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Article: Contributions des bactéries commensales et de l’hôte à la cholestérolémie

Lesnik, Philippe

Société française de nutrition Cahiers de nutrition et de diététique. 2020 Mar., v. 55, no. 1

2020

Abstract: Large interindividual variations in plasma cholesterol are traditionally related to genetic factors and the residual portion of their variance is attributed to environmental factors, including diet. Preclinical studies have suggested that the microbiota ... ...

Abstract	Large interindividual variations in plasma cholesterol are traditionally related to genetic factors and the residual portion of their variance is attributed to environmental factors, including diet. Preclinical studies have suggested that the microbiota plays a key role in inflammatory and metabolic disorders. Alterations in gut microbiota composition in humans have also been linked to a variety of inflammatory/metabolic diseases and epidemiological studies report associations between bacterial phyla and cholesterolemia. Cholesterol metabolism and microbiology are areas of research that display very little overlapping. This association remains largely unexplored although endocrinologist and microbiologist pay much attention to respectively cholesterol-nutrition and nutrition-microbe relationships. The objectives of this review are to present the current knowledge and potential mechanisms underlying this dialogue in order to stimulate research on the prokaryotic world's contribution to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in the host.
Keywords	cholesterol ; cholesterol homeostasis ; diet ; environmental factors ; epidemiological studies ; genetic factors ; humans ; intestinal microorganisms ; metabolic diseases ; variance
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-03
Size	p. 39-46.
Publishing place	Elsevier Masson SAS
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	840946-8
ISSN	0007-9960
ISSN	0007-9960
DOI	10.1016/j.cnd.2019.10.002
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Diurnal Interplay between Epithelium Physiology and Gut Microbiota as a Metronome for Orchestrating Immune and Metabolic Homeostasis.

Martínez-García, Juan Jose / Rainteau, Dominique / Humbert, Lydie / Lamaziere, Antonin / Lesnik, Philippe / Chamaillard, Mathias

Metabolites

2022 Volume 12, Issue 5

Abstract: The behavior and physiology of most organisms are temporally coordinated and aligned with geophysical time by a complex interplay between the master and peripheral clocks. Disruption of such rhythmic physiological activities that are hierarchically ... ...

Abstract	The behavior and physiology of most organisms are temporally coordinated and aligned with geophysical time by a complex interplay between the master and peripheral clocks. Disruption of such rhythmic physiological activities that are hierarchically organized has been linked to a greater risk of developing diseases ranging from cancer to metabolic syndrome. Herein, we summarize the molecular clockwork that is employed by intestinal epithelial cells to anticipate environmental changes such as rhythmic food intake and potentially dangerous environmental stress. We also discuss recent discoveries contributing to our understanding of how a proper rhythm of intestinal stem cells may achieve coherence for the maintenance of tissue integrity. Emerging evidence indicates that the circadian oscillations in the composition of the microbiota may operate as an important metronome for the proper preservation of intestinal physiology and more. Furthermore, in this review, we outline how epigenetic clocks that are based on DNA methylation levels may extensively rewire the clock-controlled functions of the intestinal epithelium that are believed to become arrhythmic during aging.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662251-8
ISSN	2218-1989
ISSN	2218-1989
DOI	10.3390/metabo12050390
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Article: Short-chain fatty acids levels in human milk are not affected by holder pasteurization and high hydrostatic pressure processing.

Marousez, Lucie / Ichou, Farid / Lesnik, Philippe / Tran, Léa Chantal / De Lamballerie, Marie / Gottrand, Frédéric / Ley, Delphine / Lesage, Jean

Frontiers in pediatrics

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1120008

Abstract: Sterilized donor milk (DM) is frequently used for feeding preterm infants. To date, the effect of different modes of DM sterilization on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) remains unknown. We aimed to quantify SCFAs in DM samples after two types of milk ... ...

