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Article ; Online: Spatial and seasonal variation in thermal sensitivity within North American bird species.

Cohen, Jeremy M / Fink, Daniel / Zuckerberg, Benjamin

2023 Volume 290, Issue 2010, Page(s) 20231398

Abstract: Responses of wildlife to climate change are typically quantified at the species level, but physiological evidence suggests significant intraspecific variation in thermal sensitivity given adaptation to local environments and plasticity required to adjust ...

Abstract	Responses of wildlife to climate change are typically quantified at the species level, but physiological evidence suggests significant intraspecific variation in thermal sensitivity given adaptation to local environments and plasticity required to adjust to seasonal environments. Spatial and temporal variation in thermal responses may carry important implications for climate change vulnerability; for instance, sensitivity to extreme weather may increase in specific regions or seasons. Here, we leverage high-resolution observational data from eBird to understand regional and seasonal variation in thermal sensitivity for 21 bird species. Across their ranges, most birds demonstrated regional and seasonal variation in both thermal peak and range, or the temperature and range of temperatures when observations peaked. Some birds demonstrated constant thermal peaks or ranges across their geographical distributions, while others varied according to local and current environmental conditions. Across species, birds typically demonstrated either geographical or seasonal adaptation to climate. Local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity are likely important but neglected aspects of organismal responses to climate change.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Seasons ; Birds/physiology ; Temperature ; Animals, Wild ; Climate Change ; North America
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209242-6
ISSN	1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
ISSN (online)	1471-2954
ISSN	0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
DOI	10.1098/rspb.2023.1398
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Article ; Online: Avian responses to extreme weather across functional traits and temporal scales.

Cohen, Jeremy M / Fink, Daniel / Zuckerberg, Benjamin

Global change biology

2020 Volume 26, Issue 8, Page(s) 4240–4250

Abstract: Extreme weather, including heat waves, droughts, and high rainfall, is becoming more common and affecting a diversity of species and taxa. However, researchers lack a framework that can anticipate how diverse species will respond to weather extremes ... ...

Abstract	Extreme weather, including heat waves, droughts, and high rainfall, is becoming more common and affecting a diversity of species and taxa. However, researchers lack a framework that can anticipate how diverse species will respond to weather extremes spanning weeks to months. Here we used high-resolution occurrence data from eBird, a global citizen science initiative, and dynamic species distribution models to examine how 109 North American bird species ranging in migration distance, diet, body size, habitat preference, and prevalence (commonness) respond to extreme heat, drought, and rainfall across a wide range of temporal scales. Across species, temperature influenced species' distributions more than precipitation at weekly and monthly scales, while precipitation was more important at seasonal scales. Phylogenetically controlled multivariate models revealed that migration distance was the most important factor mediating responses to extremely hot or dry weeks; residents and short-distance migrants occurred less often following extreme heat. At monthly or seasonal scales, less common birds experienced decreases in occurrence following drought-like conditions, while widespread species were unaffected. Spatial predictions demonstrated variation in responses to extreme weather across species' ranges, with predicted decreases in occurrence up to 40% in parts of ranges. Our results highlight that extreme weather has variable and potentially strong implications for birds at different time scales, but these responses are mediated by life-history characteristics. As weather once considered extreme occurs more frequently, researchers and managers require a better understanding of how diverse species respond to extreme conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Birds ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Extreme Weather ; Temperature ; Weather
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.15133
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Article: Extreme winter weather disrupts bird occurrence and abundance patterns at geographic scales

Cohen, Jeremy M. / Fink, Daniel / Zuckerberg, Benjamin

Ecography. 2021 Aug., v. 44, no. 8

2021

Abstract: Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and intensity as a result of modern climate change. During winter, species may be especially vulnerable to extreme weather as they are surviving on scarce resources and living at the edge of their ... ...

