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Article: Pathological Lung Patterns of COVID-19 and its Clinical Correlation to Disease Severity.

Maddani, Sagar Shanmukhappa / Rao, Raghavendra / Deepa, H C / Noronha, Adrian Keith / Chaudhuri, Souvik / Vishwas, P

Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine

2023 Volume 26, Issue 12, Page(s) 1285–1292

Abstract: ... Deepa HC, Noronha AK, Chaudhuri S, Vishwas P. Pathological Lung Patterns of COVID-19 and its Clinical ... it might reflect the effect of treatment with anticoagulation.: How to cite this article: Maddani SS, Rao R ...

Abstract	Introduction: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection can result in pulmonary complications ranging from mild illness to severe life-threatening disease. There are limited studies correlating the association between the clinical course of COVID-19 and histopathological findings. This study aimed to examine the postmortem histopathological changes in lung tissue of COVID-19-positive patients and to correlate those changes with disease severity. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in adult COVID-19-positive patients. Postmortem core needle biopsy (CNB) of the lung was done using ultrasonography guidance within 1 hour of death. Histopathological analyses were performed by two expert pulmonary pathologists. The demographic and clinical data of the patients were recorded to correlate them with histopathological findings. Results: In total, 48 patients were assessed for inclusion, and 21 patient relatives consented for the study. The median duration of illness was 21 (range 9-38) days, the predominant histopathological finding was diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in most patients (19/21), followed by pneumonia (13/21). Exudative, intermediate, and advanced DAD patterns were seen in 9.5%, 52.4%, and 28.6% of cases, respectively. Advanced DAD was associated with a longer duration of disease. The pneumonia findings were associated with positive respiratory and blood cultures. The microvascular thrombus was seen only in one patient. Conclusion: The predominant pathological findings in our patients were DAD and pneumonia. The DAD type correlated with the duration of illness, and we attributed pneumonia findings to secondary infection. The incidence of microvascular thrombi was low, and it might reflect the effect of treatment with anticoagulation. How to cite this article: Maddani SS, Rao R, Deepa HC, Noronha AK, Chaudhuri S, Vishwas P. Pathological Lung Patterns of COVID-19 and its Clinical Correlation to Disease Severity. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(12):1285-1292.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-25
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2121263-6
ISSN	1998-359X ; 0972-5229
ISSN (online)	1998-359X
ISSN	0972-5229
DOI	10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24364
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Utility of the Modified Nutritional Risk in the Critically ill Score as an Outcome Predictor in All-Cause Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Acute Febrile Illness-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Todur, Pratibha / Nileshwar, Anitha / Chaudhuri, Souvik / Maddani, Sagar S / Rao, Shwethapriya / Thejesh, S

Journal of emergencies, trauma, and shock

2022 Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 173–179

Abstract: Introduction: Nutritional risk in the Critically Ill (NUTRIC) score is a predictor of adverse outcomes in the critically ill, and its utility in a specific population of critically ill has been recommended. We aimed to study the utility of modified ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Nutritional risk in the Critically Ill (NUTRIC) score is a predictor of adverse outcomes in the critically ill, and its utility in a specific population of critically ill has been recommended. We aimed to study the utility of modified NUTRIC (mNUTRIC) score as a mortality predictor in acute febrile illness (AFI)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and all-cause ARDS patients. Methods: We recorded data from two prospective observational ARDS studies conducted at a single-center tertiary care hospital to evaluate the utility of the mNUTRIC score as an independent mortality predictor in all-cause ARDS and AFI-ARDS. A total of 216 all-cause ARDS patients were included, of which 73 were AFI-ARDS and 143 were non-AFI ARDS. Results: Mortality of AFI-ARDS was 16/73 (21.9%) compared to 62/143 (43.35%) in non-AFI ARDS ( Conclusion: The mNUTRIC score is an independent mortality predictor for all-cause ARDS and AFI-ARDS patients. AFI-ARDS has significantly lesser mortality than non-AFI ARDS.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-07
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2461111-6
ISSN	0974-519X ; 0974-2700
ISSN (online)	0974-519X
ISSN	0974-2700
DOI	10.4103/jets.jets_98_22
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Article: Evaluation of the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation provided by the emergency response team at a tertiary care hospital.

