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Article ; Online: Place-based modelling of social vulnerability to COVID-19 in Nigeria.

Lawal, Olanrewaju / Osayomi, Tolulope

SN social sciences

2021 Volume 1, Issue 11, Page(s) 269

Abstract: COVID-19, within a short period of time, grew into a pandemic. The timely identification of places and populations at great risk of COVID-19 infection would aid disease control. In Nigeria, where a variety of recommended and adopted non-pharmaceutical ... ...

Abstract	COVID-19, within a short period of time, grew into a pandemic. The timely identification of places and populations at great risk of COVID-19 infection would aid disease control. In Nigeria, where a variety of recommended and adopted non-pharmaceutical interventions seem to have limited effectiveness, the number of cases is still increasing. To this end, this paper computed a social vulnerability to COVID-19 index (SoVI) in Nigeria within the local government area (LGA) framework with a view to revealing vulnerable places and populations. The study relied on several data sources and factor analysis for the development of the index. SoVI values ranged from 2.3 (least vulnerable) to 6.8 (most vulnerable). Three percent of the 774 LGAs were extremely vulnerable while 2% of these LGAs were least vulnerable to COVID-19. The predictive power of the index was confirmed to be strong (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-22
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2662-9283
ISSN (online)	2662-9283
DOI	10.1007/s43545-021-00285-5
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Article: The emergence of a diabetes pocket in Nigeria: the result of a spatial analysis

Osayomi, Tolulope

GeoJournal. 2019 Oct., v. 84, no. 5

2019

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major chronic degenerative disease in the world including Nigeria which has the largest number of DM cases in Africa. Despite the huge public health impact, little on the geographic analysis and determinants of DM in the ... ...

Abstract	Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major chronic degenerative disease in the world including Nigeria which has the largest number of DM cases in Africa. Despite the huge public health impact, little on the geographic analysis and determinants of DM in the country is understood. Therefore the study investigated the geographical variations in DM prevalence in Nigeria with the aid of Global Moran‘s I, Local Moran’s I and spatial regression techniques. Enugu State has the highest DM prevalence rate in the country. There was not only evidence of geographic clustering of DM (I = 0.30, z = 3.49; p < 0.05) but the existence of a DM pocket in the southeastern part of Nigeria comprising Abia, Anambra, Enugu and Imo states. Obesity and educational attainment collectively explain 31 (OLS model) and 33 (Spatial error model) percent of the variation in the geographical pattern of DM in the country. Possible explanations for the diabetes pocket and the observed geographical pattern include the prevalent socio-cultural practices and traditional dietary patterns, symbolic significance of obesity, low level of education and high level of urbanization. From the policy perspective, the study proposes a regional policy intervention among other recommendations.
Keywords	diabetes mellitus ; eating habits ; educational status ; issues and policy ; models ; obesity ; public health ; urbanization ; Nigeria
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-10
Size	p. 1149-1164.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	715360-0
ISSN	1572-9893 ; 0343-2521
ISSN (online)	1572-9893
ISSN	0343-2521
DOI	10.1007/s10708-018-9911-2
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Article: Is there a relationship between economic indicators and road fatalities in Texas? A multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis

Iyanda, Ayodeji E. / Osayomi, Tolulope

GeoJournal. 2021 Dec., v. 86, no. 6

2021

Abstract: To assess spatial heterogeneity in geographic data, geographically weighted regression (GWR) has been widely used. This study used an advanced version of GWR, multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR), which provides a unique extension that ... ...

