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  1. Book: Stem cell-based neural model systems for brain disorders

    Huang, Yu-Wen Alvin / Pak, ChangHui

    (Methods in molecular biology ; 2683 ; Springer protocols)

    2023  

    Author's details edited by Yu-Wen Alvin Huang, ChangHui Pak
    Series title Methods in molecular biology ; 2683
    Springer protocols
    Collection
    Keywords Brain/Diseases/Treatment ; Neural stem cells
    Subject code 616.80427
    Language English
    Size viii, 292 Seiten, Illustrationen, 26 cm
    Publisher Humana Press
    Publishing place New York, NY
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT030057649
    ISBN 978-1-0716-3286-4 ; 9781071632871 ; 1-0716-3286-8 ; 1071632876
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    Zs A 7042 -2683- not available for loan Lesesaal EG

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  2. Article ; Online: Internet Use and Effects on Mental Well-being During the Lockdown Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Younger Versus Older Adults: Observational Cross-Sectional Study.

    Yu, Chou Chuen / Tou, Nien Xiang / Low, James Alvin

    JMIR formative research

    2024  Volume 8, Page(s) e46824

    Abstract: Background: Majority of individuals, including both younger and older adults, had to adapt to digital means to cope with lockdown measures and pandemic-induced lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. While internet accessibility was beneficial ... ...

    Abstract Background: Majority of individuals, including both younger and older adults, had to adapt to digital means to cope with lockdown measures and pandemic-induced lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. While internet accessibility was beneficial during the pandemic, existing literature suggests that excessive use could lead to the rise of problematic internet use in adolescents and younger adults. However, the effects on older adults remain unclear.
    Objective: This study aimed to examine differences in internet use during the lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and explore how age differences in mental health could be explained by time spent on the internet.
    Methods: A door-to-door survey of a nationally representative sample of 602 adults in Singapore was carried out using computer-assisted personal interviewing during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (October to November 2020). Participants were categorized into younger (21-59 years old) and older (60 years or above) age groups. We assessed self-reported measures of depression, anxiety, and stress; psychosocial adaptability; ability to perform essential activities; social support; health status; digital media use patterns, and time spent on the internet. Procedures complied with existing safe distancing measures.
    Results: Older adults reported being less able to use digital platforms to meet needs and acquire information updates compared with younger adults during the lockdown period of the pandemic. Older adults spent significantly less time on the internet for both work and personal uses per day (mean 146.00 min, SD 9.18 min) compared with younger adults (mean 433.27 min, SD 14.32 min). Significant age differences in depression, anxiety, and stress were found, with younger adults showing poorer mental health. Mediation analysis showed that age differences in depression, anxiety, and stress were partially explained by time spent on the internet. These variables together explained 43%, 40%, and 40% of the variances in depression, anxiety, and stress scores, respectively.
    Conclusions: The findings showed that younger adults spent significantly more time on the internet compared with older adults during the lockdown phase of the pandemic. They were also ahead in their ability to use digital resources to meet needs and engage socially compared with older adults. Despite this, the mental health of younger adults was poor, and this was partially accounted for by the amount of time spent on the internet. Since past research suggests that excessive time spent on the internet could lead to disordered use, the benefits brought by digital technologies could have been attenuated during the lockdown phase of the pandemic. Considering this potential negative effect, it is imperative to educate both young and old adults in the appropriate use of information and communication technology.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-06
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2561-326X
    ISSN (online) 2561-326X
    DOI 10.2196/46824
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Analysis of Cellular Crosstalk and Molecular Signal between Periosteum-Derived Precursor Cells and Peripheral Cells During Bone Healing Process Using a Paper-Based Osteogenesis-On-A-Chip Platform.

    Tong, Yun-Wen / Chen, Alvin Chao-Yu / Lei, Kin Fong

    ACS applied materials & interfaces

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 42, Page(s) 49051–49059

    Abstract: Periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PDPCs) are highly promising cell sources that are indispensable in the bone healing process. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are physiologically close to periosteum tissue and release multiple growth factors to ... ...