Maddani, Sagar S / Chaudhuri, Souvik / Krishna, H M / Rao, Shwethapriya / Unnithan, Narayanan H / Ravindranath, Sunil T

Indian journal of anaesthesia

2022 Volume 66, Issue 2, Page(s) 126–132

Abstract: Background and aims: Chest compression fraction is the proportion of time spent on chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aims of this study were to know the quality of CPR provided during in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) by ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Chest compression fraction is the proportion of time spent on chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aims of this study were to know the quality of CPR provided during in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) by analysing the chest compression fraction and to see the correlation of chest compression fraction with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the hospital setting. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in patients aged >18 years who developed IHCA. An observer would assess the quality of CPR provided by noting the time spent on chest compression. The chest compression fraction was calculated and correlated in patients with ROSC and without ROSC. Patients who survived were followed until discharge, and their neurological score was determined using the cerebral performance category (CPC). Results: We included 126 patients in the study; the mean chest compression fraction achieved was 78% (standard deviation [SD] ± 5). A total of 73 (58%) patients achieved ROSC and among them, 11 patients (9%) survived to hospital discharge. We found that the patients with ROSC had a significantly higher chest compression fraction of 80% (SD ± 5), as compared to 75% (SD ± 5), in whom ROSC could not be achieved. A multivariate logistic regression test showed higher odds (1.125) of ROSC in patients with high chest compression fraction. The mean CPC among the survivors was 1.4 (SD ± 0.5). Conclusion: Our study shows that health-care providers in our hospital provide high-quality CPR, and chest compression fraction is independently associated with ROSC in IHCA.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-24
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	412570-8
ISSN	0019-5049
ISSN	0019-5049
DOI	10.4103/ija.ija_897_21
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Article: Risk Factors of Decreased Abdominal Expiratory Muscle Thickness in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients-The mNUTRIC Score is an Independent Predictor.

Vishwas, P / Amara, Vedaghosh / Maddani, Sagar Shanmukhappa / Chaudhuri, Souvik / Podder, Suvajit

Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine

2022 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 8–15

Abstract: ... to cite this article: Vishwas P, Amara V, Maddani SS, Chaudhuri S, Podder S. Risk Factors of Decreased ...

Abstract	Background: The expiratory abdominal skeletal muscles are an important component of the respiratory muscle pump, and their reduced thickness has been associated with difficult weaning. There is no objective score that may help clinicians to predict expiratory abdominal muscle thinning. Patients and methods: This was a single-center retrospective study on 81 patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation. The thickness of the four abdominal expiratory muscles-rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and transversus abdominis (TA) on the day of the first spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), was obtained. The various parameters of the patients with thinner RA, IO, EO, and TA below the determined thickness cut-off values, predicting difficult weaning was analyzed. Results: Modified nutritional risk in critically ill (mNUTRIC) score was found to be an independent predictor of thinner IO muscle after logistic regression analysis [ Conclusion: The mNUTRIC score is an independent predictor of thinner abdominal expiratory muscles in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. How to cite this article: Vishwas P, Amara V, Maddani SS, Chaudhuri S, Podder S. Risk Factors of Decreased Abdominal Expiratory Muscle Thickness in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients-The mNUTRIC Score is an Independent Predictor. Indian J Crit Care Med 2023;27(1):8-15.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-22
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2121263-6
ISSN	1998-359X ; 0972-5229
ISSN (online)	1998-359X
ISSN	0972-5229
DOI	10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24375
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Article: Evaluation of Abdominal Expiratory Muscle Thickness Pattern, Diaphragmatic Excursion, and Lung Ultrasound Score in Critically Ill Patients and Their Association with Weaning Patterns: A Prospective Observational Study.

Amara, Vedaghosh / Vishwas, P / Maddani, Sagar S / Natarajan, Srikant / Chaudhuri, Souvik

Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine

2022 Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 307–313

Abstract: ... this article: Amara V, Vishwas P, Maddani SS, Natarajan S, Chaudhuri S. Evaluation of Abdominal Expiratory ...