Abstract	Sterilized donor milk (DM) is frequently used for feeding preterm infants. To date, the effect of different modes of DM sterilization on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) remains unknown. We aimed to quantify SCFAs in DM samples after two types of milk sterilization: the Holder pasteurization (HoP) and a high hydrostatic pressure (HP) processing. Eight pooled DM samples were sterilized by HoP (62.5°C for 30 min) or processed by HP (350 MPa at 38°C). Raw DM was used as control. Six SCFAs were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Compared to raw milk, both HoP and HP treatment did not significantly modulate the concentration of acetate, butyrate, propionate and isovalerate in DM. Valerate and isobutyrate were undetectable in DM samples. In conclusion, both HoP and HP processing preserved milk SCFAs at their initial levels in raw human milk.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711999-3
ISSN	2296-2360
ISSN	2296-2360
DOI	10.3389/fped.2023.1120008
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Article ; Online: Establishing a multi-specialty consensus in the clinical need for hypercholesterolemia management and its implication for patients access to innovative therapies.

Boccara, Franck / Sabouret, Pierre / Boileau, Catherine / Georges, Jean-Louis / Leclercq, Christophe / Lesnik, Philippe / Bruckert, Eric

Panminerva medica

2023 Volume 66, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–26

Abstract: Background: Increased level of blood LDL-C has a causal and cumulative effect on advancing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). European guidelines for treating high LDL-C levels have been recently updated. However, in France, several ... ...

Abstract	Background: Increased level of blood LDL-C has a causal and cumulative effect on advancing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). European guidelines for treating high LDL-C levels have been recently updated. However, in France, several challenges (e.g., physician and patient awareness, healthcare management) limit the application of management guidelines. The aim of this study was to understand the current opinions and perceived unmet clinical needs in recognising and managing hypercholesterolemia as an ASCVD risk factor, and to explore consensus around factors that support the effective management of elevated LDL-C. Methods: An expert group of cardiologists, endocrinologists, biology/genetics researchers, and a health technology assessments expert, from France was convened. The current management of hypercholesterolemia and barriers to achieving LDL-C goals in France were discussed and 44 statements were developed. Wider consensus was assessed by sending the statements as a 4-point Likert Scale questionnaire to cardiologists and endocrinologists across France. The consensus threshold was defined as ≥75%. Results: A total of 101 responses were received. Consensus was very high (>90%) in 25 (57%) statements, high (≥75%) in 18 (41%) statements and was not achieved (<75%) only in 1 (2%) of statements. Overall, 43 statements achieved consensus. Conclusions: Based on consensus levels, key recommendations for improving current guidelines and approaches to care have been developed. Implementation of these recommendations will lead to better concordance with international treatment guidelines and increase levels of education for healthcare practitioners and patients. In turn, this will improve the available treatment pathways for cardiovascular diseases, potentially creating improved patient outcomes in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/diagnosis ; Hypercholesterolemia/therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Consensus ; Atherosclerosis ; Therapies, Investigational
Chemical Substances	Cholesterol, LDL
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-18
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123572-2
ISSN	1827-1898 ; 0031-0808
ISSN (online)	1827-1898
ISSN	0031-0808
DOI	10.23736/S0031-0808.23.04999-6
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Article ; Online: Identification of the specific molecular and functional signatures of pre-beta-HDL: relevance to cardiovascular disease.

Guillas, Isabelle / Lhomme, Marie / Pionneau, Cédric / Matheron, Lucrèce / Ponnaiah, Maharajah / Galier, Sophie / Lebreton, Sandrine / Delbos, Marie / Ma, Feng / Darabi, Maryam / Khoury, Petra El / Abifadel, Marianne / Couvert, Philippe / Giral, Philippe / Lesnik, Philippe / Guerin, Maryse / Le Goff, Wilfried / Kontush, Anatol

Basic research in cardiology

2023 Volume 118, Issue 1, Page(s) 33

Abstract: While low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) are widely accepted as an independent cardiovascular risk factor, HDL-C-rising therapies largely failed, suggesting the importance of both HDL functions and individual subspecies. ... ...