Abstract	Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and intensity as a result of modern climate change. During winter, species may be especially vulnerable to extreme weather as they are surviving on scarce resources and living at the edge of their thermal limits. We compiled data from eBird, a global citizen science initiative, to examine how 41 eastern North American birds shifted their occurrence and abundance patterns immediately following two recent extreme weather events each affecting > 2 million km², the intrusion of a polar vortex and a winter heat wave. eBird data is continuously collected at high spatiotemporal resolution across large spatial extents, allowing us to compare species' responses immediately before and after these extreme events with trends in other winters across geographic scales. Overall, we found that birds responded differently to each extreme weather event. Bird occurrence rates did not change following the polar vortex, but where species occurred, population density was temporarily reduced, suggesting reductions in number of individuals driven by decreases in behavioral activity or temporary movement out of the area. However, birds demonstrated widespread increases in occurrence and increases in density and number of individuals where they occurred for at least 20 days after the heat wave, hinting at longer‐term range changes. Smaller‐bodied, warm‐adapted passerines tended to be most sensitive to extreme weather and responded most negatively to the polar vortex and most positively to the heat wave, while larger‐bodied, cold‐adapted waterbirds expressed only mild responses to either event. Thus, certain species may be exceptionally sensitive to extreme weather events while others are less sensitive. As climate change progresses and climatic variability increases, researchers and managers must better quantify the broad‐scale sensitivity of different species to multiple types of extreme weather events.
Keywords	Passeriformes ; citizen science ; climate change ; heat ; population density ; water birds ; weather ; winter
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-08
Size	p. 1143-1155.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1112659-0
ISSN	0906-7590
ISSN	0906-7590
DOI	10.1111/ecog.05495
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A lung for all: Novel mechanical ventilator for emergency and low-resource settings

Zuckerberg, Jeremy / Shaik, Mohammed / Widmeier, Keith / Kilbaugh, Todd / Nelin, Timothy D

Life sciences. 2020 Sept. 15, v. 257

2020

Abstract: To create a low-cost ventilator that could be constructed with readily-available hospital equipment for use in emergency or low-resource settings.The novel ventilator consists of an inspiratory limb composed of an elastic flow-inflating bag encased ... ...

Abstract	To create a low-cost ventilator that could be constructed with readily-available hospital equipment for use in emergency or low-resource settings.The novel ventilator consists of an inspiratory limb composed of an elastic flow-inflating bag encased within a non-compliant outer sheath and an expiratory limb composed of a series of two, one-way bidirectional splitter valves derived from a self-inflating bag system. An Arduino Uno microcontroller controls a solenoid valve that can be programmed to open and close to produce a set respiratory rate and inspiratory time. Using an ASL 5000 Lung Simulator, we obtained flow, pressure, and volume waveforms at different lung compliances.At a static lung compliance of 50 mL/cm H₂O and an airway resistance of 6 cm H₂O/L/s, ventilated at a PIP and PEEP of 16 and 5 cm H₂O, respectively, tidal volumes of approximately 540 mL were achieved. At a static lung compliance of 20 mL/cm H₂O and an airway resistance of 6 cm H₂O/L/s, ventilated at a PIP and PEEP of 38 and 15 cm H₂O, respectively, tidal volumes of approximately 495 mL were achieved.This novel ventilator is able to safely and reliably ventilate patients with a range of pulmonary disease in a simulated setting. Opportunities exist to utilize our ventilator in emergency situations and low-resource settings.
Keywords	equipment ; hospitals ; lung function ; lungs ; respiratory rate ; respiratory tract diseases
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0915
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	3378-9
ISSN	1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
ISSN (online)	1879-0631
ISSN	0024-3205
DOI	10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118113
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Article ; Online: Left atrial stiffness and strain are novel indices of left ventricular diastolic function in children: validation followed by application in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children due to COVID-19.

Zuckerberg, Jeremy C / Matsubara, Daisuke / Kauffman, Hunter L / Chang, Joyce C / Calderon-Anyosa, Renzo / Patel, Chandni / Hogarty, Alexa N / Falkensammer, Christine B / Mercer-Rosa, Laura M / Quartermain, Michael D / Wang, Yan / Banerjee, Anirban

European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging

2023 Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 1241–1251

Abstract: Aims: We hypothesized left atrial (LA) stiffness may serve as a surrogate marker in children to differentiate elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) from normal and help detect diastolic dysfunction in myocardial injury due to multisystem ... ...

