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  1. Article ; Online: A historical perspective on malaria control in Brazil.

    Griffing, Sean Michael / Tauil, Pedro Luiz / Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam / Silva-Flannery, Luciana

    Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

    2015  Volume 110, Issue 6, Page(s) 701–718

    Abstract: Malaria has always been an important public health problem in Brazil. The early history of Brazilian malaria and its control was powered by colonisation by Europeans and the forced relocation of Africans as slaves. Internal migration brought malaria to ... ...

    Abstract Malaria has always been an important public health problem in Brazil. The early history of Brazilian malaria and its control was powered by colonisation by Europeans and the forced relocation of Africans as slaves. Internal migration brought malaria to many regions in Brazil where, given suitable Anopheles mosquito vectors, it thrived. Almost from the start, officials recognised the problem malaria presented to economic development, but early control efforts were hampered by still developing public health control and ignorance of the underlying biology and ecology of malaria. Multiple regional and national malaria control efforts have been attempted with varying success. At present, the Amazon Basin accounts for 99% of Brazil's reported malaria cases with regional increases in incidence often associated with large scale public works or migration. Here, we provide an exhaustive summary of primary literature in English, Spanish and Portuguese regarding Brazilian malaria control. Our goal was not to interpret the history of Brazilian malaria control from a particular political or theoretical perspective, but rather to provide a straightforward, chronological narrative of the events that have transpired in Brazil over the past 200 years and identify common themes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anopheles ; Brazil ; History, 16th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Malaria/history ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Malaria/transmission ; Mosquito Control/history ; National Health Programs/history ; Public Health/economics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-10-29
    Publishing country Brazil
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 953293-6
    ISSN 1678-8060 ; 0074-0276
    ISSN (online) 1678-8060
    ISSN 0074-0276
    DOI 10.1590/0074-02760150041
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A historical perspective on malaria control in Brazil

    Sean Michael Griffing / Pedro Luiz Tauil / Venkatachalam Udhayakumar / Luciana Silva-Flannery

    Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz., Vol 110, Iss 6, Pp 701-

    2015  Volume 718

    Abstract: Malaria has always been an important public health problem in Brazil. The early history of Brazilian malaria and its control was powered by colonisation by Europeans and the forced relocation of Africans as slaves. Internal migration brought malaria to ... ...

    Abstract Malaria has always been an important public health problem in Brazil. The early history of Brazilian malaria and its control was powered by colonisation by Europeans and the forced relocation of Africans as slaves. Internal migration brought malaria to many regions in Brazil where, given suitableAnopheles mosquito vectors, it thrived. Almost from the start, officials recognised the problem malaria presented to economic development, but early control efforts were hampered by still developing public health control and ignorance of the underlying biology and ecology of malaria. Multiple regional and national malaria control efforts have been attempted with varying success. At present, the Amazon Basin accounts for 99% of Brazil’s reported malaria cases with regional increases in incidence often associated with large scale public works or migration. Here, we provide an exhaustive summary of primary literature in English, Spanish and Portuguese regarding Brazilian malaria control. Our goal was not to interpret the history of Brazilian malaria control from a particular political or theoretical perspective, but rather to provide a straightforward, chronological narrative of the events that have transpired in Brazil over the past 200 years and identify common themes.
    Keywords Brazil ; malaria ; Plasmodium ; vivax ; falciparum ; drug resistance ; control ; history ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Microbiology ; QR1-502
    Subject code 900
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Selective sweeps and genetic lineages of Plasmodium falciparum drug -resistant alleles in Ghana.

    Alam, Md Tauqeer / de Souza, Dziedzom K / Vinayak, Sumiti / Griffing, Sean M / Poe, Amanda C / Duah, Nancy O / Ghansah, Anita / Asamoa, Kwame / Slutsker, Laurence / Wilson, Michael D / Barnwell, John W / Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam / Koram, Kwadwo A

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2011  Volume 203, Issue 2, Page(s) 220–227

    Abstract: Background: In 2005, Ghana adopted artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for primary treatment of falciparum malaria. A comprehensive study of the drug-resistance-associated mutations and their genetic lineages will lead to a better understanding ... ...

