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  1. Article ; Online: Could spinal cord oscillation contribute to spinal cord injury in degenerative cervical myelopathy?

    Schaefer, Samuel D / Davies, Benjamin M / Newcombe, Virginia F J / Sutcliffe, Michael P F

    Brain & spine

    2023  Volume 3, Page(s) 101743

    Abstract: Introduction: Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [DCM] is a slow-motion spinal cord injury. Compression and dynamic compression have been considered disease hallmarks. However, this is likely an oversimplification, as compression is more commonly ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [DCM] is a slow-motion spinal cord injury. Compression and dynamic compression have been considered disease hallmarks. However, this is likely an oversimplification, as compression is more commonly incidental and has only modest correlation to disease severity. MRI studies have recently suggested spinal cord oscillation could play a role.
    Research question: To determine if spinal cord oscillation could contribute to spinal cord injury in degenerative cervical myelopathy.
    Material and methods: A computational model of an oscillating spinal cord was developed from imaging of a healthy volunteer. Using finite element analysis, the observed implications of stress and strain, were measured in the context of a simulated disc herniation. The significance was bench marked by comparison to a more recognised dynamic injury mechanism; a flexion extension model of dynamic compression.
    Results: Spinal cord oscillation altered both compressive and shear strain on the spinal cord. Following initial compression, compressive strain moves from within the spinal cord to the spinal cord surface, whilst shear strain is magnified by 0.1-0.2, depending on the amplitude of oscillation. These orders of magnitude are equivalent to a dynamic compression model.
    Discussion and conclusion: Spinal cord oscillation could significantly contribute to spinal cord damage across DCM. Its repeated occurrence with every heartbeat, draws parallels to the concept of fatigue damage, which could reconcile differing theories on the origins of DCM. This remains hypothetical at this stage, and further investigations are required.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2772-5294
    ISSN (online) 2772-5294
    DOI 10.1016/j.bas.2023.101743
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  2. Article ; Online: Evidence of a Growing Elephant Poaching Problem in Botswana.

    Schlossberg, Scott / Chase, Michael J / Sutcliffe, Robert

    Current biology : CB

    2019  Volume 29, Issue 13, Page(s) 2222–2228.e4

    Abstract: Botswana holds roughly one-third of Africa's remaining savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) [1, 2] and will play a key role in the future conservation of this species. To date, Botswana has been one of the safest countries for elephants, with little ... ...

    Abstract Botswana holds roughly one-third of Africa's remaining savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) [1, 2] and will play a key role in the future conservation of this species. To date, Botswana has been one of the safest countries for elephants, with little poaching reported [3]. Here, we present evidence of a new outbreak of elephant poaching for ivory in northern Botswana. Comparing results from 2014 and 2018 aerial surveys, we found that elephant populations were stable, but numbers of elephant carcasses have increased, especially for newer carcasses dead for less than roughly 1 year. Newer carcasses were clustered in five "hotspots" averaging 3,522 km
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Botswana ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Elephants ; Female ; Male
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1071731-6
    ISSN 1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
    ISSN (online) 1879-0445
    ISSN 0960-9822
    DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.061
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  3. Article ; Online: Exploration of potential immune mechanisms in cervical dystonia.

    Scorr, Laura M / Kilic-Berkmen, Gamze / Sutcliffe, Diane J / Dinasarapu, Ashok R / McKay, J Lucas / Bagchi, Pritha / Powell, Michael D / Boss, Jeremy M / Cereb, Nezih / Little, Marian / Gragert, Loren / Hanfelt, John / McKeon, Andrew / Tyor, William / Jinnah, H A

    Parkinsonism & related disorders

    2024  , Page(s) 106036

    Abstract: Background: Although there are many possible causes for cervical dystonia (CD), a specific etiology cannot be identified in most cases. Prior studies have suggested a relationship between autoimmune disease and some cases of CD, pointing to possible ... ...

    Abstract Background: Although there are many possible causes for cervical dystonia (CD), a specific etiology cannot be identified in most cases. Prior studies have suggested a relationship between autoimmune disease and some cases of CD, pointing to possible immunological mechanisms.
    Objective: The goal was to explore the potential role of multiple different immunological mechanisms in CD.
    Methods: First, a broad screening test compared neuronal antibodies in controls and CD. Second, unbiased blood plasma proteomics provided a broad screen for potential biologic differences between controls and CD. Third, a multiplex immunoassay compared 37 markers associated with immunological processes in controls and CD. Fourth, relative immune cell frequencies were investigated in blood samples of controls and CD. Finally, sequencing studies investigated the association of HLA DQB1 and DRB1 alleles in controls versus CD.
    Results: Screens for anti-neuronal antibodies did not reveal any obvious abnormalities. Plasma proteomics pointed towards certain abnormalities of immune mechanisms, and the multiplex assay pointed more specifically towards abnormalities in T lymphocytes. Abnormal immune cell frequencies were identified for some CD cases, and these cases clustered together as a potential subgroup. Studies of HLA alleles indicated a possible association between CD and DRB1*15:03, which is reported to mediate the penetrance of autoimmune disorders.
    Conclusions: Altogether, the association of CD with multiple different blood-based immune measures point to abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity that may play a pathogenic role for a subgroup of individuals with CD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1311489-x
    ISSN 1873-5126 ; 1353-8020
    ISSN (online) 1873-5126
    ISSN 1353-8020
    DOI 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106036
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  4. Article ; Online: d-Mannose for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Prevention in Postmenopausal Women Using Vaginal Estrogen: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