Abstract	While low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) are widely accepted as an independent cardiovascular risk factor, HDL-C-rising therapies largely failed, suggesting the importance of both HDL functions and individual subspecies. Indeed HDL particles are highly heterogeneous, with small, dense pre-beta-HDLs being considered highly biologically active but remaining poorly studied, largely reflecting difficulties for their purification. We developed an original experimental approach allowing the isolation of sufficient amounts of human pre-beta-HDLs and revealing the specificity of their proteomic and lipidomic profiles and biological activities. Pre-beta-HDLs were enriched in highly poly-unsaturated species of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine, and in an unexpectedly high number of proteins implicated in the inflammatory response, including serum paraoxonase/arylesterase-1, vitronectin and clusterin, as well as in complement regulation and immunity, including haptoglobin-related protein, complement proteins and those of the immunoglobulin class. Interestingly, amongst proteins associated with lipid metabolism, phospholipid transfer protein, cholesteryl ester transfer protein and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase were strongly enriched in, or restricted to, pre-beta-HDL. Furthermore, pre-beta-HDL potently mediated cellular cholesterol efflux and displayed strong anti-inflammatory activities. A correlational network analysis between lipidome, proteome and biological activities highlighted 15 individual lipid and protein components of pre-beta-HDL relevant to cardiovascular disease, which may constitute novel diagnostic targets in a pathological context of altered lipoprotein metabolism.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Proteomics ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Heart Disease Risk Factors ; Lipid Metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cholesterol, HDL
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-28
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	189755-x
ISSN	1435-1803 ; 0300-8428 ; 0175-9418
ISSN (online)	1435-1803
ISSN	0300-8428 ; 0175-9418
DOI	10.1007/s00395-023-01004-2
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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "Phospholipid transfer to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) upon triglyceride lipolysis is directly correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels and is not associated with cardiovascular risk" [Atherosclerosis 324C (2021) 1-8].

Ma, Feng / Darabi, Maryam / Lhomme, Marie / Tubeuf, Emilie / Canicio, Aurélie / Brerault, Jean / Medadje, Narcisse / Rached, Fabiana / Lebreton, Sandrine / Frisdal, Eric / Brites, Fernando / Serrano, Carlos / Santos, Raul / Gautier, Emmanuel / Huby, Thierry / El Khoury, Petra / Carrié, Alain / Abifadel, Marianne / Bruckert, Eric /

Guerin, Maryse / Couvert, Philippe / Giral, Philippe / Lesnik, Philippe / Le Goff, Wilfried / Guillas, Isabelle / Kontush, Anatol

Atherosclerosis

2023 Volume 372, Page(s) 57

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-03
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	80061-2
ISSN	1879-1484 ; 0021-9150
ISSN (online)	1879-1484
ISSN	0021-9150
DOI	10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.018
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Article ; Online: Targeted delivery of LXR-agonists to atherosclerotic lesions mediated by polydiacetylene micelles.

Jamgotchian, Lucie / Devel, Laurent / Thai, Robert / Poupel, Lucie / Huby, Thierry / Gautier, Emmanuel / Le Goff, Wilfried / Lesnik, Philippe / Gravel, Edmond / Doris, Eric

Nanoscale

2023 Volume 15, Issue 46, Page(s) 18864–18870

Abstract: We report the development of compact and stabilized micelles incorporating a synthetic LXR agonist prodrug for the passive targeting of atherosclerotic lesions and therapeutic intervention. ...

Abstract	We report the development of compact and stabilized micelles incorporating a synthetic LXR agonist prodrug for the passive targeting of atherosclerotic lesions and therapeutic intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Micelles ; Liver X Receptors/therapeutic use ; Tissue Distribution ; Atherosclerosis/drug therapy ; Atherosclerosis/pathology
Chemical Substances	Micelles ; polydiacetylene (27987-87-7) ; Liver X Receptors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2515664-0
ISSN	2040-3372 ; 2040-3364
ISSN (online)	2040-3372
ISSN	2040-3364
DOI	10.1039/d3nr04778d
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Article ; Online: Impaired metabolism predicts coronary artery calcification in women with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Urbain, Fanny / Ponnaiah, Maharajah / Ichou, Farid / Lhomme, Marie / Materne, Clément / Galier, Sophie / Haroche, Julien / Frisdal, Eric / Mathian, Alexis / Durand, Herve / Pha, Micheline / Hie, Miguel / Kontush, Anatol / Cluzel, Philippe / Lesnik, Philippe / Amoura, Zahir / Guerin, Maryse / Cohen Aubart, Fleur / Le Goff, Wilfried

EBioMedicine

2023 Volume 96, Page(s) 104802

Abstract: Background: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit a high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which is not fully explained by the classical Framingham risk factors. SLE is characterized by major metabolic alterations which can ... ...