Abstract	Aims: We hypothesized left atrial (LA) stiffness may serve as a surrogate marker in children to differentiate elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) from normal and help detect diastolic dysfunction in myocardial injury due to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Methods and results: We validated LA stiffness in 76 patients (median age 10.5 years), 33 had normal PCWP (<12 mmHg) and 43 had elevated PCWP (≥12 mmHg). LA stiffness was applied to 42 MIS-C patients [28 with myocardial injury (+) and 14 without myocardial injury (-)], defined by serum biomarkers. The validation group consisted of a group with and without cardiomyopathies, whose PCWP values ranged from normal to severely elevated. Peak LA strain was measured by speckle-tracking and E/e' from apical four chamber views. Noninvasive LA stiffness was calculated as: LAStiffness=E/e'LAPeakStrain (%-1). Patients with elevated PCWP showed significantly elevated LA stiffness [median 0.71%-1 vs. 0.17%-1, P < 0.001]. Elevated PCWP group showed significantly decreased LA strain (median: 15.0% vs. 38.2%, P < 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for LA stiffness yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 and cutoff value of 0.27%-1. In MIS-C group, ROC curve yielded an AUC of 0.79 and cutoff value of 0.29%-1 for identifying myocardial injury. Conclusion: In children with elevated PCWP, LA stiffness was significantly increased. When applied to children with MIS-C, LA stiffness classified myocardial injury accurately. LA stiffness and strain may serve as noninvasive markers of diastolic function in the pediatric population.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Atrial Fibrillation ; COVID-19 ; Heart Atria/diagnostic imaging ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnostic imaging ; Ventricular Function, Left
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2638345-7
ISSN	2047-2412 ; 2047-2404
ISSN (online)	2047-2412
ISSN	2047-2404
DOI	10.1093/ehjci/jead087
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Article: Avian responses to extreme weather across functional traits and temporal scales

Cohen, Jeremy M / Fink, Daniel / Zuckerberg, Benjamin

Global change biology. 2020 Aug., v. 26, no. 8

2020

Abstract	Extreme weather, including heat waves, droughts, and high rainfall, is becoming more common and affecting a diversity of species and taxa. However, researchers lack a framework that can anticipate how diverse species will respond to weather extremes spanning weeks to months. Here we used high‐resolution occurrence data from eBird, a global citizen science initiative, and dynamic species distribution models to examine how 109 North American bird species ranging in migration distance, diet, body size, habitat preference, and prevalence (commonness) respond to extreme heat, drought, and rainfall across a wide range of temporal scales. Across species, temperature influenced species’ distributions more than precipitation at weekly and monthly scales, while precipitation was more important at seasonal scales. Phylogenetically controlled multivariate models revealed that migration distance was the most important factor mediating responses to extremely hot or dry weeks; residents and short‐distance migrants occurred less often following extreme heat. At monthly or seasonal scales, less common birds experienced decreases in occurrence following drought‐like conditions, while widespread species were unaffected. Spatial predictions demonstrated variation in responses to extreme weather across species’ ranges, with predicted decreases in occurrence up to 40% in parts of ranges. Our results highlight that extreme weather has variable and potentially strong implications for birds at different time scales, but these responses are mediated by life‐history characteristics. As weather once considered extreme occurs more frequently, researchers and managers require a better understanding of how diverse species respond to extreme conditions.
Keywords	birds ; body size ; citizen science ; diet ; drought ; geographical distribution ; global change ; habitat preferences ; heat ; life history ; phylogeny ; rain ; species diversity ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-08
Size	p. 4240-4250.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.15133
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A lung for all: Novel mechanical ventilator for emergency and low-resource settings.

Zuckerberg, Jeremy / Shaik, Mohammed / Widmeier, Keith / Kilbaugh, Todd / Nelin, Timothy D

Life sciences

2020 Volume 257, Page(s) 118113

Abstract: Aims: To create a low-cost ventilator that could be constructed with readily-available hospital equipment for use in emergency or low-resource settings.: Main methods: The novel ventilator consists of an inspiratory limb composed of an elastic flow- ... ...

