 80 individuals. The injury rate for skiboarding was 252 mean days between injury (MDBI). Skiboarders comprised 5% of the total on-slope population. Ligament sprains and fractures accounted for 49 and 36% of all injuries, respectively. Over 70% of all injuries affected the lower limb and 21% of injuries were below knee fractures. The incidence of upper limb injuries was lower than expected at 13% of total.
    Conclusions: Skiboarding, whilst not associated with an excess injury rate, has a unique pattern of injury with a higher fracture rate than any other snow sport. The rates of lower limb and upper limb injury may be explained by the use of a non-release binding and inherent differences in the nature of a skiboard fall.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Arm Injuries/epidemiology ; Arm Injuries/etiology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leg Injuries/epidemiology ; Leg Injuries/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Scotland/epidemiology ; Snow Sports/injuries ; Snow Sports/statistics & numerical data ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-08-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218778-4
    ISSN 1879-0267 ; 0020-1383
    ISSN (online) 1879-0267
    ISSN 0020-1383
    DOI 10.1016/s0020-1383(02)00103-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A road traffic accident simulation vehicle for training prehospital practitioners.

    Langran, M / Carlin, B

    Emergency medicine journal : EMJ

    2006  Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 318–320

    MeSH term(s) Accidents, Traffic ; Automobiles ; Education, Medical, Continuing/methods ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medicine/education ; Humans ; Scotland
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2040124-3
    ISSN 1472-0213 ; 1472-0205
    ISSN (online) 1472-0213
    ISSN 1472-0205
    DOI 10.1136/emj.2005.029546
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: 8 management of allergy, rashes, and itching.

    Langran, M / Laird, C

    Emergency medicine journal : EMJ

    2004  Volume 21, Issue 6, Page(s) 728–741

    MeSH term(s) Anaphylaxis/diagnosis ; Anaphylaxis/immunology ; Anaphylaxis/therapy ; Bacterial Infections/diagnosis ; Bacterial Infections/therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Emergencies ; Exanthema/diagnosis ; Exanthema/immunology ; Exanthema/therapy ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/diagnosis ; Hypersensitivity/immunology ; Hypersensitivity/therapy ; Pruritus/diagnosis ; Pruritus/immunology ; Pruritus/therapy ; Virus Diseases/diagnosis ; Virus Diseases/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2040124-3
    ISSN 1472-0213 ; 1472-0205
    ISSN (online) 1472-0213
    ISSN 1472-0205
    DOI 10.1136/emj.2004.019927
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  4. Article: Increased injury risk among first-day skiers, snowboarders, and skiboarders.

    Langran, Mike / Selvaraj, Sivasubramaniam

    The American journal of sports medicine

    2004  Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 96–103

    Abstract: Background: Inexperience predisposes skiers, snowboarders, and skiboarders to a higher risk of injury.: Hypothesis: Individuals on their very 1st day's experience of skiing, snowboarding, or skiboarding are at greater risk of injury.: Study design!# ...

    Abstract Background: Inexperience predisposes skiers, snowboarders, and skiboarders to a higher risk of injury.
    Hypothesis: Individuals on their very 1st day's experience of skiing, snowboarding, or skiboarding are at greater risk of injury.
    Study design: Case control study.
    Methods: All individuals injured at the three largest ski areas in Scotland during the three winter seasons 1999-2000 through 2001-2002 were included. First-day participants were identified. Individual demographic details and snow sports-related parameters were recorded. Control data were collected from uninjured individuals. Factors associated with injury were explored in univariate and multivariate analyses.
    Results: First-day participants were overrepresented in the injured population by a factor of 2.2. Participant age younger than 17 years or older than 26 years, snowboarding, taking professional instruction, and the use of rented or borrowed gear were all independently associated with increased injury risk among 1st-day participants.
    Conclusions: First-day participants are at increased risk of injury. Several independent risk factors for injury have been identified.
    Clinical relevance: First-day participants should be targeted in any future educational programs with emphasis on gear selection, use of protective gear, and the risks of exceeding the limits of their ability.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Athletic Injuries/epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Scotland/epidemiology ; Skiing/injuries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 197482-8
    ISSN 1552-3365 ; 0363-5465
    ISSN (online) 1552-3365
    ISSN 0363-5465
    DOI 10.1177/0095399703258684
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  5. Article: Snow sports injuries in Scotland: a case-control study.

