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Article ; Online: Rare cause of massive haemoptysis diagnosed by ultrasonography in the ICU.

Ng, Wincy Wing Sze / Chin, Kevin / Lam, Sin Man

2023 Volume 78, Issue 7, Page(s) 733–734

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hemoptysis/diagnostic imaging ; Hemoptysis/etiology ; Lung Neoplasms/complications ; Bronchial Arteries/diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Intensive Care Units
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	204353-1
ISSN	1468-3296 ; 0040-6376
ISSN (online)	1468-3296
ISSN	0040-6376
DOI	10.1136/thorax-2022-219559
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Article ; Online: Assessing the utility of the spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) to predict fracture after conventional radiation therapy (RT) for spinal metastases.

Shi, Diana D / Hertan, Lauren M / Lam, Tai Chung / Skamene, Sonia / Chi, John H / Groff, Michael / Cho, Charles H / Ferrone, Marco L / Harris, Mitchel / Chen, Yu-Hui / Balboni, Tracy A

Practical radiation oncology

2018 Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) e285–e294

Abstract: ... The spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) was developed by the Spine Oncology Study Group to categorize ... with spinal metastases are limited. The purpose of this study is to assess the validity of SINS in predicting ... Brigham and Women's Cancer Center from 2006 to 2013. SINS was calculated for each lesion (range, 0-18 ...

Abstract	Purpose: Assessing the stability of spinal metastases is critical for making treatment decisions. The spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) was developed by the Spine Oncology Study Group to categorize tumor-related lesions; however, data describing its utility in predicting fractures in patients with spinal metastases are limited. The purpose of this study is to assess the validity of SINS in predicting new or worsening fracture after radiation therapy (RT) to spine metastases. Methods and materials: This is a retrospective analysis of patients treated with conventional RT alone (median total dose, 30 Gy; range, 8-47 Gy; median number of fractions, 10; range, 1-25) for spinal metastasis at Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center from 2006 to 2013. SINS was calculated for each lesion (range, 0-18). The primary endpoint was time from RT start to radiographically documented new or worsening fracture or last disease assessment. Results: A total of 203 patients and 250 lesions were included in analysis. The percentages of lesions with SINS of 0 to 6, 7 to 12, and 13 to 18 were 38.8%, 54.8%, and 6.4%, respectively. Of 250 lesions, 20.4% developed new or worsening fractures; 14.4% for SINS 0 to 6, 21.2% for SINS 7 to 12, and 50.0% for SINS 13 to 18. Multivariate analysis adjusted for sex, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, histology, and total dose indicated that, compared with stable lesions (SINS 0-6), potentially unstable lesions (SINS 7-12) demonstrated a greater likelihood of new or worsening fracture that was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.85-3.22; P = .14), and unstable lesions (SINS 13-18) were significantly more likely to develop to new or worsening fracture (hazard ratio, HR,4.37, 95% confidence interval, 1.80-10.61; P = .001). Conclusions: In this study of patients undergoing RT for spinal metastases, 20.4% developed new or worsening vertebral fractures. SINS is demonstrated to be a useful tool to assess fracture risk after RT.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Clinical Decision-Making/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Instability/diagnosis ; Joint Instability/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Procedures/methods ; Patient Selection ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Spinal Fractures/etiology ; Spinal Fractures/prevention & control ; Spinal Neoplasms/complications ; Spinal Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Spinal Neoplasms/secondary ; Spine/pathology ; Spine/radiation effects ; Spine/surgery ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Validation Studies
ISSN	1879-8519
ISSN (online)	1879-8519
DOI	10.1016/j.prro.2018.02.001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Emerging roles and therapeutic potentials of sphingolipids in pathophysiology: emphasis on fatty acyl heterogeneity.

Mu, Jinming / Lam, Sin Man / Shui, Guanghou

Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao

2023 Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 268–278

Abstract: Sphingolipids not only exert structural roles in cellular membranes, but also act as signaling molecules in various physiological and pathological processes. A myriad of studies have shown that abnormal levels of sphingolipids and their metabolic enzymes ...

Abstract	Sphingolipids not only exert structural roles in cellular membranes, but also act as signaling molecules in various physiological and pathological processes. A myriad of studies have shown that abnormal levels of sphingolipids and their metabolic enzymes are associated with a variety of human diseases. Moreover, blood sphingolipids can also be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. This review summarizes the biosynthesis, metabolism, and pathological roles of sphingolipids, with emphasis on the biosynthesis of ceramide, the precursor for the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids with different fatty acyl chains. The possibility of using sphingolipids for disease prediction, diagnosis, and treatment is also discussed. Targeting endogenous ceramides and complex sphingolipids along with their specific fatty acyl chain to promote future drug development will also be discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Sphingolipids/chemistry ; Sphingolipids/metabolism ; Ceramides/chemistry ; Ceramides/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Sphingolipids ; Ceramides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-25
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2374568-X
ISSN	1873-5533 ; 1673-8527
ISSN (online)	1873-5533
ISSN	1673-8527
DOI	10.1016/j.jgg.2023.06.006
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Article ; Online: Neurological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection: lipoproteins and exosomes as Trojan horses.