    Abstract Background: In 2005, Ghana adopted artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for primary treatment of falciparum malaria. A comprehensive study of the drug-resistance-associated mutations and their genetic lineages will lead to a better understanding of the evolution of antimalarial drug resistance in this region.
    Methods: The pfcrt, pfmdr1, dhps, and dhfr mutations associated with chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance and the microsatellite loci flanking these genes were genotyped in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Ghana.
    Results: The prevalence of mutations associated with both CQ and SP resistance was high in Ghana. However, we observed a decrease in prevalence of the pfcrt K76T mutation in northern Ghana after the change in drug policy from CQ to ACT. Analysis of genetic diversity and differentiation at microsatellite loci flanking all 4 genes indicated that they have been under strong selection, because of CQ and SP use. The triple-mutant pfcrt and dhfr alleles in Ghana were derived from Southeast Asia, whereas the double-mutant dhfr, dhps, and pfmdr1 alleles were of African lineage.
    Conclusion: Because of the possible role of pfmdr1 in amodiaquine and mefloquine resistance, demonstrating selection on pfmdr1 and defining lineages of resistant alleles in an African population holds great importance.
    MeSH term(s) Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Antimalarials/pharmacology ; Biological Evolution ; Child, Preschool ; Chloroquine/pharmacology ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; Dihydropteroate Synthase/genetics ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Resistance ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genotype ; Ghana ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics ; Mutation, Missense ; Plasmodium falciparum/classification ; Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/isolation & purification ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics ; Pyrimethamine/pharmacology ; Sulfadoxine/pharmacology ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics
    Chemical Substances Antimalarials ; DNA, Protozoan ; Drug Combinations ; Mdr1 protein, Plasmodium falciparum ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; PfCRT protein, Plasmodium falciparum ; Protozoan Proteins ; fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination (37338-39-9) ; Sulfadoxine (88463U4SM5) ; Chloroquine (886U3H6UFF) ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.3) ; Dihydropteroate Synthase (EC 2.5.1.15) ; Pyrimethamine (Z3614QOX8W)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-02-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiq038
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Update: COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities - United States, April-May 2020.

    Waltenburg, Michelle A / Victoroff, Tristan / Rose, Charles E / Butterfield, Marilee / Jervis, Rachel H / Fedak, Kristen M / Gabel, Julie A / Feldpausch, Amanda / Dunne, Eileen M / Austin, Connie / Ahmed, Farah S / Tubach, Sheri / Rhea, Charles / Krueger, Anna / Crum, David A / Vostok, Johanna / Moore, Michael J / Turabelidze, George / Stover, Derry /
    Donahue, Matthew / Edge, Karen / Gutierrez, Bernadette / Kline, Kelly E / Martz, Nichole / Rajotte, James C / Julian, Ernest / Diedhiou, Abdoulaye / Radcliffe, Rachel / Clayton, Joshua L / Ortbahn, Dustin / Cummins, Jason / Barbeau, Bree / Murphy, Julia / Darby, Brandy / Graff, Nicholas R / Dostal, Tia K H / Pray, Ian W / Tillman, Courtney / Dittrich, Michelle M / Burns-Grant, Gail / Lee, Sooji / Spieckerman, Alisa / Iqbal, Kashif / Griffing, Sean M / Lawson, Alicia / Mainzer, Hugh M / Bealle, Andreea E / Edding, Erika / Arnold, Kathryn E / Rodriguez, Tomas / Merkle, Sarah / Pettrone, Kristen / Schlanger, Karen / LaBar, Kristin / Hendricks, Kate / Lasry, Arielle / Krishnasamy, Vikram / Walke, Henry T / Rose, Dale A / Honein, Margaret A

    MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

    2020  Volume 69, Issue 27, Page(s) 887–892

    Abstract: Meat and poultry processing facilities face distinctive challenges in the control of infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). COVID-19 outbreaks among meat and poultry processing facility workers can rapidly affect large ... ...

    Abstract Meat and poultry processing facilities face distinctive challenges in the control of infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). COVID-19 outbreaks among meat and poultry processing facility workers can rapidly affect large numbers of persons. Assessment of COVID-19 cases among workers in 115 meat and poultry processing facilities through April 27, 2020, documented 4,913 cases and 20 deaths reported by 19 states (1). This report provides updated aggregate data from states regarding the number of meat and poultry processing facilities affected by COVID-19, the number and demographic characteristics of affected workers, and the number of COVID-19-associated deaths among workers, as well as descriptions of interventions and prevention efforts at these facilities. Aggregate data on confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths among workers identified and reported through May 31, 2020, were obtained from 239 affected facilities (those with a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case in one or more workers) in 23 states.* COVID-19 was confirmed in 16,233 workers, including 86 COVID-19-related deaths. Among 14 states reporting the total number of workers in affected meat and poultry processing facilities (112,616), COVID-19 was diagnosed in 9.1% of workers. Among 9,919 (61%) cases in 21 states with reported race/ethnicity, 87% occurred among racial and ethnic minority workers. Commonly reported interventions and prevention efforts at facilities included implementing worker temperature or symptom screening and COVID-19 education, mandating face coverings, adding hand hygiene stations, and adding physical barriers between workers. Targeted workplace interventions and prevention efforts that are appropriately tailored to the groups most affected by COVID-19 are critical to reducing both COVID-19-associated occupational risk and health disparities among vulnerable populations. Implementation of these interventions and prevention efforts
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Food-Processing Industry ; Humans ; Male ; Meat ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Poultry ; United States/epidemiology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 412775-4
    ISSN 1545-861X ; 0149-2195
    ISSN (online) 1545-861X
    ISSN 0149-2195
    DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm6927e2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities - 19 States, April 2020.