Abstract	Introduction: The expiratory muscles are an indispensable component of respiratory function in critically ill patients, yet is often overlooked. We evaluated the association of abdominal expiratory muscles thickness pattern with weaning. Materials and methods: This was a single-center, prospective observational study done on 81 adult mechanically ventilated patients who underwent the weaning process. Results: Sixteen patients had simple weaning and 65 patients had either difficult or prolonged weaning. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the thickness of expiratory abdominal muscles-rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and transversus abdominis (TA) were significantly more in patients with simple weaning than those with difficult or prolonged weaning. The receiver operating curve (ROC) of expiratory muscles showed RA, IO, EO, TA cut-offs 0.638, 0.492, 0.315, and 0.253 cm, respectively, to predict simple weaning. The pattern of expiratory muscle thickness RA > IO > EO > TA was maintained in both simple and difficult/prolonged weaning groups ( Conclusion: Abdominal expiratory muscles were significantly thicker in patients with simple weaning compared to those with difficult or prolonged weaning. The pattern of expiratory muscle thickness followed the pattern of RA > IO > EO > TA in both simple weaning and difficult or prolonged weaning groups. DE >1.79 cm predicted simple weaning and LUS was significantly lesser in patients with simple weaning (CTRI/2020/11/028895). How to cite this article: Amara V, Vishwas P, Maddani SS, Natarajan S, Chaudhuri S. Evaluation of Abdominal Expiratory Muscle Thickness Pattern, Diaphragmatic Excursion, and Lung Ultrasound Score in Critically Ill Patients and Their Association with Weaning Patterns: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(3):307-313.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-18
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2121263-6
ISSN	1998-359X ; 0972-5229
ISSN (online)	1998-359X
ISSN	0972-5229
DOI	10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24125
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Article ; Online: Comparison between a low-cost model (CPR Pillow) and a mannequin in training hands only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): A randomised trial.

Nehra, Abhinav / Ravindra, Prithvishree / Bhat, Rachana / Nagesh, Savan Kumar / Alok, Yash / Nisarg S / Shanmukhappa Maddani, Sagar / Balakrishnan, Jayaraj Mymbilly

Resuscitation plus

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) 100518

Abstract: Introduction: CPR is an important lifesaving skill that can improve outcomes of patients in cardiac arrest. Mass training of hands-only CPR is one of the ways to spread information and teach this skill. Need for expensive CPR mannequins are a limiting ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: CPR is an important lifesaving skill that can improve outcomes of patients in cardiac arrest. Mass training of hands-only CPR is one of the ways to spread information and teach this skill. Need for expensive CPR mannequins are a limiting factor in conducting such mass training programmes. This study assessed the effectiveness of a low-cost CPR pillow model in training hands-only CPR. Methodology: Two hundred and six undergraduate students underwent a two-hour CPR training session. They were randomly divided into two groups - mannequin group and CPR pillow group and practiced hands-only CPR on a standard mannequin and a low-cost CPR pillow model, respectively. Knowledge, attitude, and skill acquisition were objectively assessed and compared between the two groups. Results: There was no statistical difference in hand positioning, chest compression rate and fraction, depth and overall CPR score between the two groups trained via mannequin and CPR Pillow ( Conclusion: The use of low-cost homemade CPR devices such as our CPR pillow model is an acceptable alternative to mannequin for training hands-only CPR to lay rescuers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-5204
ISSN (online)	2666-5204
DOI	10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100518
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Article: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Questionnaire-based Study to Know the Practices and Strategies of Ventilatory Management of COVID-19 Patients among the Treating Physicians.

Maddani, Sagar S / Deepa, Hunasaghatta Chandrappa / Rao, Shwethapriya / Chaudhuri, Souvik

Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine

2020 Volume 24, Issue 8, Page(s) 643–648

Abstract: ... this article: Maddani SS, Deepa HC, Rao S, Chaudhuri S. A Multicenter Cross-sectional Questionnaire-based ...