Abstract	Aims: To create a low-cost ventilator that could be constructed with readily-available hospital equipment for use in emergency or low-resource settings. Main methods: The novel ventilator consists of an inspiratory limb composed of an elastic flow-inflating bag encased within a non-compliant outer sheath and an expiratory limb composed of a series of two, one-way bidirectional splitter valves derived from a self-inflating bag system. An Arduino Uno microcontroller controls a solenoid valve that can be programmed to open and close to produce a set respiratory rate and inspiratory time. Using an ASL 5000 Lung Simulator, we obtained flow, pressure, and volume waveforms at different lung compliances. Key findings: At a static lung compliance of 50 mL/cm H Significance: This novel ventilator is able to safely and reliably ventilate patients with a range of pulmonary disease in a simulated setting. Opportunities exist to utilize our ventilator in emergency situations and low-resource settings.
MeSH term(s)	Airway Resistance/physiology ; Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology ; Humans ; Lung/physiology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology ; Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation ; Respiration, Artificial/methods ; Respiratory Rate/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tidal Volume/physiology ; Ventilators, Mechanical/supply & distribution
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3378-9
ISSN	1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
ISSN (online)	1879-0631
ISSN	0024-3205
DOI	10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118113
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Article: A lung for all: Novel mechanical ventilator for emergency and low-resource settings

Zuckerberg, Jeremy / Shaik, Mohammed / Widmeier, Keith / Kilbaugh, Todd / Nelin, Timothy D

Life Sci

Abstract: AIMS: To create a low-cost ventilator that could be constructed with readily-available hospital equipment for use in emergency or low-resource settings. MAIN METHODS: The novel ventilator consists of an inspiratory limb composed of an elastic flow- ... ...

Abstract	AIMS: To create a low-cost ventilator that could be constructed with readily-available hospital equipment for use in emergency or low-resource settings. MAIN METHODS: The novel ventilator consists of an inspiratory limb composed of an elastic flow-inflating bag encased within a non-compliant outer sheath and an expiratory limb composed of a series of two, one-way bidirectional splitter valves derived from a self-inflating bag system. An Arduino Uno microcontroller controls a solenoid valve that can be programmed to open and close to produce a set respiratory rate and inspiratory time. Using an ASL 5000 Lung Simulator, we obtained flow, pressure, and volume waveforms at different lung compliances. KEY FINDINGS: At a static lung compliance of 50 mL/cm H2O and an airway resistance of 6 cm H2O/L/s, ventilated at a PIP and PEEP of 16 and 5 cm H2O, respectively, tidal volumes of approximately 540 mL were achieved. At a static lung compliance of 20 mL/cm H2O and an airway resistance of 6 cm H2O/L/s, ventilated at a PIP and PEEP of 38 and 15 cm H2O, respectively, tidal volumes of approximately 495 mL were achieved. SIGNIFICANCE: This novel ventilator is able to safely and reliably ventilate patients with a range of pulmonary disease in a simulated setting. Opportunities exist to utilize our ventilator in emergency situations and low-resource settings.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #652999
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Daily activity timing in the Anthropocene.

Gilbert, Neil A / McGinn, Kate A / Nunes, Laura A / Shipley, Amy A / Bernath-Plaisted, Jacy / Clare, John D J / Murphy, Penelope W / Keyser, Spencer R / Thompson, Kimberly L / Maresh Nelson, Scott B / Cohen, Jeremy M / Widick, Ivy V / Bartel, Savannah L / Orrock, John L / Zuckerberg, Benjamin

Trends in ecology & evolution

2022 Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 324–336

Abstract: Animals are facing novel 'timescapes' in which the stimuli entraining their daily activity patterns no longer match historical conditions due to anthropogenic disturbance. However, the ecological effects (e.g., altered physiology, species interactions) ... ...

