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Article ; Online: Access to knowledge and the Global Abortion Policies Database.

Erdman, Joanna N / Johnson, Brooke Ronald

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics

2018 Volume 142, Issue 1, Page(s) 120–124

Abstract: Research shows that women, healthcare providers, and even policy makers worldwide have limited or inaccurate knowledge of the abortion law and policies in their country. These knowledge gaps sometimes stem from the vague and broad terms of the law, which ...

Abstract	Research shows that women, healthcare providers, and even policy makers worldwide have limited or inaccurate knowledge of the abortion law and policies in their country. These knowledge gaps sometimes stem from the vague and broad terms of the law, which breed uncertainty and even conflict when unaccompanied by accessible regulation or guidelines. Inconsistency across national law and policy further impedes safe and evidence-based practice. This lack of transparency creates a crisis of accountability. Those seeking care cannot know their legal entitlements, service providers cannot practice with legal protection, and governments can escape legal responsibility for the adverse effects of their laws. This is the context for the newly launched Global Abortion Policies Database-an open-access repository that seeks to promote transparency and state accountability by providing clear and comprehensive information about national laws, policies, health standards, and guidelines, and by creating the capacity for comparative analysis and cross-referencing to health indicators, WHO recommendations, and human rights standards.
MeSH term(s)	Abortion, Induced/legislation & jurisprudence ; Abortion, Legal ; Access to Information ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Pregnancy
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80149-5
ISSN	1879-3479 ; 0020-7292
ISSN (online)	1879-3479
ISSN	0020-7292
DOI	10.1002/ijgo.12509
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Article ; Online: Global Abortion Policies Database: A descriptive analysis of the regulatory and policy environment related to abortion.

Lavelanet, Antonella F / Johnson, Brooke Ronald / Ganatra, Bela

Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology

2019 Volume 62, Page(s) 25–35

Abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems states that regulatory, policy, and programmatic barriers that hinder access to and timely provision of safe abortion care should be removed. Although ... ...

Abstract	The World Health Organization (WHO) Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems states that regulatory, policy, and programmatic barriers that hinder access to and timely provision of safe abortion care should be removed. Although some regulatory requirements facilitate access, where they act as barriers, they can deter women from seeking safe abortion care. We use data available in the Global Abortion Policies Database as of February 2019 to review policies related to regulatory requirements identified as access barriers in the Safe abortion guidance. We include only countries where such policies apply, i.e., where abortion is lawful on the woman's request, with no requirement for justification and/or for one or more legal grounds. The results demonstrate the variation that exists in regulatory requirements, but little remains known about how they are implemented in practice and the implications on how women access and how providers offer safe abortion services.
MeSH term(s)	Abortion, Induced/legislation & jurisprudence ; Abortion, Legal/legislation & jurisprudence ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Global Health ; Health Policy ; Health Services Accessibility ; Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence ; Human Rights/standards ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Women's Health/legislation & jurisprudence ; World Health Organization
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-26
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2050090-7
ISSN	1532-1932 ; 1521-6934
ISSN (online)	1532-1932
ISSN	1521-6934
DOI	10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.06.002
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Article: Central and peripheral tau retention modulated by an anti-tau antibody.

Solorzano, Alexander / Brady, Molly / Bhatt, Nemil / Johnson, Angelique / Burgess, Brooke / Leyva, Hannah / Puangmalai, Nicha / Jerez, Cynthia / Wood, Ronald / Kayed, Rakez / Deane, Rashid

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Tau protein blood levels dependent on its distribution to peripheral organs and possible elimination from the body. Thus, the peripheral distribution of CSF-derived tau protein was explored, especially since there is a transition to blood-based ... ...