    Langran, M / Selvaraj, S

    British journal of sports medicine

    2002  Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 135–140

    Abstract: Objectives: To examine the incidence and patterns of snow sports injuries at the three largest commercial ski areas in Scotland and to identify factors associated with injury risk.: Methods: A prospective case-control study of all injured people at ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To examine the incidence and patterns of snow sports injuries at the three largest commercial ski areas in Scotland and to identify factors associated with injury risk.
    Methods: A prospective case-control study of all injured people at Cairngorm, Glenshee, and Nevis Range ski areas during the 1999-2000 winter season. Personal details, snow sports related variables, diagnosis, and treatment were recorded. Control data were collected at random from uninjured people at all three areas. Random counts were performed to analyse the composition of the on slope population.
    Results: A total of 732 injuries were recorded in 674 people. Control data were collected from 336 people. The injury rate for the study was 3.7 injuries per 1000 skier days. Alpine skiers comprised 67% of the on slope population, snowboarders 26%, skiboarders 4%, and telemark skiers 2%. Lower limb injuries and sprains were the commonest injuries in alpine skiers and skiboarders. Snowboarders sustained more injuries to the upper limb and axial areas. Skiboarders and snowboarders had a higher incidence of fractures. After adjustment for other variables, three factors were all independently associated with injury: snowboarding (odds ratio (OR) 4.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65 to 10.08), alpine skiing (OR 3.82, CI 1.6 to 9.13), and age <16 years (OR 1.9, CI 1.14 to 3.17). More than five days of experience in the current season and at least one week of experience in total had a protective effect against injury.
    Conclusions: Despite a change in the composition of the alpine population at Scottish ski areas, the overall rate and pattern of injury are similar to those reported previously in comparable studies. Several factors are associated with an increased risk of injury and should be targeted in future injury prevention campaigns.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Athletic Injuries/epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Female ; Fractures, Bone/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Scotland/epidemiology ; Sex Distribution ; Skiing/injuries ; Sprains and Strains/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 600592-5
    ISSN 1473-0480 ; 0306-3674
    ISSN (online) 1473-0480
    ISSN 0306-3674
    DOI 10.1136/bjsm.36.2.135
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  6. Article ; Online: Genioglossus fatigue in obstructive sleep apnea.

    McSharry, David / O'Connor, Ciara / McNicholas, Triona / Langran, Simon / O'Sullivan, Michael / Lowery, Madeleine / McNicholas, Walter T

    Respiratory physiology & neurobiology

    2012  Volume 183, Issue 2, Page(s) 59–66

    Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder that may cause cardiovascular disease and fatal traffic accidents but the pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Increased fatigability of the genioglossus (the principal upper airway ... ...

    Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder that may cause cardiovascular disease and fatal traffic accidents but the pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Increased fatigability of the genioglossus (the principal upper airway dilator muscle) might be important in OSA pathophysiology but the existing literature is uncertain. We hypothesized that the genioglossus in OSA subjects would fatigue more than in controls. In 9 OSA subjects and 9 controls during wakefulness we measured maximum voluntary tongue protrusion force (Tpmax). Using surface electromyography arrays we measured the rate of decline in muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) during an isometric fatiguing contraction at 30% Tpmax. The rate of decline in MFCV provides an objective means of quantifying localized muscle fatigue. Linear regression analysis of individual subject data demonstrated a significantly greater decrease in MFCV in OSA subjects compared to control subjects (29.2 ± 20.8% [mean ± SD] versus 11.2 ± 20.8%; p=0.04). These data support increased fatigability of the genioglossus muscle in OSA subjects which may be important in the pathophysiology of OSA.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction/physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Fatigue/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology ; Neural Conduction/physiology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology ; Tongue/physiopathology ; Wakefulness/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-08-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2077867-3
    ISSN 1878-1519 ; 1569-9048
    ISSN (online) 1878-1519
    ISSN 1569-9048
    DOI 10.1016/j.resp.2012.05.024
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  7. Article ; Online: The representation of voice onset time in the cortical auditory evoked potentials of young children.