Lam, Sin Man / Huang, Xun / Shui, Guanghou

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM

2022 Volume 33, Issue 8, Page(s) 554–568

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets lipid-producing cells for viral tropism. In this review, we connect systemic lipid couriers, particularly high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and exosomes, with the neurological ... ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets lipid-producing cells for viral tropism. In this review, we connect systemic lipid couriers, particularly high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and exosomes, with the neurological facets of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss how SARS-CoV-2 preferentially targets lipid-secreting cells and usurps host cell lipid metabolism for efficient replication and systemic spreading. Besides providing natural veils for viral materials against host immunity, the inherent properties of some of these endogenous lipid particles to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) also offer alternative routes for SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism. Importantly, virus-driven neurological aberrations mediated by HDLs and exosomes are fueled by lipid rafts, which are implicated in the production and transmigration of these lipid particles across the BBB. Finally, we discuss how repurposing existing drugs targeting lipid rafts and cholesterol homeostasis may be beneficial toward alleviating the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease burden.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Exosomes ; Humans ; Lipids ; Lipoproteins ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Lipids ; Lipoproteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1042384-9
ISSN	1879-3061 ; 1043-2760
ISSN (online)	1879-3061
ISSN	1043-2760
DOI	10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.011
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Article ; Online: Hepatic loss of CerS2 induces cell division defects via a mad2‐mediated pathway

Mingjun Cao / Shaohua Zhang / Sin Man Lam / Guanghou Shui

Clinical and Translational Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

2022

Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pterosin sesquiterpenoids from Pteris laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. protect cells from glutamate excitotoxicity by modulating mitochondrial signals.

Cheng, Aifang / Zhang, Yan / Sun, Jin / Huang, Duli / Sulaiman, Jordy Evan / Huang, Xin / Wu, Long / Ye, Wenkang / Wu, Chuanhai / Lam, Henry / Shi, Yusheng / Qian, Pei-Yuan

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2023 Volume 308, Page(s) 116308

Abstract: ... in traditional Chinese medicine to treat nervous system diseases and some pterosin sesquiterpenes from Pteris show neuroprotective ... the neuroprotective activity and working mechanism of pterosin sesquiterpenes from P. laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh ... from pterosin sesquiterpenes by evaluating their neuroprotective activity and investigating their working ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: The genus Pteris (Pteridaceae) has been used as a traditional herb for a long time. In particular, Pteris laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat nervous system diseases and some pterosin sesquiterpenes from Pteris show neuroprotective activity, but their underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Therefore, to investigate the neuroprotective activity and working mechanism of pterosin sesquiterpenes from P. laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. will provide a better understanding and guidance in using P. laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. as a traditional Chinese medicine. Aim of the study: We aim to develop effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases from pterosin sesquiterpenes by evaluating their neuroprotective activity and investigating their working mechanisms. Materials and methods: Primary screening on the glutamate-induced excitotoxicity cell model was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. Fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to analyze the activation level of glutamate receptors and mitochondria membrane potential after treatment. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis was performed to identify possible targets of pterosin B. The key pathways were enriched by the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis through the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The core targets were visualized by a protein-protein interaction network using STRING. The mRNA and protein expressions were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and western blot, respectively. Immunocytochemistry was performed to monitor mitochondrial and apoptotic proteins. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by ROS assay, and Ca Results: We found pterosin B from Pteris laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. showed significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate excitotoxicity, enhancing cell viability from 43.8% to 105% (p-value: <0.0001). We demonstrated that pterosin B worked on the downstream signaling pathways of glutamate excitotoxicity rather than directly blocking the activation of glutamate receptors. Pterosin B restored mitochondria membrane potentials, alleviated intracellular calcium overload from 107.4% to 95.47% (p-value: 0.0006), eliminated cellular ROS by 36.55% (p-value: 0.0143), and partially secured cells from LPS-induced inflammation by increasing cell survival from 46.75% to 58.5% (p-value: 0.0114). Notably, pterosin B enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by 2.86-fold (p-value: 0.0006) and 4.24-fold (p-value: 0.0012), and down-regulated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) expression by 2.5-fold (p-value: 0.0107), indicating that it possibly promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy to maintain mitochondria quality control and homeostasis, and ultimately inhibits apoptotic cell death. Conclusions: Our work revealed that pterosin B protected cells from glutamate excitotoxicity by targeting the downstream mitochondrial signals, making it a valuable candidate for developing potential therapeutic agents in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Pteris/metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology ; Mitochondria ; Oxidative Stress
Chemical Substances	Reactive Oxygen Species ; pterosin B ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 ; Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L) ; pterosin ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Sesquiterpenes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2023.116308
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Article ; Online: Hepatic loss of CerS2 induces cell division defects via a mad2-mediated pathway.

