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Article: Understanding cardiopulmonary interactions through esophageal pressure monitoring.

Spinelli, Elena / Scaramuzzo, Gaetano / Slobod, Douglas / Mauri, Tommaso

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1221829

Abstract: Esophageal pressure is the closest estimate of pleural pressure. Changes in esophageal pressure reflect changes in intrathoracic pressure and affect transpulmonary pressure, both of which have multiple effects on right and left ventricular performance. ... ...

Abstract	Esophageal pressure is the closest estimate of pleural pressure. Changes in esophageal pressure reflect changes in intrathoracic pressure and affect transpulmonary pressure, both of which have multiple effects on right and left ventricular performance. During passive breathing, increasing esophageal pressure is associated with lower venous return and higher right ventricular afterload and lower left ventricular afterload and oxygen consumption. In spontaneously breathing patients, negative pleural pressure swings increase venous return, while right heart afterload increases as in passive conditions; for the left ventricle, end-diastolic pressure is increased potentially favoring lung edema. Esophageal pressure monitoring represents a simple bedside method to estimate changes in pleural pressure and can advance our understanding of the cardiovascular performance of critically ill patients undergoing passive or assisted ventilation and guide physiologically personalized treatments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2023.1221829
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Halloysite Nanotubes and Sepiolite for Health Applications.

Biddeci, Giuseppa / Spinelli, Gaetano / Colomba, Paolo / Di Blasi, Francesco

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 5

Abstract: The need for safe, therapeutically effective, and patient-compliant drug delivery systems continuously leads researchers to design novel tools and strategies. Clay minerals are widely used in drug products both as excipients and active agents but, in ... ...

Abstract	The need for safe, therapeutically effective, and patient-compliant drug delivery systems continuously leads researchers to design novel tools and strategies. Clay minerals are widely used in drug products both as excipients and active agents but, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in research aimed at the development of new organic or inorganic nanocomposites. The attention of the scientific community has been drawn by nanoclays, thanks to their natural origin, worldwide abundance, availability, sustainability, and biocompatibility. In this review, we focused our attention on the studies inherent to the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of halloysite and sepiolite, and their semi-synthetic or synthetic derivatives, as drug delivery systems. After having described the structure of both materials and their biocompatibility, we delineate the use of the nanoclays to enhance the stability, the controlled release, the bioavailability, and the adsorption properties of drugs. Several types of surface functionalization have been discussed, showing that these materials could be used for the development of an innovative therapeutic approach.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Clay/chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Magnesium Silicates ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Nanotubes/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Clay (T1FAD4SS2M) ; magnesium trisilicate (C2E1CI501T) ; Magnesium Silicates ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24054801
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Article ; Online: Sanctuaries are not inviolable: Haplosporidium pinnae as responsible for the collapse of the Pinna nobilis population in Lake Faro (central Mediterranean).

Donato, Gemma / Lunetta, Alessia / Spinelli, Andrea / Catanese, Gaetano / Giacobbe, Salvatore

Journal of invertebrate pathology

2023 Volume 201, Page(s) 108014

Abstract: The rapid spread of the protozoan Haplosporidium pinnae is having a strong negative effect on Pinna nobilis populations. A case study on a residual population in Lake Faro (Sicily, Central Mediterranean), whose long-term monitoring has revealed a ... ...

Abstract	The rapid spread of the protozoan Haplosporidium pinnae is having a strong negative effect on Pinna nobilis populations. A case study on a residual population in Lake Faro (Sicily, Central Mediterranean), whose long-term monitoring has revealed a dramatic decline following the 2018-2020 mass mortality event, is presented. In the framework of such monitoring, we performed tissue sampling on nine living P. nobilis, detecting the pathogen in seven of them. In contrast, other pathogens associated with P. nobilis disease in other areas, i.e., Mycobacterium spp. and Vibrio mediterranei, were not recorded. The surviving individuals (approximately twenty) showed that brackish areas only weakly mitigate the effects of H. pinnae disease and might not be resolutive. Nevertheless, the results show that Lake Faro may constitute one of the last Mediterranean P. nobilis sanctuaries.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Lakes ; Bivalvia/microbiology ; Mycobacterium ; Haplosporida
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390885-9
ISSN	1096-0805 ; 0022-2011
ISSN (online)	1096-0805
ISSN	0022-2011
DOI	10.1016/j.jip.2023.108014
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Article ; Online: Halloysite Nanotubes and Sepiolite for Health Applications