    Abstract Periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PDPCs) are highly promising cell sources that are indispensable in the bone healing process. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are physiologically close to periosteum tissue and release multiple growth factors to promote the bone healing process. Co-culturing PDPCs and ADSCs can construct periosteum-bone tissue microenvironments for the study of cellular crosstalk and molecular signal in the bone healing process. In the current work, a paper-based osteogenesis-on-a-chip platform was successfully developed to provide an in vitro three-dimensional coculture model. The platform was a paper substrate sandwiched between PDPC-hydrogel and ADSC-hydrogel suspensions. Cell secretion could be transferred through the paper substrate from one side to another side. Growth factors including BMP2, TGF-β, POSTN, Wnt proteins, PDGFA, and VEGFA were directly analyzed by a paper-based immunoassay. Cellular crosstalk was studied by protein expression on the paper substrate. Moreover, osteogenesis of PDPCs was investigated by examining the mRNA expressions of PDPCs after culture. Neutralizing and competitive assays were conducted to understand the correlation between growth factors secreted from ADSCs and the osteogenesis of PDPCs. In vitro periosteum-bone tissue microenvironment was established by the paper-based osteogenesis-on-a-chip platform. The proposed approach provides a promising assay of cellular crosstalk and molecular signal in 3D coculture microenvironment that may potentially lead to the development of effective bone regeneration therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Osteogenesis/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Periosteum ; Cell Proliferation ; Bone Regeneration ; Hydrogels ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
    Chemical Substances Hydrogels
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1944-8252
    ISSN (online) 1944-8252
    DOI 10.1021/acsami.3c12925
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Failure of the linkage mechanism in a semi-constrained total elbow arthroplasty is a rare and unpredictable event: a review of seven cases.

    Chen, Po-An / Chen, Alvin Chao-Yu / Cheng, Chun-Ying

    International orthopaedics

    2023  Volume 48, Issue 2, Page(s) 537–545

    Abstract: Purpose: Linked component of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) consisted of bushing and locking pins. Failure of linked components is a rare complication of TEA. This study aims to investigate the mechanism and consequence of failure of the linkage ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Linked component of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) consisted of bushing and locking pins. Failure of linked components is a rare complication of TEA. This study aims to investigate the mechanism and consequence of failure of the linkage mechanism in TEA surgeries.
    Methods: Between 2010 and 2021, five patients received revision operation due to linked component failure. Besides, two patients underwent primary operation at another institute were also analyzed due to failure of the linkage mechanism.
    Results: All seven patients underwent primary TEA and mean age for primary TEA was 48 (range, 27-62). Two patients had TEA for post-traumatic arthritis, three patients for rheumatoid arthritis, and two patients for comminuted distal humerus fracture. The average time between primary TEA and revision TEA for linked component failure was 13.6 years. Three bushing wear and four locking pin dissociation were diagnosed according to pre-operative radiography. Elbow pain and swelling are the most common clinical symptoms. Severe osteolysis, periprosthetic fracture, and stem loosening were noted in three bushing wear cases. In four dissociation of locking pin cases, breakage of male locking pin phalanges was demonstrated in two patients. For revision procedures, both the locking pins and bushings were replaced. No patients in the study required additional surgery after the revision operation for linked component failure.
    Conclusion: Osteolysis, component loosening, periprosthetic fracture may be expected after linked component failure. Patients should be regularly followed up from short-term to long-term with radiography. Early diagnosis and intervention with linked component exchange can prevent extensive revision surgery.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Elbow Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Elbow Joint/surgery ; Periprosthetic Fractures/surgery ; Osteolysis/etiology ; Elbow/surgery ; Prosthesis Failure ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Elbow/adverse effects ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Elbow/methods ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/surgery ; Reoperation/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-28
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80384-4
    ISSN 1432-5195 ; 0341-2695
    ISSN (online) 1432-5195
    ISSN 0341-2695
    DOI 10.1007/s00264-023-06015-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1324: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Phosphorylation at Ser65 modulates ubiquitin conformational dynamics.

