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  1. Article ; Online: The efficacy of Facebook's vaccine misinformation policies and architecture during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Broniatowski, David A / Simons, Joseph R / Gu, Jiayan / Jamison, Amelia M / Abroms, Lorien C

    Science advances

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 37, Page(s) eadh2132

    Abstract: Online misinformation promotes distrust in science, undermines public health, and may drive civil unrest. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, Facebook-the world's largest social media company-began to remove vaccine misinformation as a matter ... ...

    Abstract Online misinformation promotes distrust in science, undermines public health, and may drive civil unrest. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, Facebook-the world's largest social media company-began to remove vaccine misinformation as a matter of policy. We evaluated the efficacy of these policies using a comparative interrupted time-series design. We found that Facebook removed some antivaccine content, but we did not observe decreases in overall engagement with antivaccine content. Provaccine content was also removed, and antivaccine content became more misinformative, more politically polarized, and more likely to be seen in users' newsfeeds. We explain these findings as a consequence of Facebook's system architecture, which provides substantial flexibility to motivated users who wish to disseminate misinformation through multiple channels. Facebook's architecture may therefore afford antivaccine content producers several means to circumvent the intent of misinformation removal policies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Social Media ; Policy ; Vaccines
    Chemical Substances Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adh2132
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online: Facebook's Architecture Undermines Vaccine Misinformation Removal Efforts

    Broniatowski, David A. / Gu, Jiayan / Jamison, Amelia M. / Simons, Joseph R. / Abroms, Lorien C.

    2022  

    Abstract: Misinformation promotes distrust in science, undermines public health, and may drive civil unrest. Vaccine misinformation, in particular, has stalled efforts to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting social media platforms' attempts to reduce it. Some ...

    Abstract Misinformation promotes distrust in science, undermines public health, and may drive civil unrest. Vaccine misinformation, in particular, has stalled efforts to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting social media platforms' attempts to reduce it. Some have questioned whether "soft" content moderation remedies -- e.g., flagging and downranking misinformation -- were successful, suggesting that the addition of "hard" content remedies -- e.g., deplatforming and content bans -- is necessary. We therefore examined whether Facebook's vaccine misinformation content removal policies were effective. Here, we show that Facebook's policies reduced the number of anti-vaccine posts but also caused several perverse effects: pro-vaccine content was also removed, engagement with remaining anti-vaccine content repeatedly recovered to pre-policy levels, and this content became more misinformative, more politically polarised, and more likely to be seen in users' newsfeeds. We explain these results as an unintended consequence of Facebook's design goal: promoting community formation. Members of communities dedicated to vaccine refusal appear to seek out misinformation from multiple sources. Community administrators make use of several channels afforded by the Facebook platform to disseminate misinformation. Our findings suggest the need to address how social media platform architecture enables community formation and mobilisation around misinformative topics when managing the spread of online content.
    Keywords Computer Science - Social and Information Networks ; Computer Science - Computers and Society ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
    Subject code 070
    Publishing date 2022-02-04
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Contemporary Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the United States: Insights From the CASCADE FH Registry.

    Cuchel, Marina / Lee, Paul C / Hudgins, Lisa C / Duell, P Barton / Ahmad, Zahid / Baum, Seth J / Linton, MacRae F / de Ferranti, Sarah D / Ballantyne, Christie M / Larry, John A / Hemphill, Linda C / Kindt, Iris / Gidding, Samuel S / Martin, Seth S / Moriarty, Patrick M / Thompson, Paul P / Underberg, James A / Guyton, John R / Andersen, Rolf L /
    Whellan, David J / Benuck, Irwin / Kane, John P / Myers, Kelly / Howard, William / Staszak, David / Jamison, Allison / Card, Mary C / Bourbon, Mafalda / Chora, Joana R / Rader, Daniel J / Knowles, Joshua W / Wilemon, Katherine / McGowan, Mary P

    Journal of the American Heart Association

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 9, Page(s) e029175

    Abstract: Background Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare, treatment-resistant disorder characterized by early-onset atherosclerotic and aortic valvular cardiovascular disease if left untreated. Contemporary information on HoFH in the United ... ...

    Abstract Background Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare, treatment-resistant disorder characterized by early-onset atherosclerotic and aortic valvular cardiovascular disease if left untreated. Contemporary information on HoFH in the United States is lacking, and the extent of underdiagnosis and undertreatment is uncertain. Methods and Results Data were analyzed from 67 children and adults with clinically diagnosed HoFH from the CASCADE (Cascade Screening for Awareness and Detection) FH Registry. Genetic diagnosis was confirmed in 43 patients. We used the clinical characteristics of genetically confirmed patients with HoFH to query the Family Heart Database, a US anonymized payer health database, to estimate the number of patients with similar lipid profiles in a "real-world" setting. Untreated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower in adults than children (533 versus 776 mg/dL;
    MeSH term(s) United States/epidemiology ; Humans ; Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/diagnosis ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/epidemiology ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Atherosclerosis/diagnosis ; Atherosclerosis/epidemiology ; Atherosclerosis/genetics ; Registries ; Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use ; Homozygote
    Chemical Substances Cholesterol, LDL ; Anticholesteremic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2653953-6
    ISSN 2047-9980 ; 2047-9980
    ISSN (online) 2047-9980
    ISSN 2047-9980
    DOI 10.1161/JAHA.122.029175
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Design and synthesis of N-[6-(Substituted Aminoethylideneamino)-2-Hydroxyindan-1-yl]arylamides as selective and potent muscarinic M₁ agonists.