Giuseppa Biddeci / Gaetano Spinelli / Paolo Colomba / Francesco Di Blasi

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 4801, p

2023 Volume 4801

Abstract	The need for safe, therapeutically effective, and patient-compliant drug delivery systems continuously leads researchers to design novel tools and strategies. Clay minerals are widely used in drug products both as excipients and active agents but, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in research aimed at the development of new organic or inorganic nanocomposites. The attention of the scientific community has been drawn by nanoclays, thanks to their natural origin, worldwide abundance, availability, sustainability, and biocompatibility. In this review, we focused our attention on the studies inherent to the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of halloysite and sepiolite, and their semi-synthetic or synthetic derivatives, as drug delivery systems. After having described the structure of both materials and their biocompatibility, we delineate the use of the nanoclays to enhance the stability, the controlled release, the bioavailability, and the adsorption properties of drugs. Several types of surface functionalization have been discussed, showing that these materials could be used for the development of an innovative therapeutic approach.
Keywords	halloysite ; sepiolite ; clay minerals ; drug delivery ; nanomaterials ; biomedical application ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Redistribution of Perfusion by Prone Positioning Improves Shunt in a Patient with Unilateral Lung Injury.

Slobod, Douglas / Spinelli, Elena / Scaramuzzo, Gaetano / Lissoni, Alfredo / Grasselli, Giacomo / Mauri, Tommaso

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

2022

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1180953-x
ISSN	1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
ISSN (online)	1535-4970
ISSN	0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
DOI	10.1164/rccm.202206-1060IM
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Article ; Online: Nanomaterials: A Review about Halloysite Nanotubes, Properties, and Application in the Biological Field.

Biddeci, Giuseppa / Spinelli, Gaetano / Colomba, Paolo / Di Blasi, Francesco

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 19

Abstract: The use of synthetic materials and the attention towards environmental hazards and toxicity impose the development of green composites with natural origins. Clay is one of the candidates for this approach. Halloysite is a natural clay mineral, a member ... ...

Abstract	The use of synthetic materials and the attention towards environmental hazards and toxicity impose the development of green composites with natural origins. Clay is one of the candidates for this approach. Halloysite is a natural clay mineral, a member of the Kaolin group, with characteristic tubular morphology, usually named halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). The different surface chemistry of halloysite allows the selective modification of both the external surface and the inner lumen by supramolecular or covalent interactions. An interesting aspect of HNTs is related to the possibility of introducing different species that can be released more slowly compared to the pristine compound. Due to their unique hollow morphology and large cavity, HNTs can be employed as an optimal natural nanocarrier. This review discusses the structure, properties, and application of HNTs in the biological field, highlighting their high biocompatibility, and analyse the opportunity to use new HNT hybrids as drug carriers and delivery systems.
MeSH term(s)	Clay/chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Kaolin ; Minerals ; Nanotubes/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Drug Carriers ; Minerals ; Kaolin (24H4NWX5CO) ; Clay (T1FAD4SS2M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms231911518
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Article: Tako-Tsubo syndrome in patients with COVID-19: a single centre retrospective case series.

Alonzo, Alessandro / Di Fusco, Stefania Angela / Castello, Lorenzo / Matteucci, Andrea / Spinelli, Antonella / Marino, Gaetano / Aquilani, Stefano / Imperoli, Giuseppe / Colivicchi, Furio

Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace

2023

Abstract: Growing evidence shows that COVID-19 is associated with an increase in Tako-Tsubo syndrome (TTS) incidence. We collected data from patients hospitalized in our multidisciplinary COVID-19 department who had a diagnosis of TTS during the second and third ... ...

