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  1. Article ; Online: Anti-Vaxxers, Anti-Anti-Vaxxers, Fairness, and Anger.

    Bernstein, Justin

    Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 17–52

    MeSH term(s) Anger ; Child ; Humans ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage ; Morals ; Parents/psychology ; Social Justice ; Vaccination Refusal/ethics
    Chemical Substances Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1083645-7
    ISSN 1086-3249 ; 1054-6863
    ISSN (online) 1086-3249
    ISSN 1054-6863
    DOI 10.1353/ken.2021.0003
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    Zs.A 3732: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Ethical Tradeoffs in Public Health Emergency Crisis Communication.

    Bernstein, Justin / Barnhill, Anne / Faden, Ruth R

    The American journal of bioethics : AJOB

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 83–85

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Public Health ; Emergencies ; Communication
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2060433-6
    ISSN 1536-0075 ; 1526-5161
    ISSN (online) 1536-0075
    ISSN 1526-5161
    DOI 10.1080/15265161.2024.2308166
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  3. Article ; Online: Does identity-relative paternalism prohibit (future) self-sacrifice? A reply to Wilkinson.

    Garstman, Charlotte / de Jong, Sterre / Bernstein, Justin

    Journal of medical ethics

    2023  Volume 49, Issue 6, Page(s) 406–408

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Paternalism ; Personal Autonomy ; Freedom ; Personhood ; Philosophy ; Ethics, Medical ; Ethics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 194927-5
    ISSN 1473-4257 ; 0306-6800
    ISSN (online) 1473-4257
    ISSN 0306-6800
    DOI 10.1136/jme-2023-109028
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    Zs.A 1163: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article: Reciprocity and the ethics of giving during pandemics.

    Randall, Pierce / Bernstein, Justin

    Journal of social philosophy

    2021  Volume 52, Issue 4, Page(s) 516–535

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2030979-X
    ISSN 1467-9833 ; 0047-2786
    ISSN (online) 1467-9833
    ISSN 0047-2786
    DOI 10.1111/josp.12408
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  5. Article ; Online: Comment on: "Scrotal approach for tunica expansion procedure (TEP) for penile girth and length restoration in patients with penile angulation due to Peyronie's disease and erectile dysfunction: technique and outcomes".

    Bernstein, Ari P / Loloi, Justin / Hillelsohn, Joel

    International journal of impotence research

    2023  Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 164–165

    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Penile Implantation/methods ; Erectile Dysfunction/etiology ; Erectile Dysfunction/surgery ; Penile Induration/complications ; Penile Induration/surgery ; Penis/surgery ; Penile Erection
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1034295-3
    ISSN 1476-5489 ; 0955-9930
    ISSN (online) 1476-5489
    ISSN 0955-9930
    DOI 10.1038/s41443-023-00665-w
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    Zs.A 2910: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Accelerated/rush allergen immunotherapy.

    Greiwe, Justin / Bernstein, Jonathan A

    Allergy and asthma proceedings

    2022  Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 344–349

    Abstract: Accelerated allergy shot schedules for inhalant and venom allergens provide individuals with allergy symptom relief but in a shorter time frame than conventional therapy. Accelerated immunotherapy (IT) protocols allow patients to reach therapeutic doses ... ...

    Abstract Accelerated allergy shot schedules for inhalant and venom allergens provide individuals with allergy symptom relief but in a shorter time frame than conventional therapy. Accelerated immunotherapy (IT) protocols allow patients to reach therapeutic doses in a shorter time frame while improving adherence and reducing direct costs (e.g., fewer office visits and medications) and indirect costs (e.g., less travel time, missed work or school). Rush IT and cluster IT are believed to work through mechanisms similar to conventional subcutaneous IT (SCIT). The risk for severe systemic reactions during accelerated IT is low when appropriately administered; however, life-threatening and fatal reactions do occur. To reduce the incidence of systemic allergic reactions during cluster and rush IT protocols, premedication is recommended. It is important to exclude individuals at high risk such as those with poorly controlled asthma or those who are on β-blockers to mitigate the risk for developing systemic allergic reactions. However, accelerated SCIT regimens offer increased convenience, faster improvement in allergy symptoms, and the potential to reduce health-care costs while providing equivalent safety outcomes compared with conventional IT protocols.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Inhalation ; Allergens/adverse effects ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Desensitization, Immunologic/methods ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/etiology ; Immunotherapy ; Injections, Subcutaneous
    Chemical Substances Allergens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1312445-6
    ISSN 1539-6304 ; 1088-5412
    ISSN (online) 1539-6304
    ISSN 1088-5412
    DOI 10.2500/aap.2022.43.210108
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    Zs.A 1804: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Maximizing Molecular Data From Low-Quality Fluid-Preserved Specimens in Natural History Collections