    Lenger, Stacy M / Chu, Christine M / Ghetti, Chiara / Durkin, Michael J / Jennings, Zoe / Wan, Fei / Sutcliffe, Siobhan / Lowder, Jerry L

    Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)

    2022  Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 367–377

    Abstract: Importance: Further research is needed to determine whether d-mannose plus vaginal estrogen therapy (VET) is beneficial over VET alone for recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) prevention.: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate d- ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Further research is needed to determine whether d-mannose plus vaginal estrogen therapy (VET) is beneficial over VET alone for recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) prevention.
    Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate d-mannose efficacy for rUTI prevention in postmenopausal women using VET.
    Study design: We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing d-mannose (2 g/d) with control. Participants were required to have a history of uncomplicated rUTIs and to remain on VET throughout the trial. They were followed up 90 days for incident UTIs. Cumulative UTI incidences were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by Cox proportional hazards regression. For the planned interim analysis, P < 0.001 was considered statistically significant. Futility analysis was performed by generating post hoc conditional power for multiple scenarios.
    Results: We evaluated 545 patients for frequent/recurrent UTIs from March 1, 2018, to January 18, 2020. Of these women, 213 had culture-proven rUTIs, 71 were eligible, 57 enrolled, 44 began their planned 90-day study period, and 32 completed the study. At interim analysis, the overall cumulative UTI incidence was 46.6%; 41.1% in the treatment arm (median time to first UTI, 24 days) and 50.4% in the control arm (median, 21 days); hazard ratio, 0.76; 99.9% confidence interval, 0.15-3.97. d-Mannose was well tolerated with high participant adherence. Futility analysis suggested the study lacked power to detect the planned (25%) or observed (9%) difference as statistically significant; the study was halted before conclusion.
    Conclusions: d-Mannose is a well-tolerated nutraceutical, but further research is needed to determine whether d-mannose in combination with VET has a significant, beneficial effect beyond VET alone in postmenopausal women with rUTIs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Mannose ; Postmenopause ; Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Estrogens/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Mannose (PHA4727WTP) ; Estrogens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 2771-1897
    ISSN (online) 2771-1897
    DOI 10.1097/SPV.0000000000001270
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  5. Article ; Online: Feasibility and Research Insights From a Randomized Controlled Trial for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Prevention in Postmenopausal Women Using Vaginal Estrogen Therapy.

    Lenger, Stacy M / Chu, Christine M / Ghetti, Chiara / Durkin, Michael J / Jennings, Zoe / Sutcliffe, Siobhan / Lowder, Jerry L

    Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) e163–e170

    Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to inform feasibility parameters (eligibility, enrollment, and retention) for a recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) prevention randomized controlled trial (RCT).: Methods: We assessed feasibility parameters of ...

    Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was to inform feasibility parameters (eligibility, enrollment, and retention) for a recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) prevention randomized controlled trial (RCT).
    Methods: We assessed feasibility parameters of an RCT of postmenopausal women with uncomplicated rUTIs using vaginal estrogen. Participants were randomized to either d-mannose or a control arm. All participants were required to be using vaginal estrogen and to have a negative urine culture before 90-day trial participation. An RCT exit survey and separate survey for UTI patients (N = 196) were added to inform feasibility parameters and patient preferences for rUTI prevention and study participation after slower enrollment than anticipated.
    Results: At the time of interim and subsequent futility analyses, 545 patients had been evaluated for frequent/recurrent UTIs from March 1, 2018, to January 18, 2020. Of these, 213 (39.1%) had culture-proven rUTIs and 71 (33.3% of those with culture-proven rUTIs) were eligible for the RCT. Reasons for ineligibility included complicated UTIs, premenopausal/perimenopausal status, or existing UTI prevention regimen. Of the 71 eligible participants, 57 (80.3%) enrolled, and 44 began their planned 90-day study period (77.2%; 80.0% after excluding 2 participants awaiting negative urine cultures at the time of analysis). The study was halted before conclusion. Study retention (76.0%-83.7%) was slightly lower than expected. Urinary tract infection survey patients demonstrated significant interest in rUTI research participation.
    Conclusions: We learned several important lessons that can benefit future research. Many patients with frequent/recurrent UTIs are interested in research, but rigorous eligibility criteria and referral urine culture documentation made recruitment challenging.
    MeSH term(s) Estrogens ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Postmenopause ; Recurrence ; Urinary Tract Infections/prevention & control ; Vagina
    Chemical Substances Estrogens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 2542707-6
    ISSN 2154-4212 ; 2151-8378
    ISSN (online) 2154-4212
    ISSN 2151-8378
    DOI 10.1097/SPV.0000000000001171
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  6. Article ; Online: Gaza War: Too many citizens being killed.

