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Article: COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in preventing deaths among high-risk sgroups in Tamil Nadu, India.

Jaiswal, Anoop / Subbaraj, V / Vivian Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley / Murhekar, Manoj V / Muliyil, Jayaprakash

2021 Volume 153, Issue 5&6, Page(s) 689–691

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Rural Population ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-02
Publishing country	India
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390883-5
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
DOI	10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1671_21
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Article ; Online: Interplay of missed opportunity for vaccination and poor response to the vaccine led to measles outbreak in a slum area of Eastern Mumbai, India.

Yadav, Reetika Malik / Gomare, Mangala / Gaikwad, Arun / Waghmare, Upalimitra / Betodkar, Utkarsh / Vashi, Meeta Dhaval / Kamal, Vineet Kumar / Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian / Bangar, Sampada / Bhatnagar, Tarun / Murhekar, Manoj

Epidemiology and infection

2024 Volume 152, Page(s) e56

Abstract: In the third week of September 2022, an outbreak of measles was reported from a slum in Eastern Mumbai, India. We sought to investigate whether failure to vaccinate or vaccine failure was the cause. We constructed an epidemic curve, drew a spot map, and ... ...

Abstract	In the third week of September 2022, an outbreak of measles was reported from a slum in Eastern Mumbai, India. We sought to investigate whether failure to vaccinate or vaccine failure was the cause. We constructed an epidemic curve, drew a spot map, and calculated the attack rate and case-fatality ratio. We calculated vaccine effectiveness (VE) for one and two doses of measles vaccine in an unmatched case-control study and did stratified analysis by sex, availability of vaccination card, and migrant status. We identified 358 cases and four deaths with a 11.3% attack rate and 1.1% case fatality, both being highest among 0-24-month-old boys. The epidemic curve suggested a propagated mode of spread. The VE for two doses was 64% (95% confidence interval (CI): 23-73%) among under-5-year-old children and 70% (95% CI: 28-88%) among 5-15-year-old children. Failure to vaccinate, consequent to the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccine hesitancy might have led to the accumulation of susceptible children in the community. Additionally, the occurrence of case-patients among vaccinated suggests reduced VE, which needs further investigation into humoral and cell-mediated immunity as well as contributory factors including nutritional status. Outbreak response immunization to complete immunization of missed and dropout children was carried out to control the outbreak.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Infant, Newborn ; Case-Control Studies ; Poverty Areas ; Pandemics ; Measles/epidemiology ; Measles/prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Vaccination ; India/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Measles Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632982-2
ISSN	1469-4409 ; 0950-2688
ISSN (online)	1469-4409
ISSN	0950-2688
DOI	10.1017/S0950268824000426
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in preventing deaths among high-risk sgroups in Tamil Nadu, India

Anoop Jaiswal / V Subbaraj / Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj / Manoj V Murhekar / Jayaprakash Muliyil

Indian Journal of Medical Research, Vol 153, Iss 5, Pp 689-

2021 Volume 691

Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae among Children with Acute Febrile Illness, in Gorakhpur, India.

Khan, Siraj A / Bora, Trishna / Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian / Murhekar, Manoj V

Journal of tropical pediatrics

2020 Volume 67, Issue 3

Abstract: Seasonal outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome have been occurring in Gorakhpur division in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh during monsoon and post-monsoon months. Orientia tsutsugamushi was identified as the major aetiology of these outbreaks. ... ...

Abstract	Seasonal outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome have been occurring in Gorakhpur division in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh during monsoon and post-monsoon months. Orientia tsutsugamushi was identified as the major aetiology of these outbreaks. Orientia tsutsugamushi was also identified as one of the important aetiology of febrile illness among children attending peripheral health facilities. The present study was undertaken to detect antibodies against spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) and typhus group rickettsiae (TGR) among children with acute febrile illness presenting at peripheral health facilities in Gorakhpur district. Of the 224 blood samples tested, SFGR infection was detected in 13 (6%) patients. None of the samples tested positive for TGR.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Febrile Encephalopathy ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; Child ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Orientia tsutsugamushi ; Rickettsia ; Scrub Typhus/complications ; Scrub Typhus/diagnosis ; Scrub Typhus/epidemiology ; Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiosis/diagnosis ; Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiosis/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	800065-7
ISSN	1465-3664 ; 0449-3281 ; 0142-6338
ISSN (online)	1465-3664
ISSN	0449-3281 ; 0142-6338
DOI	10.1093/tropej/fmaa031
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Article ; Online: Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection Status Among the Current RT-PCR-Positive Individuals Affected During the Second Wave of COVID-19 Infections in Chennai, India.

Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian / Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh / Kumar, C P Girish / Yadav, Pragya / Rani, D Sudha / Karunakaran, T / Murhekar, Manoj

Frontiers in public health

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 836454

Abstract: India witnessed a very strong second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during March and June 2021. Newly emerging variants of concern can escape immunity and cause reinfection. We tested newly diagnosed COVID-19 cases during the second wave in ... ...

Abstract	India witnessed a very strong second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during March and June 2021. Newly emerging variants of concern can escape immunity and cause reinfection. We tested newly diagnosed COVID-19 cases during the second wave in Chennai, India for the presence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to estimate the extent of re-infection. Of the 902 unvaccinated COVID-19 positive individuals, 53 (26.5%) were reactive for IgG antibodies and non-reactive for Immunogobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Among the 53 IgG-positive individuals, the interval between symptom onset (or last contact with the known case in case of asymptomatic) was <5 days in 29 individuals, ≥5 days in 11 individuals, while 13 asymptomatic individuals did not know their last contact with a positive case. The possible re-infections ranged between 3.2% (95% CI: 2.2-4.5%) and 4.3% (95% CI: 3.4-6.2%). The findings indicate that re-infection was not a major reason of the surge in cases during second wave. The IgG seropositivity among recently diagnosed unvaccinated COVID-19 patients could provide early indications about the extent of re-infections in the area.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; India/epidemiology ; Reinfection/epidemiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Immunoglobulin G
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2022.836454
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Article ; Online: Sequelae Following Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Caused by Orientia Tsutsugamushi.

Prakash Gangwar, Surya / Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian / Zaman, Kamran / Vairamani, Vignesh / Mittal, Mahima / Murhekar, Manoj

The Pediatric infectious disease journal

2020 Volume 39, Issue 5, Page(s) e52–e54

Abstract: We evaluated 146 patients with acute encephalitis syndrome caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, after median interval of 5 months of hospitalization, to estimate the proportion and spectrum of disability. Fifty-six (38.4%) had mild, whereas 19 (13%) had ... ...

Abstract	We evaluated 146 patients with acute encephalitis syndrome caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, after median interval of 5 months of hospitalization, to estimate the proportion and spectrum of disability. Fifty-six (38.4%) had mild, whereas 19 (13%) had moderate to severe degree of disability. Most patients had impairment in the domain of cognition and behavior.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Febrile Encephalopathy/microbiology ; Acute Febrile Encephalopathy/mortality ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; India ; Orientia tsutsugamushi/pathogenicity ; Scrub Typhus/complications ; Scrub Typhus/microbiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	392481-6
ISSN	1532-0987 ; 0891-3668
ISSN (online)	1532-0987
ISSN	0891-3668
DOI	10.1097/INF.0000000000002595
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Article: Syndromic surveillance system during mass gathering of Panchkroshi Yatra festival, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Diwan, Vishal / Sharma, Upasana / Ganeshkumar, Parasuraman / Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian / Muthappan, Sendhilkumar / Venkatasamy, Vettrichelvan / Parashar, Vivek / Soni, Priyank / Garg, Ankit / Pawar, Naveen Singh / Pathak, Ashish / Purohit, Manju R / Madhanraj, Kalyanasundaram / Hulth, Anette / Ponnaiah, Manickam

New microbes and new infections

2023 Volume 52, Page(s) 101097

Abstract: Background: The health implications surrounding a mass gathering pose significant challenges to public health officials. The use of syndromic surveillance provides an ideal method for achieving the public health goals and objectives at such events. In ... ...