Cao, Mingjun / Zhang, Shaohua / Lam, Sin Man / Shui, Guanghou

Clinical and translational medicine

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) e712

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Division/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Liver/metabolism ; Mad2 Proteins/drug effects ; Mad2 Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mice ; Sphingosine N-Acyltransferase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Sphingosine N-Acyltransferase/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	MAD2L1 protein, human ; Mad2 Proteins ; Membrane Proteins ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; CERS2 protein, human (EC 2.3.1.24) ; Sphingosine N-Acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.24)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2697013-2
ISSN	2001-1326 ; 2001-1326
ISSN (online)	2001-1326
ISSN	2001-1326
DOI	10.1002/ctm2.712
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Article: Phosphatidylcholine deficiency increases ferroptosis susceptibility in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline.

Zhu, Jinglin / Meng, Wei / Lam, Sin Man / Shui, Guanghou / Huang, Xun

Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao

2023 Volume 50, Issue 5, Page(s) 318–329

Abstract: Ferroptosis, a regulated and iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by peroxidation of membrane phospholipids, has tremendous potential for the therapy of human diseases. The causal link between phospholipid homeostasis and ferroptosis is ... ...

Abstract	Ferroptosis, a regulated and iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by peroxidation of membrane phospholipids, has tremendous potential for the therapy of human diseases. The causal link between phospholipid homeostasis and ferroptosis is incompletely understood. Here, we reveal that spin-4, a previously identified regulator of the "B12-one-carbon cycle-phosphatidylcholine (PC)" pathway, sustains germline development and fertility by ensuring PC sufficiency in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Mechanistically, SPIN-4 regulates lysosomal activity which is required for B12-associated PC synthesis. PC deficiency-induced sterility can be rescued by reducing the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, reactive oxygen species, and redox-active iron, which indicates that the sterility is mediated by germline ferroptosis. These results highlight the critical role of PC homeostasis in ferroptosis susceptibility and offer a new target for pharmacological approaches.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Ferroptosis/genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Iron/metabolism ; Infertility ; Germ Cells/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Phosphatidylcholines ; Iron (E1UOL152H7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-16
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2374568-X
ISSN	1873-5533 ; 1673-8527
ISSN (online)	1873-5533
ISSN	1673-8527
DOI	10.1016/j.jgg.2023.03.005
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Article ; Online: Phosphatidylcholine deficiency increases ferroptosis susceptibility in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline

Zhu, Jinglin / Meng, Wei / Lam, Sin Man / Shui, Guanghou / Huang, Xun

Journal of Genetics and Genomics. 2023 May, v. 50, no. 5 p.318-329

2023

Abstract	Ferroptosis, a regulated and iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by peroxidation of membrane phospholipids, has tremendous potential for the therapy of human diseases. The causal link between phospholipid homeostasis and ferroptosis is incompletely understood. Here, we reveal that spin-4, a previously identified regulator of the "B12-one-carbon cycle-phosphatidylcholine (PC)" pathway, sustains germline development and fertility by ensuring PC sufficiency in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Mechanistically, SPIN-4 regulates lysosomal activity which is required for B12-associated PC synthesis. PC deficiency-induced sterility can be rescued by reducing the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, reactive oxygen species, and redox-active iron, which indicates that the sterility is mediated by germline ferroptosis. These results highlight the critical role of PC homeostasis in ferroptosis susceptibility and offer a new target for pharmacological approaches.
Keywords	Caenorhabditis elegans ; ferroptosis ; genomics ; germ cells ; homeostasis ; humans ; iron ; peroxidation ; phosphatidylcholines ; reactive oxygen species ; therapeutics ; Phosphatidylcholine ; SPIN-4 ; Sterility ; Lysosome
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Size	p. 318-329.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	2374568-X
ISSN	1873-5533 ; 1673-8527
ISSN (online)	1873-5533
ISSN	1673-8527
DOI	10.1016/j.jgg.2023.03.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Rebaudioside A Enhances Resistance to Oxidative Stress and Extends Lifespan and Healthspan in

Li, Pan / Wang, Zehua / Lam, Sin Man / Shui, Guanghou

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 10, Issue 2

Abstract: Non-nutritive sweeteners are widely used in food and medicines to reduce energy content without compromising flavor. Herein, we report that Rebaudioside A (Reb A), a natural, non-nutritive sweetener, can extend both the lifespan and healthspan ... ...

Abstract	Non-nutritive sweeteners are widely used in food and medicines to reduce energy content without compromising flavor. Herein, we report that Rebaudioside A (Reb A), a natural, non-nutritive sweetener, can extend both the lifespan and healthspan of
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704216-9
ISSN	2076-3921
ISSN	2076-3921
DOI	10.3390/antiox10020262
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