    Justin M. Bernstein / Sara Ruane

    Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: Over the past decade, museum genomics studies have focused on obtaining DNA of sufficient quality and quantity for sequencing from fluid-preserved natural history specimens, primarily to be used in systematic studies. While these studies have opened ... ...

    Abstract Over the past decade, museum genomics studies have focused on obtaining DNA of sufficient quality and quantity for sequencing from fluid-preserved natural history specimens, primarily to be used in systematic studies. While these studies have opened windows to evolutionary and biodiversity knowledge of many species worldwide, published works often focus on the success of these DNA sequencing efforts, which is undoubtedly less common than obtaining minimal or sometimes no DNA or unusable sequence data from specimens in natural history collections. Here, we attempt to obtain and sequence DNA extracts from 115 fresh and 41 degraded samples of homalopsid snakes, as well as from two degraded samples of a poorly known snake, Hydrablabes periops. Hydrablabes has been suggested to belong to at least two different families (Natricidae and Homalopsidae) and with no fresh tissues known to be available, intractable museum specimens currently provide the only opportunity to determine this snake’s taxonomic affinity. Although our aim was to generate a target-capture dataset for these samples, to be included in a broader phylogenetic study, results were less than ideal due to large amounts of missing data, especially using the same downstream methods as with standard, high-quality samples. However, rather than discount results entirely, we used mapping methods with references and pseudoreferences, along with phylogenetic analyses, to maximize any usable molecular data from our sequencing efforts, identify the taxonomic affinity of H. periops, and compare sequencing success between fresh and degraded tissue samples. This resulted in largely complete mitochondrial genomes for five specimens and hundreds to thousands of nuclear loci (ultra-conserved loci, anchored-hybrid enrichment loci, and a variety of loci frequently used in squamate phylogenetic studies) from fluid-preserved snakes, including a specimen of H. periops from the Field Museum of Natural History collection. We combined our H. periops data with previously published ...
    Keywords formalin ; Hydrablabes ; museum genomics ; Natricidae ; natural history collections ; phylogenomics ; Evolution ; QH359-425 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: The ethics of COVID-19 vaccine mandates for healthcare workers: Public health and clinical perspectives.

    Gur-Arie, Rachel / Hutler, Brian / Bernstein, Justin

    Bioethics

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 4, Page(s) 331–342

    Abstract: COVID-19 vaccine uptake among healthcare workers (HCWs) remains of significant public health concern due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, many healthcare institutions are considering or have implemented COVID-19 vaccine mandates for HCWs. ... ...

    Abstract COVID-19 vaccine uptake among healthcare workers (HCWs) remains of significant public health concern due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, many healthcare institutions are considering or have implemented COVID-19 vaccine mandates for HCWs. We assess defenses of COVID-19 vaccine mandates for HCWs from both public health and professional ethics perspectives. We consider public health values, professional obligations of HCWs, and the institutional failures in healthcare throughout the COVID-19 pandemic which have impacted the lived experiences of HCWs. We argue that, despite the compelling urgency of maximizing COVID-19 vaccine uptake among HCWs, the ethical case for COVID-19 vaccine mandates for HCWs in the United States is complex, and, under current circumstances, inconclusive. Nevertheless, we recognize that COVID-19 vaccine mandates for HCWs have already been and will continue to be implemented across many healthcare institutions. Given such context, we provide suggestions for implementing COVID-19 vaccine mandates for HCWs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Public Health ; Health Personnel
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 632984-6
    ISSN 1467-8519 ; 0269-9702
    ISSN (online) 1467-8519
    ISSN 0269-9702
    DOI 10.1111/bioe.13141
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    Zs.B 2998: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: The case against libertarian arguments for compulsory vaccination.

