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  1. Article: Aromatase inhibition by R 83 842, the dextro isomer of R 76 713, in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma grown in ovariectomized nude mice.

    Krekels, M D / Wouters, W / Van Ginckel, R / Janssens, B / Callens, M / De Coster, R

    The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology

    1992  Volume 41, Issue 3-8, Page(s) 761–764

    Abstract: The effects of repeated (5 days) dosing with the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor R 83 842 ... the dextro isomer of R 76 713) on tumor aromatase and uterus weight in ovariectomized nude mice bearing JEG-3 ... Oral administration of R 76 713 (10 mg/kg) for 5 days reduced the increase in uterus weight by 84% in tumor bearing ...

    Abstract The effects of repeated (5 days) dosing with the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor R 83 842 (the dextro isomer of R 76 713) on tumor aromatase and uterus weight in ovariectomized nude mice bearing JEG-3 tumors were examined. In animals bearing an androstenedione implant the presence of a JEG-3 tumor significantly increased uterus weight, proving that tumor aromatase indeed converted androgens to estrogens. Oral administration of R 76 713 (10 mg/kg) for 5 days reduced the increase in uterus weight by 84% in tumor bearing mice revealing true in vivo aromatase inhibition by R 76 713. Experiments performed in the absence of exogenously added androgens gave similar results. Uterus weights in tumor bearing mice were significantly higher than in control mice. Oral administration of R 83 842 (5 mg/kg) for 5 days reduced uterus weight in the tumor bearing animals. Ex vivo aromatase measurements performed in JEG-3 tumors from these animals showed an aromatase inhibition of 93.9% in treated mice as compared to untreated mice. Five days oral treatment with R 83 842 dose-dependently lowered both aromatase activity and uterus weight. Doses of 5 and 0.5 mg/kg inhibited tumor aromatase by 94.1 and 74.7%, respectively, and reduced uterus weight. After a dose of 0.05 mg/kg aromatase activity and uterus weight were similar to those in the control group.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Aromatase Inhibitors ; Cell Line ; Choriocarcinoma/enzymology ; Female ; Humans ; Isomerism ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Pregnancy ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Triazoles/pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Uterine Neoplasms/enzymology
    Chemical Substances Aromatase Inhibitors ; Triazoles ; vorozole (1E2S9YXV2A)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1992-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1049188-0
    ISSN 1879-1220 ; 0960-0760
    ISSN (online) 1879-1220
    ISSN 0960-0760
    DOI 10.1016/0960-0760(92)90419-j
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 708: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Screening for multidrug-resistant organisms in high-risk hospitalized patients with hematologic diseases.

    Delanote, Valentine / Callens, Rutger / Vogelaers, Dirk / Deeren, Dries

    European journal of haematology

    2023  Volume 112, Issue 4, Page(s) 627–632

    Abstract: Objectives: Patients treated for hematologic malignancies are at higher risk for blood stream infections (BSI) and multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are increasingly involved. Studies showed a significant association between rectal colonization ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Patients treated for hematologic malignancies are at higher risk for blood stream infections (BSI) and multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are increasingly involved. Studies showed a significant association between rectal colonization status and a higher risk of subsequent MDRO BSI. The objective of our study was to probe the practice of surveillance cultures in Belgian hematology centers.
    Methods: A questionnaire was sent to the 13 hematology centers participating in the acute leukemia board of the Belgian Hematology Society. 21 questions probed for the method of surveillance cultures, MDRO screened, antimicrobial prophylaxis, and empirical therapy and their relationship with colonization status.
    Results: All centers completed the questionnaire in full. Routine gastrointestinal surveillance cultures in hematologic patients are taken in 10 hospitals. Organisms tested for included mostly ESBL (n = 9) and carbapenem-resistant (n = 8) Enterobacterales. All centers with a screening strategy adapt empiric antibiotic therapy based on MDRO colonization. Prophylaxis strategies are variable, only two centers adapt prophylaxis upon documentation of fluoroquinolone resistance.
    Conclusions: The majority of the Belgian centers perform routine surveillance cultures and adapt empiric therapy for neutropenic fever accordingly. Other reasons for testing include to gain insight into local epidemiology and to prevent in-hospital transmission. In general, there was significant variability in surveillance dimensions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Carbapenems ; Hematologic Neoplasms/complications ; Hematologic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbapenems
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392482-8
    ISSN 1600-0609 ; 0902-4441
    ISSN (online) 1600-0609
    ISSN 0902-4441
    DOI 10.1111/ejh.14157
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 323: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article: Heat stress responses vary during floret development in European spring barley cultivars.

    Callens, Cindy / Fernandez-Goméz, José / Tucker, Matthew R / Zhang, Dabing / Wilson, Zoe A

    Frontiers in plant science

    2023  Volume 13, Page(s) 918730

    Abstract: The Poaceae, or grasses, include many agriculturally important cereal crops such as rice ( ...