    Yovanno, Remy A / Yu, Alvin / Wied, Tyler J / Lau, Albert Y

    Structure (London, England : 1993)

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 7, Page(s) 884–890.e2

    Abstract: Ubiquitin phosphorylation at Ser65 increases the population of a rare C-terminally retracted (CR) conformation. Transition between the Major and CR ubiquitin conformations is critical for promoting mitochondrial degradation. The mechanisms by which the ... ...

    Abstract Ubiquitin phosphorylation at Ser65 increases the population of a rare C-terminally retracted (CR) conformation. Transition between the Major and CR ubiquitin conformations is critical for promoting mitochondrial degradation. The mechanisms by which the Major and CR conformations of Ser65-phosphorylated (pSer65) ubiquitin interconvert, however, remain unresolved. Here, we perform all-atom molecular dynamics simulations using the string method with swarms of trajectories to calculate the lowest free-energy path between these two conformers. Our analysis reveals the existence of a Bent intermediate in which the C-terminal residues of the β5 strand shift to resemble the CR conformation, while pSer65 retains contacts resembling the Major conformation. This stable intermediate was reproduced in well-tempered metadynamics calculations but was less stable for a Gln2Ala mutant that disrupts contacts with pSer65. Lastly, dynamical network modeling reveals that the transition from the Major to CR conformations involves a decoupling of residues near pSer65 from the adjacent β1 strand.
    MeSH term(s) Phosphorylation ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/chemistry ; Protein Conformation
    Chemical Substances Ubiquitin ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1213087-4
    ISSN 1878-4186 ; 0969-2126
    ISSN (online) 1878-4186
    ISSN 0969-2126
    DOI 10.1016/j.str.2023.05.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 4141: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: The Generation and Functional Characterization of Human Microglia-Like Cells Derived from iPS and Embryonic Stem Cells.

    Lehoux, Mikael / Connolly, Kevin / Assetta, Benedetta / Huang, Yu-Wen Alvin

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2023  Volume 2683, Page(s) 69–78

    Abstract: The following protocol describes the generation of microglia cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using commercially available kits by StemCell Technologies. This protocol consists of three major steps: (1) Differentiation of ... ...

    Abstract The following protocol describes the generation of microglia cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using commercially available kits by StemCell Technologies. This protocol consists of three major steps: (1) Differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, (2) Microglia differentiation, and (3) Microglia maturation. Assays are described to characterize hematopoietic precursor cells and mature microglia.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Microglia ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Cell Differentiation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-3287-1_6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Metabolomics in Corneal Diseases: A Narrative Review from Clinical Aspects.

    Teo, Alvin Wei Jun / Zhang, Jingwen / Zhou, Lei / Liu, Yu-Chi

    Metabolites

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 3

    Abstract: Corneal pathologies may have subtle manifestations in the initial stages, delaying diagnosis and timely treatment. This can lead to irreversible visual loss. Metabolomics is a rapidly developing field that allows the study of metabolites in a system, ... ...

    Abstract Corneal pathologies may have subtle manifestations in the initial stages, delaying diagnosis and timely treatment. This can lead to irreversible visual loss. Metabolomics is a rapidly developing field that allows the study of metabolites in a system, providing a complementary tool in the early diagnosis and management of corneal diseases. Early identification of biomarkers is key to prevent disease progression. The advancement of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry allows the identification of new biomarkers in the analysis of tear, cornea, and aqueous humor. Novel perspectives on disease mechanisms are identified, which provide vital information for potential targeted therapies in the future. Current treatments are analyzed at a molecular level to offer further information regarding their efficacy. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the metabolomic studies undertaken in the cornea and various pathologies such as dry eye disease, Sjogren's syndrome, keratoconus, post-refractive surgery, contact lens wearers, and diabetic corneas. Lastly, we discuss the exciting future that metabolomics plays in cornea research.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2662251-8
    ISSN 2218-1989
    ISSN 2218-1989
    DOI 10.3390/metabo13030380
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Modeling Cellular Crosstalk of Neuroinflammation Axis by Tri-cultures of iPSC-Derived Human Microglia, Astrocytes, and Neurons.