    Bernstein, Justin

    Journal of medical ethics

    2017  Volume 43, Issue 11, Page(s) 792–796

    Abstract: In a recent paper in this journal, Jason Brennan correctly notes that libertarians struggle to justify a policy of compulsory vaccination. The most straightforward argument that justifies compulsory vaccination is that such a policy promotes welfare. But ...

    Abstract In a recent paper in this journal, Jason Brennan correctly notes that libertarians struggle to justify a policy of compulsory vaccination. The most straightforward argument that justifies compulsory vaccination is that such a policy promotes welfare. But libertarians cannot make this argument because they claim that the state is justified only in protecting negative rights, not in promoting welfare. I consider two representative libertarian attempts to justify compulsory vaccination, and I argue that such arguments are unsuccessful. They either fail to show that the state is justified in implementing the policy or overgeneralise. I suggest that Brennan's solution is especially well motivated insofar as it addresses the shortcomings of these arguments. Brennan argues that we violate the rights of others by participating in an activity that imposes an unacceptable collective risk of harm. Going unvaccinated is an activity that imposes an unacceptable collective risk of harm, and thus amounts to a rights violation. So, the state can implement a policy of compulsory vaccination I object, however, that Brennan's delineation of acceptable and unacceptable risk implicitly rests on classical liberal rather than libertarian principles; he justifies compulsory vaccination on the grounds that it promotes welfare. I also object that Brennan's argument would entail significant departures from libertarian institutional arrangements. This leaves libertarians with a choice: they can develop new arguments to demonstrate that their position is compatible with compulsory vaccination, or they can accept that their view entails the impermissibility of compulsory vaccination, and argue that this is not an unpalatable implication of their view.
    MeSH term(s) Dissent and Disputes ; Freedom ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Mandatory Programs ; Personal Autonomy ; Vaccination
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194927-5
    ISSN 1473-4257 ; 0306-6800
    ISSN (online) 1473-4257
    ISSN 0306-6800
    DOI 10.1136/medethics-2016-103857
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  10. Article ; Online: Does a lack of emotions make chatbots unfit to be psychotherapists?

    Rahsepar Meadi, Mehrdad / Bernstein, Justin S / Batelaan, Neeltje / van Balkom, Anton J L M / Metselaar, Suzanne

    Bioethics

    2024  

    Abstract: Mental health chatbots (MHCBs) designed to support individuals in coping with mental health issues are rapidly advancing. Currently, these MHCBs are predominantly used in commercial rather than clinical contexts, but this might change soon. The question ... ...

    Abstract Mental health chatbots (MHCBs) designed to support individuals in coping with mental health issues are rapidly advancing. Currently, these MHCBs are predominantly used in commercial rather than clinical contexts, but this might change soon. The question is whether this use is ethically desirable. This paper addresses a critical yet understudied concern: assuming that MHCBs cannot have genuine emotions, how this assumption may affect psychotherapy, and consequently the quality of treatment outcomes. We argue that if MHCBs lack emotions, they cannot have genuine (affective) empathy or utilise countertransference. Consequently, this gives reason to worry that MHCBs are (a) more liable to harm and (b) less likely to benefit patients than human therapists. We discuss some responses to this worry and conclude that further empirical research is necessary to determine whether these worries are valid. We conclude that, even if these worries are valid, it does not mean that we should never use MHCBs. By discussing the broader ethical debate on the clinical use of chatbots, we point towards how further research can help us establish ethical boundaries for how we should use mental health chatbots.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632984-6
    ISSN 1467-8519 ; 0269-9702
    ISSN (online) 1467-8519
    ISSN 0269-9702
    DOI 10.1111/bioe.13299
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