    Abstract The Poaceae, or grasses, include many agriculturally important cereal crops such as rice (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2613694-6
    ISSN 1664-462X
    ISSN 1664-462X
    DOI 10.3389/fpls.2022.918730
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  4. Article: Apatite crystallite alignment in sound human tooth enamel studied by E.S.R.

    Martens, L C / Verbeeck, R M / Callens, F J / Matthys, P F / Boesman, E R / Dermaut, L R

    Journal de biologie buccale

    1985  Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) 347–353

    Abstract: The degree of microcrystal alignment in enamel of clinically sound upper and lower central incisors, canines and premolars was determined by means of electron paramagnetic resonance. The results show that the degree of alignment depends on the individual ...

    Abstract The degree of microcrystal alignment in enamel of clinically sound upper and lower central incisors, canines and premolars was determined by means of electron paramagnetic resonance. The results show that the degree of alignment depends on the individual properties of the enamel as determined by biological variations, tooth morphology and tooth position. Upper incisors and canines have a much higher degree of crystallite alignment as compared to all other teeth investigated. These results indicate that the caries susceptibility of tooth enamel is not defined only by the degree of microcrystal alignment.
    MeSH term(s) Apatites/analysis ; Bicuspid/analysis ; Crystallization ; Cuspid/analysis ; Dental Enamel/analysis ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Humans ; Incisor/analysis ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Reference Values
    Chemical Substances Apatites
    Language English
    Publishing date 1985-12
    Publishing country France
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 189155-8
    ISSN 0301-3952
    ISSN 0301-3952
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  5. Article ; Online: Digital PCR: a tool in clostridial mutant selection and detection.

    Dierick, Evelien / Callens, Chana / De Spiegelaere, Ward / Ducatelle, Richard / Van Immerseel, Filip / Goossens, Evy

    Applied microbiology and biotechnology

    2023  Volume 107, Issue 22, Page(s) 6973–6983

    Abstract: The ClosTron mutagenesis system has enabled researchers to efficiently edit the clostridial genome. Since site-specific insertion of the mobile ClosTron insert may cause errors, validation is key. In this paper we describe the use of digital PCR (dPCR) ... ...

    Abstract The ClosTron mutagenesis system has enabled researchers to efficiently edit the clostridial genome. Since site-specific insertion of the mobile ClosTron insert may cause errors, validation is key. In this paper we describe the use of digital PCR (dPCR) as an alternative tool in selecting clostridial mutant strains. Clostridium perfringens chitinase mutant strains were constructed in which the mobile ClosTron intron was inserted into one of the chitinase genes. On-target insertion of the mobile intron was validated through conventional PCR. In order to confirm the absence of off-target insertions, dPCR was used to determine the amount of the ClosTron intron as well as the amount of a reference gene, located in close proximity to the interrupted gene. Subsequently, mutant strains containing an equivalent amount of both genes were selected as these do not contain additional off-target mobile ClosTron inserts. The outcome of this selection procedure was confirmed through a validated PCR-based approach. In addition to its application in mutant selection, dPCR can be used in other aspects of clostridial research, such as the distinction and easy quantification of different types of strains (wildtype vs. mutant) in complex matrices, such as faecal samples, a process in which other techniques are hampered by bacterial overgrowth (plating) or inhibition by matrix contaminants (qPCR). This research demonstrates that dPCR is indeed a high-throughput method in the selection of clostridial insertion mutants as well as a robust and accurate tool in distinguishing between wildtype and mutant C. perfringens strains, even in a complex matrix such as faeces. KEY POINTS: • Digital PCR as an alternative in ClosTron mutant selection • Digital PCR is an accurate tool in bacterial quantification in a complex matrix • Digital PCR is an alternative tool with great potential to microbiological research.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-14
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392453-1
    ISSN 1432-0614 ; 0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
    ISSN (online) 1432-0614
    ISSN 0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
    DOI 10.1007/s00253-023-12779-8
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    Zs.A 2229: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Severe udder cleft dermatitis lesion transcriptomics points to an impaired skin barrier, defective wound repair and a dysregulated inflammatory response as key elements in the pathogenesis.

    Vermeersch, A S / Ali, M / Gansemans, Y / Van Nieuwerburgh, F / Geldhof, P / Ducatelle, R / Deforce, D / Callens, J / Opsomer, G

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) e0288347

    Abstract: This study is the first to investigate the transcriptomic changes occurring in severe udder cleft dermatitis lesions (UCD) in Holstein-Friesian cows. An examination of the gene expression levels in natural UCD lesions and healthy udder skin through RNA ... ...