    King, Katrina Agung / Campbell, Julia / Sharma, Anu / Martin, Kathryn / Dorman, Michael / Langran, Justin

    Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology

    2008  Volume 119, Issue 12, Page(s) 2855–2861

    Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether, in young children, a cortical neurophysiologic representation of the voicing status of a stop consonant could be found in the absence of the N1 component in the cortical auditory evoked ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether, in young children, a cortical neurophysiologic representation of the voicing status of a stop consonant could be found in the absence of the N1 component in the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP). In adults, a 'double-on' N1 response is often considered a cortical marker of VOT representation.
    Methods: Scalp-recorded CAEPs were measured from six electrode sites in 10 children aged 4-8 years in response to a /da/-/ta/ continuum in which voice onset times (VOTs) varied from 0 to 60ms. CAEPs were also recorded from C(z) in a group of eight children aged 2-3 years in response to stimuli with VOTs of 0 and 60ms.
    Results: Cortical evoked responses elicited by stimuli with VOT values ranging from 0 to 60ms (i.e., by stimuli perceived as /da/ and /ta/) were similar in morphology. There was no evidence of a 'double-on' morphology for stimuli with long VOTs. However, latency changes in the P1 and N2 components were observed as a function of VOT changes.
    Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that a representation of VOT, as recorded by scalp electrodes, exists in the developing cortical evoked response, but that representation is different than that in the adult response. The results describe the developmental changes in cortical representation of VOT in children ages 2-8 years.
    Significance: The child's CAEP reflects physiologic processes, which are involved in the cortical encoding of VOT. Overall, cortical representation of VOT in children ages 2-8 is different than in adults.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Analysis of Variance ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Choice Behavior/physiology ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Speech Acoustics ; Time Factors ; Voice
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1463630-x
    ISSN 1872-8952 ; 0921-884X ; 1388-2457
    ISSN (online) 1872-8952
    ISSN 0921-884X ; 1388-2457
    DOI 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.09.015
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  8. Article: Design of surface electrode array for electromyography in the genioglossus muscle.

    O'Connor, C M / Langran, S / O'Sullivan, M / Nolan, P / O'Malley, M

    Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference

    2005  Volume 2004, Page(s) 2259–2262

    Abstract: The patency of the upper airway is dependent on the sustained activity of upper airway muscles, in particular the genioglossus (GG) muscles which act to protrude the tongue. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common and serious disorder in ... ...

    Abstract The patency of the upper airway is dependent on the sustained activity of upper airway muscles, in particular the genioglossus (GG) muscles which act to protrude the tongue. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common and serious disorder in which this mechanism fails, resulting in frequent collapse of the airway during sleep. The properties of the upper airway muscles are therefore of interest in both normal and OSAS subjects, so that their role in the pathogenesis of OSAS can be better understood. Electromyography (EMG) is an important tool for assessing muscle activity and has been used in many GG studies. We have designed a new appliance incorporating a surface electrode array for GG EMG recording. The electrode configuration enables estimation of muscle fibre conduction velocity (CV), an important parameter for monitoring muscle fatigue, which has not been studied before in the GG. The appliance is also designed to provide accurate and repeatable placement of electrodes. Preliminary results presented demonstrate the performance of our appliance, which will now be used to measure GG CV in a range of fatiguing conditions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-08-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2091094-0
    ISSN 1558-4615 ; 1557-170X ; 1094-687X
    ISSN (online) 1558-4615
    ISSN 1557-170X ; 1094-687X
    DOI 10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1403657
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  9. Article: Ski injuries in Scotland. A review of statistics from Cairngorm ski area winter 1993/94.