Abstract	To assess spatial heterogeneity in geographic data, geographically weighted regression (GWR) has been widely used. This study used an advanced version of GWR, multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR), which provides a unique extension that allows each predictor to be associated with a distinct bandwidth in predicting traffic fatalities in Texas. Traffic data from fatality analysis reporting system (FARS) between 2010 and 2015, aggregated at the census tract level (N = 5265), were used to examine different scales at which selected economic variables explain the traffic road fatality rate per 100,000 population. Twelve economic variables were initially selected and reduced to four factors (ride-sharing to work, driving alone, mean travel time to work, and work commuting) using the varimax rotation technique. The spatial pattern of the four factors in the GWR model differs significantly from MGWR in spatial patterns, signs, and values relative to the traffic fatality rate. The diagnostic results showed that traditional GWR over fitted the predictors compared to MGWR (max. condition number in GWR = 28.3 versus MGWR = 9.6; adjusted R² GWR = 61.8% versus MGWR = 44.5%). The application of the MGWR technique is a robust technique in ensuring the correct process scale or bandwidth in modeling spatial data such as road traffic fatality for place and scale-specific intervention purposes. We discussed the three levels of scale identified in the MGWR model for traffic planning intervention and policymaking. Lastly, we concluded with how MGWR mitigates the common problem of aggregated data such as MAUP.
Keywords	death ; models ; mortality ; regression analysis ; spatial data ; spatial variation ; traffic ; Texas
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 2787-2807.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	715360-0
ISSN	1572-9893 ; 0343-2521
ISSN (online)	1572-9893
ISSN	0343-2521
DOI	10.1007/s10708-020-10232-1
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Article ; Online: Geographical patterns and effects of human and mechanical factors on road traffic crashes in Nigeria.

Adeleke, Richard / Osayomi, Tolulope / Iyanda, Ayodeji E

International journal of injury control and safety promotion

2020 Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–15

Abstract: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) remain an issue of global concern particularly in Nigeria where over 80 percent of these crashes are accounted by human and mechanical factors (HM). Many geographic studies on RTCs, fatality and injury have largely focused on ... ...

Abstract	Road traffic crashes (RTCs) remain an issue of global concern particularly in Nigeria where over 80 percent of these crashes are accounted by human and mechanical factors (HM). Many geographic studies on RTCs, fatality and injury have largely focused on the spatial clustering and associative analysis of risk factors; with little known about the relative contribution of HM factors within the spatial context. Hence, this study applied a spatial approach to the effect of HM factors on RTCs, fatality and injury across the regions of Nigeria. The data for this study were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics for the year 2017-2019 and were analysed using spatial analysis techniques such as Global Moran's I and spatial regression model. There was evidence of geographic clustering of RTCs, fatality and injury in Nigeria. On one hand, route violation and sleeping on steering were significant predictors in southern Nigeria while tyre burst was significant at the national level, in the north and rural areas. The use of mobile phone while driving was a significant predictor at the national level. On the other hand, overloading was associated with RTCs and injuries at the national level and northern Nigeria. Speed violation was a prominent risk factor across the country. The study, based on observed regional differentials, argues that extant laws and regulations on traffic safety should be strictly enforced to curtail RTCs in the country.
MeSH term(s)	Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data ; Automobile Driving ; Causality ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Nigeria ; Regression Analysis ; Spatial Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171097-1
ISSN	1745-7319 ; 1745-7300
ISSN (online)	1745-7319
ISSN	1745-7300
DOI	10.1080/17457300.2020.1823996
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Article ; Online: Empirical Modelling of Confirmed Covid-19 Cases in Nigeria

Oyinlola, Mutiu Abimbola / Osayomi, Tolulope / Adeniyi, Oluwatosin

SSRN Electronic Journal ; ISSN 1556-5068

Forecasts and Implications

2020

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.2139/ssrn.3596095
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Small-area variations in overweight and obesity in an urban area of Nigeria

Osayomi Tolulope / Orhiere Maryanne A.

Bulletin of Geography: Socio-Economic Series, Vol 38, Iss 38, Pp 93-

The role of fast food outlets

2017 Volume 108

Abstract: Overweight and obesity are two related health issues of epidemic proportions. In Nigeria, these health conditions have been emerging only recently. The extant literature shows inter-city variations in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria. ... ...