Abstract	Tau protein blood levels dependent on its distribution to peripheral organs and possible elimination from the body. Thus, the peripheral distribution of CSF-derived tau protein was explored, especially since there is a transition to blood-based biomarkers and the emerging idea that tau pathology may spread beyond brain. Near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) was mainly used to analyze tau (tau-NIRF) distribution after its intracisternal or intravenous injection. There was a striking uptake of blood- or CSF-derived tau-NIRF protein by the skeletal structures, liver, small intestine (duodenum), gall bladder, kidneys, urinary bladder, lymph nodes, heart, and spleen. In aging and in older APP/PS1 mice, tau uptake in regions, such as the brain, liver, and skeleton, was increased. In bone (femur) injected tau protein was associated with integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP), a major non-collagenous glycoprotein that is associated with mineralization. Tau-NIRF was cleared slowly from CSF via mainly across the cribriform plate, and cervical lymph nodes. In brain, some of the CSF injected tau protein was associated with NeuN-positive and PDGFRý-positive cells, which may explain its retention. The presence of tau in the bladders suggested excretion routes of tau. CSF anti-tau antibody increased CSF tau clearance, while blood anti-tau antibody decreased tau accumulation in the femur but not in liver, kidney, and spleen. Thus, the data show a body-wide distribution and retention of CSF-derived tau protein, which increased with aging and in older APP/PS1 mice. Further work is needed to elucidate the relevance of tau accumulation in each organ to tauopathy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.08.17.553682
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Article ; Online: Global Abortion Policies Database

Brooke Ronald Johnson / Antonella Francheska Lavelanet / Stephanie Schlitt

BMC International Health and Human Rights, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a new approach to strengthening knowledge on laws, policies, and human rights standards

2018 Volume 5

Abstract: Abstract Background The Global Abortion Policies Database (GAPD), launched in June 2017, provides a verifiable, comprehensive, nuanced approach to information and data sources on abortion law and policy. Abortion laws, policies, and guidelines from ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The Global Abortion Policies Database (GAPD), launched in June 2017, provides a verifiable, comprehensive, nuanced approach to information and data sources on abortion law and policy. Abortion laws, policies, and guidelines from United Nations (UN) and World Health Organization (WHO) Member States are juxtaposed to information and recommendations from WHO safe abortion guidance, national sexual and reproductive health indicators, and relevant UN human rights bodies’ concluding observations to countries. Main body The Global Abortion Policies Database aims to increase transparency of information and accountability of states for the protection of individuals’ health and human rights. The database presents current information on abortion laws and policies that goes beyond categories of lawful abortion to include information on additional access requirements, service provision, conscientious objection, and penalties. Wide-ranging variations among countries’ legal requirements and criminal penalties raise questions about the evidentiary and human rights basis for abortion laws and policies. Source documents found in the database highlight that in many jurisdictions legal and policy guidance is either non-existent, not clear, or conflicting. By juxtaposing a jurisdiction’s abortion laws and policies to relevant WHO guidance and by facilitating comparisons of countries’ sexual and reproductive health indicators, the database can enable deep policy analysis of states’ obligations to meet the health needs and human rights of individuals in the context of abortion. Policy analysis in the context of authoritative guidance on human rights standards can enable health and rights advocates to hold governments accountable for respecting, protecting, and fulfilling individuals’ human rights. Conclusion The GAPD is a comprehensive tool that can be used to strengthen knowledge, inform law and policy research to generate evidence on the impact of laws and policies in practice, and facilitate greater awareness of ...
Keywords	Abortion laws ; Abortion policies ; Abortion guidelines ; Abortion human rights standards ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	170
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Global Abortion Policies Database: a new approach to strengthening knowledge on laws, policies, and human rights standards.