    Langran, M / Jachacy, G B / MacNeill, A

    Scottish medical journal

    1996  Volume 41, Issue 6, Page(s) 169–172

    Abstract: Scottish skiing is a growth industry-nearly all acute ski injuries in Aviemore are managed initially by local general practitioners. This study set out to examine the nature and incidence of ski injuries in one Scottish ski resort, and to calculate the ... ...

    Abstract Scottish skiing is a growth industry-nearly all acute ski injuries in Aviemore are managed initially by local general practitioners. This study set out to examine the nature and incidence of ski injuries in one Scottish ski resort, and to calculate the additional workload generated for the health centre, ambulance service and local hospital. During the study period, the winter ski season of 1993-94, a prospective study was made of the 486 acute ski injuries presenting to Aviemore Health Centre. Despite frequently poor weather conditions, the season's injury rate for Cairngorm was 2.43 per 1000 skier days which compares favourably with statistics from other ski centres world-wide. The anatomical pattern of injuries for both downhill skiing and snowboarding was similar to that of other countries. Knee injuries constituted nearly one third of all cases. 8% of injuries involved the ski lift machinery. 31% of casualties underwent radiographic examination, 17% needed hospital referral and 7% required admission to hospital. The management of acute ski injuries can be performed effectively in the primary care setting. It has significant benefits in rural areas by rationalising the use of ambulance and hospital services.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Population Surveillance ; Prospective Studies ; Referral and Consultation ; Risk Factors ; Scotland/epidemiology ; Skiing/injuries ; Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology ; Wounds and Injuries/etiology ; Wounds and Injuries/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 1996-12
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 414085-0
    ISSN 2045-6441 ; 0036-9330
    ISSN (online) 2045-6441
    ISSN 0036-9330
    DOI 10.1177/003693309604100605
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  10. Article: Adaptation to a diet low in protein: effect of complex carbohydrate upon urea kinetics in normal man.

    Langran, M / Moran, B J / Murphy, J L / Jackson, A A

    Clinical science (London, England : 1979)

    1992  Volume 82, Issue 2, Page(s) 191–198

    Abstract: 1. Urea kinetics were measured by using prime/intermittent oral doses of [15N15N]urea in five healthy men taking formula diets adequate in energy and containing either 70 or 35 g of protein/day. In some studies the low-protein diet was supplemented with ... ...

    Abstract 1. Urea kinetics were measured by using prime/intermittent oral doses of [15N15N]urea in five healthy men taking formula diets adequate in energy and containing either 70 or 35 g of protein/day. In some studies the low-protein diet was supplemented with non-starch polysaccharides in the form of ispaghula husk or ripe bananas. 2. On the 70 g of protein/day diet urea production was 132% of intake. Only 54% of the urea produced was excreted in the urine with 46% being salvaged in the colon; 90% of the salvaged nitrogen was retained in the metabolic nitrogen pool. 3. On the 35 g of protein/day diet the small decrease in urea production rate compared with that on the 70 g of protein/day diet was not significant, but only 36% of the urea produced was excreted in urine, with the majority, 64%, being salvaged. 4. The extent of urea-nitrogen salvaging on the 35 g of protein/day diet was similar in magnitude to the decrease in nitrogen intake, with the effect that the sum of intake and salvaged nitrogen did not differ between the 35 and the 70 g of protein/day diets. This implies that quantitative control is exerted over the rate at which urea nitrogen is salvaged. 5. The addition of non-starch polysaccharides to the 35 g of protein/day diet had a demonstrable effect upon faecal weight and composition, but did not exert any significant influence upon urea kinetics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Physiological/physiology ; Adult ; Dietary Carbohydrates/pharmacology ; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage ; Feces/chemistry ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology ; Urea/metabolism ; Urea/urine
    Chemical Substances Dietary Carbohydrates ; Dietary Proteins ; Polysaccharides ; Urea (8W8T17847W)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1992-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 760216-9
    ISSN 0143-5221 ; 0144-9664
    ISSN 0143-5221 ; 0144-9664
    DOI 10.1042/cs0820191
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