    Liu, Bin / Croy, Carrie H / Hitchcock, Stephen A / Allen, Jennifer R / Rao, Zhigang / Evans, David / Bures, Mark G / McKinzie, David L / Watt, Marla Leigh / Stuart Gregory, G / Hansen, Marvin M / Hoogestraat, Paul J / Jamison, James A / Okha-Mokube, Fese M / Stratford, Robert E / Turner, William / Bymaster, Frank / Felder, Christian C

    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters

    2015  Volume 25, Issue 19, Page(s) 4158–4163

    Abstract: The observation that cholinergic deafferentation of circuits projecting from forebrain basal nuclei to frontal and hippocampal circuits occurs in Alzheimer's disease has led to drug-targeting of muscarinic M1 receptors to alleviate cognitive symptoms. ... ...

    Abstract The observation that cholinergic deafferentation of circuits projecting from forebrain basal nuclei to frontal and hippocampal circuits occurs in Alzheimer's disease has led to drug-targeting of muscarinic M1 receptors to alleviate cognitive symptoms. The high homology within the acetylcholine binding domain of this family however has made receptor-selective ligand development challenging. This work presents the synthesis scheme, pharmacokinetic and structure-activity-relationship study findings for M1-selective ligand, LY593093. Pharmacologically the compound acts as an orthosteric ligand. The homology modeling work presented however will illustrate that compound binding spans from the acetylcholine pocket to the extracellular loops of the receptor, a common allosteric vestibule for the muscarinic protein family. Altogether LY593093 represents a growing class of multi-topic ligands which interact with the receptors in both the ortho- and allosteric binding sites, but which exert their activation mechanism as an orthosteric ligand.
    MeSH term(s) Amides/chemical synthesis ; Amides/chemistry ; Amides/pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Rats ; Receptor, Muscarinic M1/agonists ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Chemical Substances Amides ; Receptor, Muscarinic M1
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-10-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1063195-1
    ISSN 1464-3405 ; 0960-894X
    ISSN (online) 1464-3405
    ISSN 0960-894X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  5. Article: Thermally cleavable surfactants based on furan-maleimide Diels-Alder adducts.

    McElhanon, James R / Zifer, Thomas / Kline, Steven R / Wheeler, David R / Loy, Douglas A / Jamison, Gregory M / Long, Timothy M / Rahimian, Kamyar / Simmons, Blake A

    Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids

    2005  Volume 21, Issue 8, Page(s) 3259–3266

    Abstract: Two new surfactant molecules are reported that contain thermally labile Diels-Alder adducts connecting the hydrophilic and hydrophobic sections of each molecule. The two surfactants possess identical hydrophobic dodecyl tail segments but have phenol and ... ...

    Abstract Two new surfactant molecules are reported that contain thermally labile Diels-Alder adducts connecting the hydrophilic and hydrophobic sections of each molecule. The two surfactants possess identical hydrophobic dodecyl tail segments but have phenol and carboxylic acid hydrophilic headgroups, respectively. Deprotonation with potassium hydroxide affords the formation of water-soluble surfactants. Room temperature aqueous solutions of both surfactants exhibit classical surface-active agent behavior similar to common analagous alkylaryl surfactant molecules. Critical micelle concentrations have been determined for each surfactant through dynamic surface tension and dye solubilization techniques. Small-angle neutron scattering measurements of the aqueous surfactant solutions indicate the presence of spherical micelles with radii of 16.5 angstroms for the carboxylate and 18.8 angstroms for the phenolate. When these surfactants are exposed to elevated temperatures (>50 degrees C), the retro Diels-Alder reaction occurs, yielding hydrophilic and hydrophobic fragments. Aqueous solutions of each surfactant subsequently exhibit a loss of all surface-active behavior and the micellar aggregates are no longer detectable.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-04-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2005937-1
    ISSN 1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
    ISSN (online) 1520-5827
    ISSN 0743-7463
    DOI 10.1021/la047074z
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  6. Article: Metathesis depolymerization for removable surfactant templates.

    Long, Timothy M / Simmons, Blake A / McElhanon, James R / Kline, Steven R / Wheeler, David R / Loy, Douglas A / Rahimian, Kamyar / Zifer, Thomas / Jamison, Gregory M

    Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids

    2005  Volume 21, Issue 20, Page(s) 9365–9373

    Abstract: Current methodologies for the production of meso- and nanoporous materials include the use of a surfactant to produce a self-assembled template around which the material is formed. However, post-production surfactant removal often requires centrifugation, ...

    Abstract Current methodologies for the production of meso- and nanoporous materials include the use of a surfactant to produce a self-assembled template around which the material is formed. However, post-production surfactant removal often requires centrifugation, calcination, and/or solvent washing which can damage the initially formed material architecture(s). Surfactants that can be disassembled into easily removable fragments following material preparation would minimize processing damage to the material structure, facilitating formation of templated hybrid architectures. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of novel cationic and anionic surfactants with regularly spaced unsaturation in their hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails and the first application of ring closing metathesis depolymerization to surfactant degradation resulting in the mild, facile decomposition of these new compounds to produce relatively volatile nonsurface active remnants.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-09-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2005937-1
    ISSN 1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
    ISSN (online) 1520-5827
    ISSN 0743-7463
    DOI 10.1021/la051438l
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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