Johnson, Brooke Ronald / Lavelanet, Antonella Francheska / Schlitt, Stephanie

BMC international health and human rights

2018 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 35

Abstract: Background: The Global Abortion Policies Database (GAPD), launched in June 2017, provides a verifiable, comprehensive, nuanced approach to information and data sources on abortion law and policy. Abortion laws, policies, and guidelines from United ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Global Abortion Policies Database (GAPD), launched in June 2017, provides a verifiable, comprehensive, nuanced approach to information and data sources on abortion law and policy. Abortion laws, policies, and guidelines from United Nations (UN) and World Health Organization (WHO) Member States are juxtaposed to information and recommendations from WHO safe abortion guidance, national sexual and reproductive health indicators, and relevant UN human rights bodies' concluding observations to countries. Main body: The Global Abortion Policies Database aims to increase transparency of information and accountability of states for the protection of individuals' health and human rights. The database presents current information on abortion laws and policies that goes beyond categories of lawful abortion to include information on additional access requirements, service provision, conscientious objection, and penalties. Wide-ranging variations among countries' legal requirements and criminal penalties raise questions about the evidentiary and human rights basis for abortion laws and policies. Source documents found in the database highlight that in many jurisdictions legal and policy guidance is either non-existent, not clear, or conflicting. By juxtaposing a jurisdiction's abortion laws and policies to relevant WHO guidance and by facilitating comparisons of countries' sexual and reproductive health indicators, the database can enable deep policy analysis of states' obligations to meet the health needs and human rights of individuals in the context of abortion. Policy analysis in the context of authoritative guidance on human rights standards can enable health and rights advocates to hold governments accountable for respecting, protecting, and fulfilling individuals' human rights. Conclusion: The GAPD is a comprehensive tool that can be used to strengthen knowledge, inform law and policy research to generate evidence on the impact of laws and policies in practice, and facilitate greater awareness of the many challenges to creating enabling policy environments for safe abortion.
MeSH term(s)	Abortion, Legal/legislation & jurisprudence ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Global Health ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Policy ; Health Services Accessibility ; Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence ; Human Rights/standards ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2054004-8
ISSN	1472-698X ; 1472-698X
ISSN (online)	1472-698X
ISSN	1472-698X
DOI	10.1186/s12914-018-0174-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Global Abortion Policies Database

Antonella F. Lavelanet / Stephanie Schlitt / Brooke Ronald Johnson / Bela Ganatra

BMC International Health and Human Rights, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a descriptive analysis of the legal categories of lawful abortion

2018 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Background Texts and interpretations on the lawfulness of abortion and associated administrative requirements can be vague and confusing. It can also be difficult for a woman or provider to know exactly where to look for and how to interpret ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Texts and interpretations on the lawfulness of abortion and associated administrative requirements can be vague and confusing. It can also be difficult for a woman or provider to know exactly where to look for and how to interpret laws on abortion. To increase transparency, the Global Abortion Policies Database (GAPD), launched in 2017, facilitates the strengthening of knowledge and understanding of the complexities and nuances around lawful abortion as explicitly stated in laws and policies. Methods We report on data available in the GAPD as of May 2018. We reviewed the content and wording of laws, policies, standards and guidelines, judgments and other official statements for all countries where data is available in the GAPD. We analyzed data for 158 countries, where abortion is lawful on the woman’s request with no requirement for justification and/or for at least one legal ground, including additional indications that are nonequivalent to a single common legal ground. We classified laws on the basis of the explicit wording of the text. The GAPD treats legal categories as the circumstances under which abortion is lawful, that is, allowed or not contrary to law, or explicitly permitted or specified by law. Results 32% of countries allow or permit abortion at the woman’s request with no requirement for justification. Approximately 82% of countries allow or permit abortion to save the woman’s life. 64% of countries specify health, physical health and/or mental (or psychological) health. 51% allow or permit abortion based on a fetal condition, 46% of countries allow or permit abortion where the pregnancy is the result of rape, and 10% specify an economic or social ground. Laws may also specify several additional indications that are nonequivalent to a single legal ground. Conclusions The GAPD reflects details that exist within countries’ laws and highlights the nuance within legal categories of abortion; no assumptions are made as to how laws are interpreted or applied in practice. By ...
Keywords	Lawful abortion ; Abortion legal categories ; Abortion laws ; Abortion on request ; Legal grounds ; Indications for abortion ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	170
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Erratum to: A study protocol for facility assessment and follow-up evaluations of the barriers to access, availability, utilization and readiness of contraception, abortion and postabortion services in Zika affected areas.

Ali, Moazzam / Folz, Rachel / Miller, Kelsey / Johnson, Brooke Ronald / Kiarie, James

Reproductive health

2017 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 97

Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2149029-6
ISSN	1742-4755 ; 1742-4755
ISSN (online)	1742-4755
ISSN	1742-4755
DOI	10.1186/s12978-017-0366-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A global database of abortion laws, policies, health standards and guidelines.