    Abstract This study is the first to investigate the transcriptomic changes occurring in severe udder cleft dermatitis lesions (UCD) in Holstein-Friesian cows. An examination of the gene expression levels in natural UCD lesions and healthy udder skin through RNA Seq-Technology provided a deeper insight into the inflammatory pathways associated with this disease. A clear distinction between the gene expression patterns of UCD lesions and healthy skin was shown in the principal component analysis. Genes coding for inflammatory molecules were upregulated such as the chemokines C-X-C motif ligand 2 (CXCL2), 5 (CXCL5) and 8 (CXCL8), and C-C motif ligand 11 (CCL11). Moreover, the genes coding for the multifunctional molecules ADAM12 and SLPI were amongst the highest upregulated ones, whereas the most downregulated genes included the ones coding for keratins and keratin-associated molecules. Predominantly inflammatory pathways such as the chemokine signaling, cytokine receptor interaction and IL-17 signaling pathway were significantly upregulated in the pathway analysis. These results point towards a fulminant, dysregulated inflammatory response concomitant with a disruption of the skin barrier integrity and a hampered wound repair mechanism in severe UCD lesions.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Female ; Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology ; Transcriptome ; Ligands ; Skin/pathology ; Dermatitis/pathology
    Chemical Substances Ligands
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0288347
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  7. Article ; Online: An in-depth investigation of the microbiota and its virulence factors associated with severe udder cleft dermatitis lesions.

    Vermeersch, A S / Ali, M / Gansemans, Y / Van Nieuwerburgh, F / Ducatelle, R / Geldhof, P / Deforce, D / Callens, J / Opsomer, G

    Journal of dairy science

    2023  Volume 107, Issue 5, Page(s) 3219–3234

    Abstract: Udder cleft dermatitis (UCD) is a skin condition affecting the anterior parts of the udder in dairy cattle. In the present study, we aimed to shed light on the microbiota in severe UCD lesions versus healthy udder skin by putting forward a taxonomic and ... ...

    Abstract Udder cleft dermatitis (UCD) is a skin condition affecting the anterior parts of the udder in dairy cattle. In the present study, we aimed to shed light on the microbiota in severe UCD lesions versus healthy udder skin by putting forward a taxonomic and functional profile based on a virulence factor analysis. Through shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we found a high proportion of bacteria in addition to a low abundance of archaea. A distinct clustering of healthy udder skin versus UCD lesion samples was shown by applying principal component analysis and (sparse) partial least squares analysis on the metagenomic data. Proteobacteria, Bacillota, and Actinomycetota were among the most abundant phyla in healthy udder skin samples. In UCD samples, Bacteroidota was the most abundant phylum. At genus level, Bifidobacterium spp. had the highest relative abundance in healthy skin samples, whereas Porphyromonas spp. and Corynebacterium spp. had the highest relative abundance in UCD samples. In the differential abundance analysis, Porphyromonas spp. and Bacteroides spp. were significantly differentially abundant in UCD samples, whereas Bifidobacterium spp., Staphylococcus sp. AntiMn-1, and Staphylococcus equorum were more commonly found in healthy samples. Moreover, the abundance of several treponeme phylotypes was significantly higher in lesion samples. The streptococcal cysteine protease speB was among the most abundant virulence factors present in severe UCD lesions, while a plethora of virulence factors such as the antitoxin relB were downregulated, possibly contributing to creating the ideal wound climate for the dysbiotic community. Network analysis showed healthy lesion samples had a large network ofpositive, correlations between the abundances of beneficial species such as Aerococcus urinaeequi and Bifidobacterium angulatum, indicating that the healthy skin microbiome forms an active protective bacterial network, which is disrupted in case of UCD. In UCD samples, a smaller microbial network mainly consisting of positive correlations between the abundances of Bacteroides fragilis and anaerobic Bacteroidota was exposed. Moreover, a high correlation between the taxonomic data and virulence factors was revealed, concurrently with 2 separate networks of microbes and virulence factors. One network, matching with the taxonomic findings in the healthy udder skin samples, showcased a community of harmless or beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, associated with hcnB, hcnC, relB, glyoxalase, and cupin 2. The other network, corresponding to UCD samples, consisted of pathogenic or facultative pathogenic and mainly anaerobic bacteria such as Treponema spp., Mycoplasmopsis spp., and bovine gammaherpesvirus 4, that correlated with virulence factors SpvB, fhaB, and haemagglutination activity domain-associated factor. Our results point toward a dysbiotic community with a notable decrease in diversity and evenness, with a loss of normal skin inhabitants and innocuous or useful species making way for predominantly anaerobic, facultative pathogens. The shift in the abundance of virulence factors such as fhaB and SpvB could play a role in the manifestation of a local micro-environment favorable to the microbiome associated with udder skin lesions. Lastly, the presence of specific networks between microbial species, and between microbes and virulence factors was shown.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Mammary Glands, Animal/microbiology ; Virulence Factors ; Skin Diseases/veterinary ; Microbiota ; Treponema ; Bacteria ; Bacteroidetes ; Dermatitis/veterinary
    Chemical Substances Virulence Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 242499-x
    ISSN 1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
    ISSN (online) 1525-3198
    ISSN 0022-0302
    DOI 10.3168/jds.2023-24180
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    Zs.B 810: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article: A case of Clindamycin-induced aphagia.