Abstract	Animals are facing novel 'timescapes' in which the stimuli entraining their daily activity patterns no longer match historical conditions due to anthropogenic disturbance. However, the ecological effects (e.g., altered physiology, species interactions) of novel activity timing are virtually unknown. We reviewed 1328 studies and found relatively few focusing on anthropogenic effects on activity timing. We suggest three hypotheses to stimulate future research: (i) activity-timing mismatches determine ecological effects, (ii) duration and timing of timescape modification influence effects, and (iii) consequences of altered activity timing vary biogeographically due to broad-scale variation in factors compressing timescapes. The continued growth of sampling technologies promises to facilitate the study of the consequences of altered activity timing, with emerging applications for biodiversity conservation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	284965-3
ISSN	1872-8383 ; 0169-5347
ISSN (online)	1872-8383
ISSN	0169-5347
DOI	10.1016/j.tree.2022.10.008
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Article ; Online: The Parasternal Short-Axis View Improves Diagnostic Accuracy for Inferior Sinus Venosus Type of Atrial Septal Defects by Transthoracic Echocardiography.

Snarr, Brian S / Liu, Michael Y / Zuckerberg, Jeremy C / Falkensammer, Christine B / Nadaraj, Sumekala / Burstein, Danielle / Ho, Deborah / Gardner, Monique A / Butto, Arene / Ewing, Stanford G / Pandian, Natesa G / Banerjee, Anirban

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography

2017 Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 209–215

Abstract: Background: Sinus venosus defects (SVD) of the inferior vena cava (IVC) type, or inferior SVDs, are an uncommon form of atrial communication located outside the confines of the fossa ovalis and involve override of the IVC. Despite numerous studies ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sinus venosus defects (SVD) of the inferior vena cava (IVC) type, or inferior SVDs, are an uncommon form of atrial communication located outside the confines of the fossa ovalis and involve override of the IVC. Despite numerous studies describing the anatomical and echocardiographic features of the inferior SVD, distinguishing this defect from a large secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) by echocardiography is often challenging. Accurate diagnosis of an inferior SVD and correct differentiation from a secundum ASD is essential for appropriate presurgical planning. Absence of the posterior rim in the parasternal short-axis views may serve as a useful clue in diagnosing inferior SVDs. We sought to determine the utility of using the presence or absence of a posterior atrial rim in the parasternal short-axis view to help distinguish an inferior SVD from a secundum ASD. This sign may help clinch the diagnosis when subcostal imaging is suboptimal. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed transthoracic echocardiograms from 15 patients with a known surgical diagnosis of an inferior SVD between 2004 and 2015. The presence or absence of a posterior rim in the parasternal short-axis view was determined by two primary investigators. The posterior rim was also evaluated in 14 patients with a secundum ASD repair as controls. Echocardiograms were then reviewed blindly by attending-level echocardiographers and cardiology fellows in training. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed both with and without the use of the posterior rim criterion. Statistical analysis was used to determine the effect of using the rim criterion on inferior SVD diagnosis. We also reviewed all surgically diagnosed secundum ASDs that were incorrectly diagnosed as inferior SVD by preoperative imaging and determined whether use of the posterior rim criterion would have resulted in the correct diagnosis. Results: The posterior rim was absent in all 15 patients with a surgical diagnosis of inferior SVD and present in all 14 patients with a secundum ASD. For all observers, there was a statistically significant increase in diagnostic accuracy of inferior SVDs with the use of the rim criterion (P < .0001). We noted that secundum ASDs with inferior extension also have persistent posterior rims. The rim criterion correctly classified all large secundum ASDs with inferior extension that were previously misdiagnosed by echocardiogram preoperatively. Conclusions: Absence of the posterior rim ("bald" posterior wall) is a consistent finding in patients with an inferior SVD and distinguishes an inferior SVD from a large secundum ASD with inferior extension. Parasternal short-axis evaluation of the posterior atrial rim is a helpful tool for all levels of physician training in improving diagnostic accuracy for detecting inferior SVDs and in distinguishing them from secundum ASDs.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Echocardiography/methods ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Infant ; Male ; Patient Positioning/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sternum/diagnostic imaging ; Vena Cava, Inferior/abnormalities ; Vena Cava, Inferior/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1035622-8
ISSN	1097-6795 ; 0894-7317
ISSN (online)	1097-6795
ISSN	0894-7317
DOI	10.1016/j.echo.2016.12.007
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