Abstract	Background: The health implications surrounding a mass gathering pose significant challenges to public health officials. The use of syndromic surveillance provides an ideal method for achieving the public health goals and objectives at such events. In the absence of published reports of systematic documentation of public health preparedness in mass gatherings in the local context, we describe the public health preparedness and demonstrate the operational feasibility of a tablet-based participatory syndromic surveillance among pilgrims during the annual ritual circumambulation- Methods: A real-time surveillance system was established from 2017-2019 to capture all the health consultations done at the designated points (medical camps) in the Results: In 2019, injuries were reported in the highest proportion (16.7%; 794/4744); most numbers of fever cases (10.6%; 598/5600) were reported in 2018, while 2017 saw the highest number of patient presentations of abdominal pain (7.73%; 498/6435). Conclusion: Public health and safety measures were satisfactory except for the need for setting up urinals along the fixed route of the circumambulation. A systematic data collection of selected symptoms among
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2750179-6
ISSN	2052-2975
ISSN	2052-2975
DOI	10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101097
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Article ; Online: Characterization of IL-10 Family of Cytokines in Acute and Convalescent COVID-19 Individuals.

Rajamanickam, Anuradha / Nathella, Pavan Kumar / Selvaraj, Nandhini / Manoj, Murhekar / Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian / Muthusamy, Santhosh Kumar / Chethrapilly Purushothaman, Girish Kumar / Bhatnagar, Tarun / Ponnaiah, Manickam / Ramasamy, Sabarinathan / Velusamy, Saravanakumar / Babu, Subash

Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research

2023 Volume 43, Issue 10, Page(s) 469–477

Abstract: Cytokines are major players in orchestrating inflammation, disease pathogenesis, and severity during COVID-19. Members of the interleukin (IL)-10 family of cytokines play important roles in regulating immune responses to various inflammatory and ... ...

Abstract	Cytokines are major players in orchestrating inflammation, disease pathogenesis, and severity during COVID-19. Members of the interleukin (IL)-10 family of cytokines play important roles in regulating immune responses to various inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, the role of the IL-10 family of cytokines in COVID-19 remains elusive. Hence, we determined the plasma levels of the IL-10 family of cytokines (IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24) in 7 groups of COVID-19 individuals, based on days since real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data show that the levels of IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24 cytokines decreased from days 15-30 to days 61-90 and plateaued thereafter. Severe COVID-19 patients exhibit increased plasma levels of IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24 compared to mild patients. Thus, our study provides evidence of alterations in the plasma levels of the IL-10 family of cytokines in convalescent COVID-19 individuals.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1226675-9
ISSN	1557-7465 ; 1079-9907
ISSN (online)	1557-7465
ISSN	1079-9907
DOI	10.1089/jir.2023.0075
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Article ; Online: Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection Status Among the Current RT-PCR-Positive Individuals Affected During the Second Wave of COVID-19 Infections in Chennai, India

Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj / Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar / C. P. Girish Kumar / Pragya Yadav / D. Sudha Rani / T. Karunakaran / Manoj Murhekar

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2022 Volume 10

Abstract	India witnessed a very strong second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during March and June 2021. Newly emerging variants of concern can escape immunity and cause reinfection. We tested newly diagnosed COVID-19 cases during the second wave in Chennai, India for the presence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to estimate the extent of re-infection. Of the 902 unvaccinated COVID-19 positive individuals, 53 (26.5%) were reactive for IgG antibodies and non-reactive for Immunogobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Among the 53 IgG-positive individuals, the interval between symptom onset (or last contact with the known case in case of asymptomatic) was <5 days in 29 individuals, ≥5 days in 11 individuals, while 13 asymptomatic individuals did not know their last contact with a positive case. The possible re-infections ranged between 3.2% (95% CI: 2.2–4.5%) and 4.3% (95% CI: 3.4–6.2%). The findings indicate that re-infection was not a major reason of the surge in cases during second wave. The IgG seropositivity among recently diagnosed unvaccinated COVID-19 patients could provide early indications about the extent of re-infections in the area.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; reinfection ; IgG antibody ; genomic sequencing ; COVID-19 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Predominance of delta variant among the COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, India, May 2021.

Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian / Yadav, Pragya / Kumar, Cp Girish / Shete, Anita / Nyayanit, Dimpal A / Rani, D Sudha / Kumar, Abhinendra / Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh / Sabarinathan, R / Saravana Kumar, V / Jagadeesan, M / Murhekar, Manoj

The Journal of infection

2021 Volume 84, Issue 1, Page(s) 94–118

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; India ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	424417-5
ISSN	1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
ISSN (online)	1532-2742
ISSN	0163-4453
DOI	10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.006
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