Abstract	Introduction: COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Many of the COVID-19 patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and require ventilatory support based on their severity for which conventional strategies are being used along with few newer strategies. We conducted this multicenter survey to know the physician's current ventilation strategies adopted for the care of COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods: The survey was conducted after taking the ethical committee clearance. The web-based multicenter, cross-sectional questionnaire study was sent to physicians, who were involved in the management of COVID-19 patients. The questionnaire was segregated into three parts: part one consisted of general information and consent form, part two was concerned regarding demographic characteristics, and part three was concerned about their practices and strategies for ventilation of COVID-19 patients. Results: A total of 223 responders replied for the questionnaire; 190 participated in the study saying that they are involved in the management of COVID-19 patients. The answers to the questionnaires were expressed as a percentage of total responses. 86% of the respondents said they have a designated intensive care unit (ICU) and 89% of the responders said they have an intubation/extubation protocol for suspect/confirmed COVID-19 patients. The responses of junior residents (JRs), senior residents (SRs), assistant professors/junior consultants, and professors/consultants were analyzed separately, and a few significant differences were observed. 39% of JRs were aware of prone ventilation as the most effective rescue ventilation strategy compared to 69% of consultants/professors. Extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) strategy was also more significant in consultants/professors (40%) vs JRs (12%). The responders were also diverged based on medical college and corporate hospitals, and their responses were noted. Most commonly, responders in the corporate hospitals had a facility to ventilate COVID-19 patients in a negative pressure isolation facility compared to a nonnegative pressure room isolation facility in medical colleges. Conclusion: Most of the responders were practicing ventilation strategies in a standard manner. JRs need to undergo further training in a few aspects of the ventilatory management, and also, they need to update themselves with newer treatment modalities as they keep evolving. Medical colleges are providing at par facility compared to corporate hospitals except for few advance care facilities. Clinical significance: This study highlights the current practice of ventilatory management of COVID-19 patients, which is satisfactory. The survey can be used to develop study tools, to educate resident doctors, to further improve quality of care of critical COVID-19 patients. How to cite this article: Maddani SS, Deepa HC, Rao S, Chaudhuri S. A Multicenter Cross-sectional Questionnaire-based Study to know the Practices and Strategies of Ventilatory Management of COVID-19 Patients among the Treating Physicians. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(8):643-648.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-06
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2121263-6
ISSN	1998-359X ; 0972-5229
ISSN (online)	1998-359X
ISSN	0972-5229
DOI	10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23516
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Article: A Multicenter Questionnaire-based Study to Know the Awareness and Medical Treatment Plan of Physicians Involved in the Management of COVID-19 Patients.

Maddani, Sagar S / Chaudhuri, Souvik / Deepa, Hunasaghatta Chandrappa / Amara, Vedaghosh

Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine

2020 Volume 24, Issue 10, Page(s) 919–925

Abstract: ... must be elucidated as soon as it is feasible.: How to cite this article: Maddani SS, Chaudhuri S, Deepa ...

Abstract	Introduction: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is on the rise in our country and there is no specific treatment modality available presently. The treatment of the disease largely remains symptomatic but repurposed drugs used to treat other disease conditions are being used to treat moderate to severe form of the disease. As the clinical trials for these drugs are ongoing, we conducted this survey to know the physicians' medical treatment plan for COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods: It was a web-based questionnaire study. Institutional ethical committee clearance was taken before the commencement of the study. There were a total of 17 questions, the first 6 being about the demographics, place of work, and whether the clinician was involved in the care of COVID-19 patients. Subsequent 11 questions were to assess physician's awareness and plan of the medical management of the COVID-19 patients. Results: The majority of the clinicians were aware of the various treatment modalities available for the treatment of COVID-19. Regarding the plan for use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), 55% of the total respondents intended to use the drug in combination with azithromycin, even as 62% agreed that there was no clear evidence yet. About 90% of all clinicians, from junior residents to consultants, were monitoring electrocardiogram (ECG) during HCQ therapy; however, there were 10% of physicians who were not practicing ECG monitoring. About 68% of clinicians were aware of the various therapeutic options being tested, like convalescent plasma, lopinavir-ritonavir, and 64% knew about remdesivir. There was divergence regarding the use of steroids in a cytokine storm among the physicians, with only 39% of consultants planning to use steroids whereas about 50% of junior residents and 79% of junior consultants were planning to use the drug. Conclusion: The majority of the clinicians involved in the management of COVID-19 were aware of the various drug modalities available for treatment. However, more emphasis on the adverse effects and possible drug interactions is required. There is disaccord regarding the use of steroids in cytokine storm in COVID-19 and further guidelines and educational programs should address these issues. Clinical significance: Clinicians have to be made more aware of the possible adverse effects and drug interactions of the medications used for the treatment of COVID-19. The treatment of the serious, cytokine storm syndrome and the role of steroids must be elucidated as soon as it is feasible. How to cite this article: Maddani SS, Chaudhuri S, Deepa HC, Amara V. A Multicenter Questionnaire-based Study to Know the Awareness and Medical Treatment Plan of Physicians Involved in the Management of COVID-19 Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(10):919-925.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-22
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2121263-6
ISSN	1998-359X ; 0972-5229
ISSN (online)	1998-359X
ISSN	0972-5229
DOI	10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23567
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Article: Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with COVID-19 as a Simple Tool to Predict Requirement of Admission to a Critical Care Unit.