    Yaqub, Sheraz / Edwin, Bjørn / Hammoud, Zane / Herrera-Almario, Gabriel / Jabir, Buthaina / Lassen, Kristoffer / Line, Pål-Dag / Lopez-Gonzalez, Miguel Angel / Puttick, Michael / Saadelnour, Mohammed Ahmed Idrees / Sampaio-Neto, José / Sampath, Raghuram / Sementsov, Konstantin V / Siriwardena, Ajith K / Sparrelid, Ernesto / Stein, Alberto Büge / Sutcliffe, Robert / Taflin, Helena / Takla, Hany /
    Valdec, Silvio / Vinoya, Cherisse N / Zaid, Waleed / Wigmore, Stephen J

    The British journal of surgery

    2024  Volume 111, Issue 4

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2985-3
    ISSN 1365-2168 ; 0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
    ISSN (online) 1365-2168
    ISSN 0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
    DOI 10.1093/bjs/znae094
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  7. Article ; Online: Kiñit classification in Ethiopian chants, Azmaris and modern music: A new dataset and CNN benchmark.

    Retta, Ephrem Afele / Sutcliffe, Richard / Almekhlafi, Eiad / Enku, Yosef Kefyalew / Alemu, Eyob / Gemechu, Tigist Demssice / Berwo, Michael Abebe / Mhamed, Mustafa / Feng, Jun

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e0284560

    Abstract: In this paper, we create EMIR, the first-ever Music Information Retrieval dataset for Ethiopian music. EMIR is freely available for research purposes and contains 600 sample recordings of Orthodox Tewahedo chants, traditional Azmari songs and ... ...

    Abstract In this paper, we create EMIR, the first-ever Music Information Retrieval dataset for Ethiopian music. EMIR is freely available for research purposes and contains 600 sample recordings of Orthodox Tewahedo chants, traditional Azmari songs and contemporary Ethiopian secular music. Each sample is classified by five expert judges into one of four well-known Ethiopian Kiñits, Tizita, Bati, Ambassel and Anchihoye. Each Kiñit uses its own pentatonic scale and also has its own stylistic characteristics. Thus, Kiñit classification needs to combine scale identification with genre recognition. After describing the dataset, we present the Ethio Kiñits Model (EKM), based on VGG, for classifying the EMIR clips. In Experiment 1, we investigated whether Filterbank, Mel-spectrogram, Chroma, or Mel-frequency Cepstral coefficient (MFCC) features work best for Kiñit classification using EKM. MFCC was found to be superior and was therefore adopted for Experiment 2, where the performance of EKM models using MFCC was compared using three different audio sample lengths. 3s length gave the best results. In Experiment 3, EKM and four existing models were compared on the EMIR dataset: AlexNet, ResNet50, VGG16 and LSTM. EKM was found to have the best accuracy (95.00%) as well as the fastest training time. However, the performance of VGG16 (93.00%) was found not to be significantly worse (P < 0.01). We hope this work will encourage others to explore Ethiopian music and to experiment with other models for Kiñit classification.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Benchmarking/classification ; Ethiopia ; Music ; Singing ; Datasets as Topic/classification
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0284560
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  8. Article ; Online: THz and laser field excitation processes: general discussion.

    Basini, Martina / Benfatto, Lara / Collet, Eric / Girija, Aswathy V / Huitric, Guénolé / Iwai, Shinichiro / Johansson, J Olof / Johnson, Steven L / Koshihara, Shinya / Mikhaylovskiy, Rostislav V / Rost, Jan Michael / Rostami, Habib / Sutcliffe, Erica

    Faraday discussions

    2022  Volume 237, Page(s) 406–418

    MeSH term(s) Lasers ; Light
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Congress
    ISSN 1364-5498
    ISSN (online) 1364-5498
    DOI 10.1039/d2fd90038f
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  9. Article ; Online: Are enhanced recovery protocols after pancreatoduodenectomy still efficient when applied in elderly patients? A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