Johnson, Brooke Ronald / Mishra, Vinod / Lavelanet, Antonella Francheska / Khosla, Rajat / Ganatra, Bela

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

2017 Volume 95, Issue 7, Page(s) 542–544

MeSH term(s)	Abortion, Legal/legislation & jurisprudence ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Policy ; Women's Rights ; World Health Organization
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80213-x
ISSN	1564-0604 ; 0042-9686 ; 0366-4996 ; 0510-8659
ISSN (online)	1564-0604
ISSN	0042-9686 ; 0366-4996 ; 0510-8659
DOI	10.2471/BLT.17.197442
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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Global Abortion Policies Database: a descriptive analysis of the legal categories of lawful abortion.

Lavelanet, Antonella F / Schlitt, Stephanie / Johnson, Brooke Ronald / Ganatra, Bela

BMC international health and human rights

2018 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 44

Abstract: Background: Texts and interpretations on the lawfulness of abortion and associated administrative requirements can be vague and confusing. It can also be difficult for a woman or provider to know exactly where to look for and how to interpret laws on ... ...

Abstract	Background: Texts and interpretations on the lawfulness of abortion and associated administrative requirements can be vague and confusing. It can also be difficult for a woman or provider to know exactly where to look for and how to interpret laws on abortion. To increase transparency, the Global Abortion Policies Database (GAPD), launched in 2017, facilitates the strengthening of knowledge and understanding of the complexities and nuances around lawful abortion as explicitly stated in laws and policies. Methods: We report on data available in the GAPD as of May 2018. We reviewed the content and wording of laws, policies, standards and guidelines, judgments and other official statements for all countries where data is available in the GAPD. We analyzed data for 158 countries, where abortion is lawful on the woman's request with no requirement for justification and/or for at least one legal ground, including additional indications that are nonequivalent to a single common legal ground. We classified laws on the basis of the explicit wording of the text. The GAPD treats legal categories as the circumstances under which abortion is lawful, that is, allowed or not contrary to law, or explicitly permitted or specified by law. Results: 32% of countries allow or permit abortion at the woman's request with no requirement for justification. Approximately 82% of countries allow or permit abortion to save the woman's life. 64% of countries specify health, physical health and/or mental (or psychological) health. 51% allow or permit abortion based on a fetal condition, 46% of countries allow or permit abortion where the pregnancy is the result of rape, and 10% specify an economic or social ground. Laws may also specify several additional indications that are nonequivalent to a single legal ground. Conclusions: The GAPD reflects details that exist within countries' laws and highlights the nuance within legal categories of abortion; no assumptions are made as to how laws are interpreted or applied in practice. By examining the text of the law, additional complexities related to the legal categories of abortion become more apparent.
MeSH term(s)	Abortion, Induced/legislation & jurisprudence ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Global Health ; Health Policy ; Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence ; Human Rights/standards ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Pregnancy ; Rape ; Women's Health/legislation & jurisprudence
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2054004-8
ISSN	1472-698X ; 1472-698X
ISSN (online)	1472-698X
ISSN	1472-698X
DOI	10.1186/s12914-018-0183-1
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Correction to: Study protocol on establishment of sentinel sites network for contraceptive and abortion trends, needs and utilization of services in Zika virus affected countries.

Ali, Moazzam / Miller, Kelsey / Folz, Rachel / Johnson, Brooke Ronald / Kiarie, James

Reproductive health

2017 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 177

Abstract: Correction: The original version of this article [1] unfortunately contained a mistake. All occurrences in the main text referring to the research carried out in the following countries: Brazil, Honduras and Columbia should instead be replaced with " ... ...

Abstract	Correction: The original version of this article [1] unfortunately contained a mistake. All occurrences in the main text referring to the research carried out in the following countries: Brazil, Honduras and Columbia should instead be replaced with "Brazil, Honduras and Panama". The original version of this article has been updated to reflect this change.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2149029-6
ISSN	1742-4755 ; 1742-4755
ISSN (online)	1742-4755
ISSN	1742-4755
DOI	10.1186/s12978-017-0432-0
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