Abstract	Background: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit a high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which is not fully explained by the classical Framingham risk factors. SLE is characterized by major metabolic alterations which can contribute to the elevated prevalence of CVD. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of the circulating metabolome and lipidome was conducted in a large cohort of 211 women with SLE who underwent a multi-detector computed tomography scan for quantification of coronary artery calcium (CAC), a robust predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD). Findings: Beyond traditional risk factors, including age and hypertension, disease activity and duration were independent risk factors for developing CAC in women with SLE. The presence of coronary calcium was associated with major alterations of circulating lipidome dominated by an elevated abundance of ceramides with very long chain fatty acids. Alterations in multiple metabolic pathways, including purine, arginine and proline metabolism, and microbiota-derived metabolites, were also associated with CAC in women with SLE. Logistic regression with bootstrapping of lipidomic and metabolomic variables were used to develop prognostic scores. Strikingly, combining metabolic and lipidomic variables with clinical and biological parameters markedly improved the prediction (area under the curve: 0.887, p < 0.001) of the presence of coronary calcium in women with SLE. Interpretation: The present study uncovers the contribution of disturbed metabolism to the presence of coronary artery calcium and the associated risk of CHD in SLE. Identification of novel lipid and metabolite biomarkers may help stratifying patients for reducing CVD morbidity and mortality in SLE. Funding: INSERM and Sorbonne Université.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2851331-9
ISSN	2352-3964
ISSN (online)	2352-3964
DOI	10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104802
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Article: Exploring the Bacterial Impact on Cholesterol Cycle: A Numerical Study.

Bourgin, Mélanie / Labarthe, Simon / Kriaa, Aicha / Lhomme, Marie / Gérard, Philippe / Lesnik, Philippe / Laroche, Béatrice / Maguin, Emmanuelle / Rhimi, Moez

Frontiers in microbiology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 1121

Abstract: High blood cholesterol levels are often associated with cardiovascular diseases. Therapeutic strategies, targeting different functions involved in cholesterol transport or synthesis, were developed to control cholesterolemia in human. However, the gut ... ...

Abstract	High blood cholesterol levels are often associated with cardiovascular diseases. Therapeutic strategies, targeting different functions involved in cholesterol transport or synthesis, were developed to control cholesterolemia in human. However, the gut microbiota is also involved in cholesterol regulation by direct biotransformation of luminal cholesterol or conversion of bile salts, opening the way to the design of new strategies to manage cholesterol level. In this report, we developed for the first time a whole-body human model of cholesterol metabolism including the gut microbiota in order to investigate the relative impact of host and microbial pathways. We first used an animal model to investigate the ingested cholesterol distribution
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2020.01121
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Article: Gut Microbiome and Space Travelers' Health: State of the Art and Possible Pro/Prebiotic Strategies for Long-Term Space Missions.

Turroni, Silvia / Magnani, Marciane / Kc, Pukar / Lesnik, Philippe / Vidal, Hubert / Heer, Martina

Frontiers in physiology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 553929

Abstract: The upcoming exploration missions will imply a much longer duration than any of the missions flown so far. In these missions, physiological adaptation to the new environment leads to changes in different body systems, such as the cardiovascular and ... ...

Abstract	The upcoming exploration missions will imply a much longer duration than any of the missions flown so far. In these missions, physiological adaptation to the new environment leads to changes in different body systems, such as the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems, metabolic and neurobehavioral health and immune function. To keep space travelers healthy on their trip to Moon, Mars and beyond and their return to Earth, a variety of countermeasures need to be provided to maintain body functionality. From research on the International Space Station (ISS) we know today, that for instance prescribing an adequate training regime for each individual with the devices available in the respective spacecraft is still a challenge. Nutrient supply is not yet optimal and must be optimized in exploration missions. Food intake is intrinsically linked to changes in the gut microbiome composition. Most of the microbes that inhabit our body supply ecosystem benefit to the host-microbe system, including production of important resources, bioconversion of nutrients, and protection against pathogenic microbes. The gut microbiome has also the ability to signal the host, regulating the processes of energy storage and appetite perception, and influencing immune and neurobehavioral function. The composition and functionality of the microbiome most likely changes during spaceflight. Supporting a healthy microbiome by respective measures in space travelers might maintain their health during the mission but also support rehabilitation when being back on Earth. In this review we are summarizing the changes in the gut microbiome observed in spaceflight and analog models, focusing particularly on the effects on metabolism, the musculoskeletal and immune systems and neurobehavioral disorders. Since space travelers are healthy volunteers, we focus on the potential of countermeasures based on pre- and probiotics supplements.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2020.553929
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