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  1. Article ; Online: A concise review of common animal models for the study of limb regeneration.

    Farah, Zayd / Fan, Huimin / Liu, Zhongmin / He, Jia-Qiang

    Organogenesis

    2016  Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) 109–118

    Abstract: Correct selection of an appropriate animal mode to closely mimic human extremity diseases or to exhibit desirable phenotypes of limb regeneration is the first critical step for all scientists in biomedical and regenerative researches. The commonly-used ... ...

    Abstract Correct selection of an appropriate animal mode to closely mimic human extremity diseases or to exhibit desirable phenotypes of limb regeneration is the first critical step for all scientists in biomedical and regenerative researches. The commonly-used animals in limb regeneration and repairing studies, such as axolotl, mice, and rats, are discussed in the review and other models including cockroaches, dogs, and horses are also mentioned. The review weighs the general advantages, disadvantages, and precedent uses of each model in the context of limb and peripheral injury and subsequent regeneration. We hope that this review can provide the reader an overview of each model, from which to select one for their specific purpose.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Extremities/physiology ; Mammals/physiology ; Models, Animal ; Regeneration/physiology ; Urodela/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-07-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1555-8592
    ISSN (online) 1555-8592
    DOI 10.1080/15476278.2016.1205775
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Impacts of femoral artery and vein excision versus femoral artery excision on the hindlimb ischemic model in CD-1 mice.

    Chen, Miao / Fan, Huimin / Ledford, Benjamin T / Farah, Zayd / Barron, Catherine / Liu, Zhongmin / He, Jia-Qiang

    Microvascular research

    2017  Volume 110, Page(s) 48–55

    Abstract: Background and aim: Although femoral artery ligation-induced ischemia is commonly used in C57BL/6 or Balb/c mice, direct comparisons between femoral artery/vein (FAV) versus femoral artery (FA) excisions have not been reported. The goal of the present ... ...

    Abstract Background and aim: Although femoral artery ligation-induced ischemia is commonly used in C57BL/6 or Balb/c mice, direct comparisons between femoral artery/vein (FAV) versus femoral artery (FA) excisions have not been reported. The goal of the present study is to investigate the effects of FAV versus FA excisions on hindlimb models using adult CD-1 mice.
    Methods: Two groups (n=10/group) of adult, mixed gender CD-1 mice were used to generate hindlimb ischemic models by excising either the FAV or FA. Laser Doppler Imaging was used to evaluate blood flow before surgery, immediately after surgery (Day 0), and then on Days 14 and 28. Toe necrosis was checked every 14days while skeletal muscle cellular remodeling and vascular networks were analyzed at the end of the experiment using pathohistological, Dil-vessel painting, and immunohistochemical approaches.
    Results: During the 4-week period, no statistical differences were found between FAV and FA excision-induced ischemia in terms of reduction of limb blood flow, paw size, number of necrotic toes, or skeletal muscle cell sizes. However, significant increases in centrally-located nuclei cells, adipose cells, diameters of Dil-stained arterioles, and CD31
    Conclusion: We conclude that FAV and FA excision in CD-1 mice generate a comparable degree of hindlimb ischemia, suggesting that, as expected, FAV is no more severe than FA. These findings may provide important information for researchers when selecting ligation methods for their hindlimb models.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Capillaries/metabolism ; Capillaries/pathology ; Capillaries/physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electrocoagulation ; Female ; Femoral Artery/physiopathology ; Femoral Artery/surgery ; Femoral Vein/physiopathology ; Femoral Vein/surgery ; Hindlimb ; Ischemia/etiology ; Ischemia/metabolism ; Ischemia/pathology ; Ischemia/physiopathology ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; Male ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply ; Muscle, Skeletal/pathology ; Necrosis ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Perfusion Imaging/methods ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism ; Regional Blood Flow ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80307-8
    ISSN 1095-9319 ; 0026-2862
    ISSN (online) 1095-9319
    ISSN 0026-2862
    DOI 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.12.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Treatment Effect in Earlier Trials of Patients With Chronic Medical Conditions: A Meta-Epidemiologic Study.

    Alahdab, Fares / Farah, Wigdan / Almasri, Jehad / Barrionuevo, Patricia / Zaiem, Feras / Benkhadra, Raed / Asi, Noor / Alsawas, Mouaz / Pang, Yifan / Ahmed, Ahmed T / Rajjo, Tamim / Kanwar, Amrit / Benkhadra, Khalid / Razouki, Zayd / Murad, M Hassan / Wang, Zhen

    Mayo Clinic proceedings

    2018  Volume 93, Issue 3, Page(s) 278–283

    Abstract: Objective: To determine whether the early trials in chronic medical conditions demonstrate an effect size that is larger than that in subsequent trials.: Methods: We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating a drug or device in ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine whether the early trials in chronic medical conditions demonstrate an effect size that is larger than that in subsequent trials.
    Methods: We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating a drug or device in patients with chronic medical conditions through meta-analyses (MAs) published between January 1, 2007, and June 23, 2015, in the 10 general medical journals with highest impact factor. We estimated the prevalence of having the largest effect size or heterogeneity in the first 2 published trials. We evaluated the association of the exaggerated early effect with several a priori hypothesized explanatory variables.
    Results: We included 70 MAs that had included a total of 930 trials (average of 13 [range, 5-48] RCTs per MA) with average follow-up of 24 (range, 1-168) months. The prevalence of the exaggerated early effect (ie, proportion of MAs with largest effect or heterogeneity in the first 2 trials) was 37%. These early trials had an effect size that was on average 2.67 times larger than the overall pooled effect size (ratio of relative effects, 2.67; 95% CI, 2.12-3.37). The presence of exaggerated effect was not significantly associated with trial size; number of events; length of follow-up; intervention duration; number of study sites; inpatient versus outpatient setting; funding source; stopping a trial early; adequacy of random sequence generation, allocation concealment, or blinding; loss to follow-up or the test for publication bias.
    Conclusion: Trials evaluating treatments of chronic medical conditions published early in the chain of evidence commonly demonstrate an exaggerated treatment effect compared with subsequent trials. At the present time, this phenomenon remains unpredictable. Considering the increasing morbidity and mortality of chronic medical conditions, decision makers should act on early evidence with caution.
    MeSH term(s) Bias ; Chronic Disease/therapy ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; Research Design ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review
    ZDB-ID 124027-4
    ISSN 1942-5546 ; 0025-6196
    ISSN (online) 1942-5546
    ISSN 0025-6196
    DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.10.020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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