    Connolly, Kevin / Lehoux, Mikael / Assetta, Benedetta / Huang, Yu-Wen Alvin

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2023  Volume 2683, Page(s) 79–87

    Abstract: Neuroinflammation is a common early pathological feature in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been heavily implicated as a causative factor in disease pathology. However, the role neuroinflammation and ... ...

    Abstract Neuroinflammation is a common early pathological feature in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been heavily implicated as a causative factor in disease pathology. However, the role neuroinflammation and inflammatory cells, including microglia and astrocytes, play in AD development and progression has not been fully defined. To try to better understand and study this neuroinflammatory role in AD pathogenesis, researchers use a variety of model systems, particularly in vivo animal models. Despite their usefulness, these models do come with a variety of limitations due to the inherent complexity of the brain and the human-specific nature of AD. Here, we describe a reductionist approach at modeling neuroinflammation by utilizing an in vitro tri-culture system of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia induced from human pluripotent stem cells. This tri-culture model is a powerful tool to dissect intercellular interactions that can facilitate future studies on neuroinflammation, particularly in the context of neurodegeneration and AD.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Microglia/pathology ; Astrocytes/pathology ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/pathology ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases ; Neurons ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-3287-1_7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Outcomes of Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction According to GNRB Arthrometer Measurement.

    Cheng, You-Hung / Chiu, Chih-Hao / Chen, Alvin Chao-Yu / Chan, Yi-Sheng / Hsu, Kuo-Yao

    Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

    2023  Volume 59, Issue 2

    Abstract: Background and ... ...

    Abstract Background and Objectives
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Knee Joint ; Treatment Outcome ; Joint Instability
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2188113-3
    ISSN 1648-9144 ; 1010-660X
    ISSN (online) 1648-9144
    ISSN 1010-660X
    DOI 10.3390/medicina59020366
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    Zs.A 6270: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article: Exploring loss and grief during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review of qualitative studies.

    Tao, Xinyu / Yu, Chou Chuen / Low, James Alvin

    Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore

    2022  Volume 51, Issue 10, Page(s) 619–628

    Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about multiple losses to various groups, namely patients, families and healthcare professionals. Grief, which is the reaction to these losses, could cause strain on these individuals' physical and mental ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about multiple losses to various groups, namely patients, families and healthcare professionals. Grief, which is the reaction to these losses, could cause strain on these individuals' physical and mental health if not identified and managed early. This scoping review analysed loss, grief and how they were managed among these groups during the pandemic.
    Method: This scoping review utilised the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the Joanna Briggs Institute framework for scoping reviews. Only qualitative studies relating to loss and grief and their management were included. Of 166 studies screened, 69 were included in the study. Qualitative analysis and data coding of each record were conducted through qualitative data analysis software.
    Results: Losses included the death of family members, patients, colleagues and others. They also included the loss of usual routines, lifestyles and physical health. The grief experienced was multidimensional, affecting mainly the emotional, physical, social and existential realms. Anger, guilt and fear resulted from unsatisfactory farewells, issues with funerals, social isolation, financial strain and stigmatisation. Management strategies could be categorised into 5 themes: communication, finance, counselling, education and spiritual care.
    Conclusion: Loss and grief identification and management among patients, family members and healthcare professionals are critically important during this COVID-19 pandemic. Current operating guidelines have proven insufficient in managing loss and grief. Innovative strategies are essential to tackle the many dimensions of loss and grief. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to better understand the effectiveness of implemented policies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Grief ; Health Personnel ; Pandemics ; Qualitative Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-31
    Publishing country Singapore
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604527-3
    ISSN 0304-4602
    ISSN 0304-4602
    DOI 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021460
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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