    Callens, R / Van Eygen, S / D'Heygere, F

    Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica

    2019  Volume 81, Issue 4, Page(s) 540–541

    MeSH term(s) Aged, 80 and over ; Clindamycin/administration & dosage ; Clindamycin/adverse effects ; Deglutition Disorders/chemically induced ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Male
    Chemical Substances Clindamycin (3U02EL437C)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-14
    Publishing country Belgium
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 127060-6
    ISSN 1784-3227 ; 0001-5644
    ISSN 1784-3227 ; 0001-5644
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  9. Article ; Online: Maternal and Early-Life Exposure to Antibiotics and the Risk of Autism and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood: a Swedish Population-Based Cohort Study.

    Njotto, Lembris L / Simin, Johanna / Fornes, Romina / Odsbu, Ingvild / Mussche, Isabelle / Callens, Steven / Engstrand, Lars / Bruyndonckx, Robin / Brusselaers, Nele

    Drug safety

    2023  Volume 46, Issue 5, Page(s) 467–478

    Abstract: Introduction: Antibiotics represent the most common type of medication used during pregnancy and infancy. Antibiotics have been proposed as a possible factor in changes in microbiota composition, which may play a role in the aetiology of autism and ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Antibiotics represent the most common type of medication used during pregnancy and infancy. Antibiotics have been proposed as a possible factor in changes in microbiota composition, which may play a role in the aetiology of autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Our aim was to investigate the association between maternal and early-life antibiotic use and autism and ADHD in childhood.
    Methods: This Swedish nation-wide population-based cohort study included all first live singleton births (N = 483,459) between January 2006 and December 2016. The association of dispensed antibiotics with autism and ADHD in children aged ≤ 11 years was estimated by applying multivariable logistic regression and generalised estimating equations models.
    Results: Of the mothers, 25.9% (n = 125,106) were dispensed ≥1 antibiotic during the exposure period (from 3 months pre-conception to delivery), and 41.6% (n = 201,040) of the children received ≥ 1 antibiotic in early life (aged ≤ 2 years). Penicillin was the most prescribed antibiotic class (17.9% of mothers, 38.2% of children). Maternal antibiotic use was associated with an increased risk of autism [odds ratio (OR) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.23] and ADHD (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.21-1.36) in childhood. Early-life exposure to antibiotics showed an even stronger association [autism (OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.38-1.55); ADHD (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.80-2.00)]. Both maternal and childhood-exposure sub-analyses suggested a dose-response relationship.
    Conclusion: Maternal and early-life antibiotic use was associated with an increased risk of autism and ADHD in childhood. However, differences were noted by exposure period and antibiotic classes.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/chemically induced ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Autistic Disorder/chemically induced ; Autistic Disorder/epidemiology ; Autistic Disorder/complications ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; Sweden/epidemiology ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/epidemiology ; Maternal Exposure/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-23
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1018059-x
    ISSN 1179-1942 ; 0114-5916
    ISSN (online) 1179-1942
    ISSN 0114-5916
    DOI 10.1007/s40264-023-01297-1
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  10. Article ; Online: Immunologic Monitoring after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: T-SPOT.CMV and QuantiFERON-CMV, Are They the Same?

    Callens, Rutger / Colman, Sofie / Delie, Anke / Schauwvlieghe, Alexander / Lodewyck, Tom / Selleslag, Dominik / Reynders, Marijke / Kerre, Tessa / Padalko, Elizaveta

    Transplantation and cellular therapy

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 392.e1–392.e7

    Abstract: Despite prophylactic and preemptive strategies, cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and disease remains major concerns after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In recent years, immunologic monitoring using CMV commercially ... ...

    Abstract Despite prophylactic and preemptive strategies, cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and disease remains major concerns after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In recent years, immunologic monitoring using CMV commercially available IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs) has gained interest to better risk-stratify immunocompromised patients or to guide prophylactic therapy. CMV-IGRA can quantify CMV cell-mediated immunity by measuring the IFN-γ that is released by CD4
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cytomegalovirus/physiology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; Monitoring, Immunologic ; Prospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3062231-1
    ISSN 2666-6367
    ISSN (online) 2666-6367
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.03.018
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