    Kuemmerli, Christoph / Balzano, Gianpaolo / Bouwense, Stefan A / Braga, Marco / Coolsen, Mariëlle / Daniel, Sara K / Dervenis, Christos / Falconi, Massimo / Hwang, Dae Wook / Kagedan, Daniel J / Kim, Song Cheol / Lavu, Harish / Nussbaum, Daniel / Partelli, Stefano / Passeri, Michael J / Pecorelli, Nicolò / Pillarisetty, Venu G / Pucci, Michael J / Sutcliffe, Robert P /
    Tingstedt, Bobby / van der Kolk, Marion / Vrochides, Dionisios / Armstrong, Misha / Wei, Alice / Williamsson, Caroline / Yeo, Charles J / Zani, Sabino / Zouros, Efstratios / Rozzini, Renzo / Abu Hilal, Mohammed

    Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: This meta-analysis investigated the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols compared to conventional care on postoperative outcomes in patients aged 70 years or older undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Background: This meta-analysis investigated the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols compared to conventional care on postoperative outcomes in patients aged 70 years or older undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).
    Methods: Five databases were systematically searched. Comparative studies with available individual patient data (IPD) were included. The main outcomes were postoperative morbidity, length of stay, readmission and postoperative functional recovery elements. To assess an age-dependent effect, the group was divided in septuagenarians (70-79 years) and older patients (≥80 years).
    Results: IPD were obtained from 15 of 31 eligible studies comprising 1109 patients. The overall complication and major complication rates were comparable in both groups (OR 0.92 [95% CI: 0.65-1.29], p = .596 and OR 1.22 [95% CI: 0.61-2.46], p = .508). Length of hospital stay tended to be shorter in the ERAS group compared to the conventional care group (-0.14 days [95% CI: -0.29 to 0.01], p = .071) while readmission rates were comparable and the total length of stay including days in hospital after readmission tended to be shorter in the ERAS group (-0.28 days [95% CI: -0.62 to 0.05], p = .069). In the subgroups, the length of stay was shorter in octogenarians treated with ERAS (-0.36 days [95% CI: -0.71 to -0.004], p = .048). The readmission rate increased slightly but not significantly while the total length of stay was not longer in the ERAS group.
    Conclusion: ERAS in the elderly is safe and its benefits are preserved in the care of even in patients older than 80 years. Standardized care protocol should be encouraged in all pancreatic centers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-29
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2536236-7
    ISSN 1868-6982 ; 1868-6974
    ISSN (online) 1868-6982
    ISSN 1868-6974
    DOI 10.1002/jhbp.1417
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  10. Article ; Online: Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists are monoamine oxidase-A selective inhibitors.

    Hindson, Sarah A / Andrews, Rachael C / Danson, Michael J / van der Kamp, Marc W / Manley, Amy E / Sutcliffe, Oliver B / Haines, Tom S F / Freeman, Tom P / Scott, Jennifer / Husbands, Stephen M / Blagbrough, Ian S / Anderson, J L Ross / Carbery, David R / Pudney, Christopher R

    The FEBS journal

    2023  Volume 290, Issue 12, Page(s) 3243–3257

    Abstract: Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are one of the fastest growing classes of recreational drugs. Despite their growth in use, their vast chemical diversity and rapidly changing landscape of structures make understanding their effects ... ...

    Abstract Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are one of the fastest growing classes of recreational drugs. Despite their growth in use, their vast chemical diversity and rapidly changing landscape of structures make understanding their effects challenging. In particular, the side effects for SCRA use are extremely diverse, but notably include severe outcomes such as cardiac arrest. These side effects appear at odds with the main putative mode of action, as full agonists of cannabinoid receptors. We have hypothesized that SCRAs may act as MAO inhibitors, owing to their structural similarity to known monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI's) as well as matching clinical outcomes (hypertensive crisis) of 'monoaminergic toxicity' for users of MAOIs and some SCRA use. We have studied the potential for SCRA-mediated inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B via a range of SCRAs used commonly in the UK, as well as structural analogues to prove the atomistic determinants of inhibition. By combining in silico and experimental kinetic studies we demonstrate that SCRAs are MAO-A-specific inhibitors and their affinity can vary significantly between SCRAs, most notably affected by the nature of the SCRA 'head' group. Our data allow us to posit a putative mechanism of inhibition. Crucially our data demonstrate that SCRA activity is not limited to just cannabinoid receptor agonism and that alternative interactions might account for some of the diversity of the observed side effects and that these effects can be SCRA-specific.
    MeSH term(s) Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/pharmacology ; Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/chemistry ; Kinetics ; Illicit Drugs ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Monoamine Oxidase
    Chemical Substances Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ; Illicit Drugs ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors ; Monoamine Oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2173655-8
    ISSN 1742-4658 ; 1742-464X
    ISSN (online) 1742-4658
    ISSN 1742-464X
    DOI 10.1111/febs.16741
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