    Dyal, Jonathan W / Grant, Michael P / Broadwater, Kendra / Bjork, Adam / Waltenburg, Michelle A / Gibbins, John D / Hale, Christa / Silver, Maggie / Fischer, Marc / Steinberg, Jonathan / Basler, Colin A / Jacobs, Jesica R / Kennedy, Erin D / Tomasi, Suzanne / Trout, Douglas / Hornsby-Myers, Jennifer / Oussayef, Nadia L / Delaney, Lisa J / Patel, Ketki /
    Shetty, Varun / Kline, Kelly E / Schroeder, Betsy / Herlihy, Rachel K / House, Jennifer / Jervis, Rachel / Clayton, Joshua L / Ortbahn, Dustin / Austin, Connie / Berl, Erica / Moore, Zack / Buss, Bryan F / Stover, Derry / Westergaard, Ryan / Pray, Ian / DeBolt, Meghan / Person, Amy / Gabel, Julie / Kittle, Theresa S / Hendren, Pamela / Rhea, Charles / Holsinger, Caroline / Dunn, John / Turabelidze, George / Ahmed, Farah S / deFijter, Siestke / Pedati, Caitlin S / Rattay, Karyl / Smith, Erica E / Luna-Pinto, Carolina / Cooley, Laura A / Saydah, Sharon / Preacely, Nykiconia D / Maddox, Ryan A / Lundeen, Elizabeth / Goodwin, Bradley / Karpathy, Sandor E / Griffing, Sean / Jenkins, Mary M / Lowry, Garry / Schwarz, Rachel D / Yoder, Jonathan / Peacock, Georgina / Walke, Henry T / Rose, Dale A / Honein, Margaret A

    MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

    2020  Volume 69, Issue 18

    Abstract: Congregate work and residential locations are at increased risk for infectious disease transmission including respiratory illness outbreaks. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is primarily spread person to person ... ...

    Abstract Congregate work and residential locations are at increased risk for infectious disease transmission including respiratory illness outbreaks. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is primarily spread person to person through respiratory droplets. Nationwide, the meat and poultry processing industry, an essential component of the U.S. food infrastructure, employs approximately 500,000 persons, many of whom work in proximity to other workers (1). Because of reports of initial cases of COVID-19, in some meat processing facilities, states were asked to provide aggregated data concerning the number of meat and poultry processing facilities affected by COVID-19 and the number of workers with COVID-19 in these facilities, including COVID-19-related deaths. Qualitative data gathered by CDC during on-site and remote assessments were analyzed and summarized. During April 9-27, aggregate data on COVID-19 cases among 115 meat or poultry processing facilities in 19 states were reported to CDC. Among these facilities, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 4,913 (approximately 3%) workers, and 20 COVID-19-related deaths were reported. Facility barriers to effective prevention and control of COVID-19 included difficulty distancing workers at least 6 feet (2 meters) from one another (2) and in implementing COVID-19-specific disinfection guidelines.* Among workers, socioeconomic challenges might contribute to working while feeling ill, particularly if there are management practices such as bonuses that incentivize attendance. Methods to decrease transmission within the facility include worker symptom screening programs, policies to discourage working while experiencing symptoms compatible with COVID-19, and social distancing by workers. Source control measures (e.g., the use of cloth face covers) as well as increased disinfection of high-touch surfaces are also important means of preventing SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Mitigation efforts to reduce transmission in the community should also be considered. Many of these measures might also reduce asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission (3). Implementation of these public health strategies will help protect workers from COVID-19 in this industry and assist in preserving the critical meat and poultry production infrastructure (4).
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Food-Processing Industry ; Humans ; Meat ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology ; Occupational Diseases/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Poultry ; United States/epidemiology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 412775-4
    ISSN 1545-861X ; 0149-2195
    ISSN (online) 1545-861X
    ISSN 0149-2195
    DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm6918e3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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