Abstract	Overweight and obesity are two related health issues of epidemic proportions. In Nigeria, these health conditions have been emerging only recently. The extant literature shows inter-city variations in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria. However, they say little about intra-city variations of these health problems in Nigerian urban centres. Thus, the focus of the study was to determine the small-area variations in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in an urban area of Nigeria and its association with socio-economic, environmental, dietary and lifestyle risk factors. With the aid of a questionnaire, information on the demographic, socio-economic, lifestyle, household and neighbourhood characteristics of respondents was obtained from respondents. Overweight and obesity were computed based on the self-reported height and weight of respondents, using the Body Mass Index (BMI) formula. A simple linear regression model was estimated to determine the individual and collective effects of risk factors. Findings showed that there were noticeable spatial variations in the prevalence of overweight and obesity which result from the varying contextual and compositional characteristics among the political wards of the Ibadan North LGA. Physical proximity to fast food outlets was the only significant factor driving the spatial pattern of obesity (b = 0.645; R2 = 0.416). The paper suggests that government and health officials should formulate area-specific obesity prevention and control plans to curb this growing epidemic in Nigeria.
Keywords	overweight ; obesity ; fast food outlets ; urban ; nigeria ; Geography (General) ; G1-922
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sciendo
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Regional variation and demographic factors associated with knowledge of malaria risk and prevention strategies among pregnant women in Nigeria.

Iyanda, Ayodeji E / Osayomi, Tolulope / Boakye, Kwadwo A / Lu, Yongmei

Women & health

2019 Volume 60, Issue 4, Page(s) 456–472

Abstract: Pregnant women and children are the most vulnerable populations for malaria infection. Yet, knowledge of risk, and preventive measures are poor among this population. Using the 2015 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey, we applied logit link function to ... ...

Abstract	Pregnant women and children are the most vulnerable populations for malaria infection. Yet, knowledge of risk, and preventive measures are poor among this population. Using the 2015 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey, we applied logit link function to estimate the associations of wealth status, educational attainment, and region of residence with malaria risk knowledge and prevention strategies (using a treated mosquito net and malaria drugs) among 739 Nigerian pregnant women aged 15-49 years. Urban women who had obtained a secondary school education (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-4) or higher (aOR = 8.31; 95% CI 3.2-22) had more knowledge of malaria risk. Urban women in the South-West (aOR = 5.02; [CI] 2.02-12.50) and South-East (aOR = 2.68; 95% CI 1.19-6.06) were more likely to use treated mosquito nets during pregnancy. Women in the urban South-West (aOR = 4.04; 95% CI 1.5-11) were more likely to use malaria drugs during pregnancy than those in the North-Central. A wide regional disparity in the knowledge of malaria risks and use of preventive measures exists. Thus, promoting equal access to malaria preventive measures as well as improving knowledge about malaria transmission by mosquitoes should be considered as essential components of ongoing malaria control and elimination efforts in Nigeria.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Insecticide-Treated Bednets/statistics & numerical data ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Middle Aged ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/epidemiology ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/prevention & control ; Pregnant Women/education ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603396-9
ISSN	1541-0331 ; 0363-0242
ISSN (online)	1541-0331
ISSN	0363-0242
DOI	10.1080/03630242.2019.1643818
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Article ; Online: Fertility knowledge, contraceptive use and unintentional pregnancy in 29 African countries: a cross-sectional study.

Iyanda, Ayodeji Emmanuel / Dinkins, Barbara J / Osayomi, Tolulope / Adeusi, Temitope Joshua / Lu, Yongmei / Oppong, Joseph R