Maddani, Sagar S / Gupta, Nitin / Umakanth, Shashikiran / Joylin, Sowmya / Saravu, Kavitha

Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine

2021 Volume 25, Issue 5, Page(s) 535–539

Abstract: ... this article: Maddani SS, Gupta N, Umakanth S, Joylin S, Saravu K. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients ...

Abstract	Introduction: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has overloaded the healthcare system beyond its functional capacity. Late referral to higher levels of care may be one of the factors associated with higher mortality. Therefore, we aimed to find simple demographic and laboratory parameters which predict the requirement of admission to a critical care unit. Materials and methods: A case-control study was undertaken in adult age population >18 years, admitted in a dedicated COVID hospital in South India. A total of 50 patients with severe disease (cases) were compared with 143 mild or asymptomatic cases (controls). Those demographic and laboratory parameters that were found to be significant on univariate analysis were used for multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Univariate analysis of demographic and laboratory data showed higher age, male sex, presence of diabetes mellitus, higher values of C-reactive protein, ferritin, D-dimer, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lactate dehydrogenase to be significantly associated with cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of these significant variables showed NLR and ferritin to be the independent predictors of the requirement of admission to a critical care unit. The receiver-operating characteristic curve showed an NLR value of 5.2 and a ferritin value of 462 μg/L that were able to predict the requirement of admission in critical care units. Conclusion: High ferritin and NLR were independent predictors of the requirement of admission in critical care units. NLR is a simple tool that can be used in resource-limited settings for triage and early referral to higher levels of care. How to cite this article: Maddani SS, Gupta N, Umakanth S, Joylin S, Saravu K. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with COVID-19 as a Simple Tool to Predict Requirement of Admission to a Critical Care Unit. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(5):535-539.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-28
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2121263-6
ISSN	1998-359X ; 0972-5229
ISSN (online)	1998-359X
ISSN	0972-5229
DOI	10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23801
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Article: Utility of the One-time HACOR Score as a Predictor of Weaning Failure from Mechanical Ventilation: A Prospective Observational Study.

Chaudhuri, Souvik / Gupta, Nitin / Adhikari, Shreya Das / Todur, Pratibha / Maddani, Sagar Shanmukhappa / Rao, Shwethapriya

Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine

2021 Volume 26, Issue 8, Page(s) 900–905

Abstract: ... Chaudhuri S, Gupta N, Adhikari SD, Todur P, Maddani SS, Rao S. Utility of the One-time HACOR Score ...

Abstract	Aim: To determine the utility of the HACOR score in predicting weaning failure in resource-limited settings. Objectives: The primary objective was to determine a cut-off value of the HACOR score, sensitivity, and specificity to predict failed weaning. The secondary objective was to determine which out of five components of the score was significantly different between the successful weaning and the failed weaning groups. Introduction: Most weaning indices are either inaccurate or are dependent on complex ventilatory parameters, which are difficult to measure in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to determine the utility of the HACOR score consisting of heart rate, acidosis, consciousness level, oxygenation, and respiratory rate as a predictor of weaning in the intensive care unit. Materials and methods: It was a prospective observational study on 120 patients between 18 and 90 years. The HACOR score was evaluated at 30 minutes of spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). The total duration of SBT was 120 minutes. Results: Out of 120 patients, 83 (69.2%) had successful weaning, whereas 37 (30.8%) had weaning failure. The median and interquartile range (IQR) of the HACOR score in the successful weaning group was 2 (0-3) and 6 (5-8) in the failed weaning group ( Conclusion: A HACOR score ≥5 is an excellent predictor of weaning failure. This score may be useful as a weaning strategy in the intensive care unit. How to cite this article: Chaudhuri S, Gupta N, Adhikari SD, Todur P, Maddani SS, Rao S. Utility of the One-time HACOR Score as a Predictor of Weaning Failure from Mechanical Ventilation: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(8):900-905. Ethical approval: Prior to the commencement of the study, Institutional Ethics Committee permission was obtained (IEC: 197/2021) and Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) registration was done before recruitment (CTRI/2021/07/035139). We obtained written informed consent from the legally authorized representative prior to recruiting patients for the study.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-30
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2121263-6
ISSN	1998-359X ; 0972-5229
ISSN (online)	1998-359X
ISSN	0972-5229
DOI	10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24280
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