International journal of public health

2020 Volume 65, Issue 4, Page(s) 445–455

Abstract: Objectives: We examined the association between incorrect knowledge of ovulation and unintentional pregnancy and child among young women in sub-Saharan Africa countries.: Methods: Using Pearson's Chi-square, t test, multiple logistic regression, and ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: We examined the association between incorrect knowledge of ovulation and unintentional pregnancy and child among young women in sub-Saharan Africa countries. Methods: Using Pearson's Chi-square, t test, multiple logistic regression, and likelihood ratio test, we analyzed Demographic and Health Survey data (2008-2017) of 169,939 young women (15-24 year). Results: The range of prevalence of incorrect knowledge of ovulation was 51% in Comoros and 89.6% in Sao Tome and Principe, while unintentional pregnancy ranged between 9.4% in the Republic of Benin and 59.6% in Namibia. The multivariate result indicates a strong association between incorrect knowledge of ovulation and unintentional pregnancy (OR = 1.17; p < 0.05) and unintentional child (OR = 1.15; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Adolescent women (15-19) generally have poor knowledge of ovulation and are more likely to report an unintentional pregnancy/child than women between ages 20-24. To reduce the burden of unintentional child/pregnancy in Africa, fertility knowledge should not only be improved on but must consider the sociocultural context of women in different countries that might affect the adoption of such intervention programs. Pragmatic efforts, such as building community support for young women to discuss and share their experiences with professionals and educate them on fertility and sexuality, are essential.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Africa South of the Sahara ; Contraception Behavior/statistics & numerical data ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Fertility/physiology ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Ovulation/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Unplanned ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2274130-6
ISSN	1661-8564 ; 1661-8556
ISSN (online)	1661-8564
ISSN	1661-8556
DOI	10.1007/s00038-020-01356-9
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Article ; Online: Geospatial Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents, Injuries and Deaths in Nigeria

Tolulope Osayomi / Abidoun Ayooluwa Areola

Indonesian Journal of Geography, Vol 47, Iss 1, Pp 88-

2015 Volume 98

Abstract: RTAs in Nigeria are very high and have become progressively important because of their heavy health and financial burden. The few geographic studies on RTAs in Nigeria are limited to their mere spatial distribution and associated risk factors, with very ... ...

Abstract	RTAs in Nigeria are very high and have become progressively important because of their heavy health and financial burden. The few geographic studies on RTAs in Nigeria are limited to their mere spatial distribution and associated risk factors, with very little attention given to their spatial clustering patterns and the detection of hotspots. With the aid of Global Moran’s I and Local Getis, the study found some evidence of significant positive spatial autocorrelation, and consistent clustering of RTAs, RTIs and RTDs in the southwest from 2002 to 2007 which suggested the presence of an accident belt in the southwestern region, which has been accounted by poor road infrastructure, relatively high level of economic development and high vehicular movements. The study recommends the deployment of road safety officials to the accident belt, strict enforcement of safety belts and helmets, and periodic road maintenance.
Keywords	road traffic accidents ; spatial autocorrelation ; poor road infrastructure ; G.I.S. ; accident belt ; Nigeria ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Geography (General) ; G1-922
Subject code	380
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universitas Gadjah Mada
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: A Geographical Analysis of the African COVID-19 Paradox: Putting the Poverty-as-a-Vaccine Hypothesis to the Test.

Osayomi, Tolulope / Adeleke, Richard / Akpoterai, Lawrence Enejeta / Fatayo, Opeyemi Caleb / Ayanda, Joy Temitope / Moyin-Jesu, Judah / Isioye, Abdullahi / Popoola, Ayobami Abayomi

Earth systems and environment

2021 Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) 799–810

Abstract: The poverty-as-a-vaccine hypothesis came to light following the wide circulation of the controversial British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) World Service post on the internet and social media. It was a theoretical response to what this paper has termed ... ...

Abstract	The poverty-as-a-vaccine hypothesis came to light following the wide circulation of the controversial British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) World Service post on the internet and social media. It was a theoretical response to what this paper has termed as "the African COVID-19 paradox" or what some have characterised as the "African COVID-19 anomaly" whose thesis is though Africa is the poorest continent in the world, yet it has some of the lowest COVID-19 infection and mortality rates globally. This paradoxical profile apparently contradicts earlier and grim projections by several international bodies on the fate of Africa in this global health crisis. Given this background, we specifically tested the validity of the hypothesis from a geographic perspective within the spatial framework of Africa. Data came from secondary sources. Evidence truly points out a significant negative relationship between COVID-19 and poverty in Africa and thus statistically supports the poverty-as-a-vaccine hypothesis. However, this does not confirm that poverty confers immunity against COVID-19 but it implicitly shows there are complex factors responsible for the anomaly. The main conclusion of the paper is that poverty has no protective immunity against COVID-19 in Africa and is therefore not tenable.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2892530-0
ISSN	2509-9434 ; 2509-9426
ISSN (online)	2509-9434
ISSN	2509-9426
DOI	10.1007/s41748-021-00234-5
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