Abstract	Growing evidence shows that COVID-19 is associated with an increase in Tako-Tsubo syndrome (TTS) incidence. We collected data from patients hospitalized in our multidisciplinary COVID-19 department who had a diagnosis of TTS during the second and third wave of the pandemic in Italy. We reported four cases of TTS associated with COVID-19. No patient had any classical trigger for TTS except for COVID-19. Mean age was 72 years (67-81) and all patients had a SARS-CoV-2-related interstitial pneumonia confirmed by computed tomography. Typical apical ballooning and transitory reduction in left ventricle (LV) systolic function with a complete recovery before discharge were observed in all patients. The mean LV ejection fraction (LVEF) at TTS onset was 42% (40-48%). ECG showed ST-segment elevation in two cases, while an evolution with negative T waves and QTc prolongation was observed in all patients. Three patients underwent coronary angiography. Two patients had Alzheimer's disease. The time interval from hospital admission to TTS onset was 4 (2-6) days, and the time interval from COVID-19 symptom onset to TTS diagnosis was 10 (8-12) days. COVID-19 may be a trigger for TTS, though TTS pathophysiology in COVID-19 patients remains unclear, likely due to its multifactorial nature.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-05
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1160940-0
ISSN	1122-0643 ; 1120-0391
ISSN	1122-0643 ; 1120-0391
DOI	10.4081/monaldi.2023.2675
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Article ; Online: Effects of PEEP on regional ventilation-perfusion mismatch in the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Pavlovsky, Bertrand / Pesenti, Antonio / Spinelli, Elena / Scaramuzzo, Gaetano / Marongiu, Ines / Tagliabue, Paola / Spadaro, Savino / Grasselli, Giacomo / Mercat, Alain / Mauri, Tommaso

Critical care (London, England)

2022 Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 211

Abstract: Purpose: In the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), decreasing Ventilation-Perfusion [Formula: see text] mismatch might enhance lung protection. We investigated the regional effects of higher Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) on [Formula: ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: In the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), decreasing Ventilation-Perfusion [Formula: see text] mismatch might enhance lung protection. We investigated the regional effects of higher Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) on [Formula: see text] mismatch and their correlation with recruitability. We aimed to verify whether PEEP improves regional [Formula: see text] mismatch, and to study the underlying mechanisms. Methods: In fifteen patients with moderate and severe ARDS, two PEEP levels (5 and 15 cmH Results: In the non-dependent region, at higher PEEP, ventilation reaching the normal [Formula: see text] compartment (p = 0.018) increased, while it decreased in the high [Formula: see text] one (p = 0.023). In the middle region, at PEEP 15 cmH Conclusions: In patients with ARDS, higher PEEP optimizes the distribution of both ventilation (in the non-dependent areas) and perfusion (in the middle and dependent lung). Bedside measure of recruitability is associated with improved [Formula: see text] mismatch.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lung ; Perfusion ; Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041406-7
ISSN	1466-609X ; 1364-8535
ISSN (online)	1466-609X
ISSN	1364-8535
DOI	10.1186/s13054-022-04085-y
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Article ; Online: Surgery in ulcerative colitis: When? How?

Gallo, Gaetano / Kotze, Paulo Gustavo / Spinelli, Antonino

Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology

2018 Volume 32-33, Page(s) 71–78

Abstract: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an idiopathic chronically-remitting inflammatory bowel disorder characterized by a contiguous inflammation of the colonic mucosa affecting the rectum that generally extends proximally in a continuous manner through the entire ... ...

Abstract	Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an idiopathic chronically-remitting inflammatory bowel disorder characterized by a contiguous inflammation of the colonic mucosa affecting the rectum that generally extends proximally in a continuous manner through the entire colon. Patients typically experience intermittent exacerbations, with symptoms characterized by bloody diarrhea associated with urgency and tenesmus. The anatomical extent of mucosal involvement is the most important factor determining disease course and is an important predictor of colectomy. The precise etiology of UC is unknown. However, a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors seems to have a key role in the development of the disease. UC usually is mildly active but it can be a life-threatening condition because of colonic and systemic complications, and later in the disease course due to the development of colorectal cancer. Interestingly, even if pathogenetic features detected in patients with sporadic CRC can be also found in UC-related colorectal cancer (UC-CRC), this latter is, usually, driven by an inflammation-driven pathway rising from a non-neoplastic inflammatory epithelium to dysplasia to cancer. Thus, a long-term follow-up with colonoscopy surveillance has been recommended. Approximately 15% of UC patients develop an acute attack of severe colitis, and 30% of these patients require colectomy. The initial treatment strategy in UC typically follows the traditional step-up approach. One third of the patients will not respond to steroid therapy and cyclosporine and infliximab are the most common salvage agents employed in these cases in order to avoid emergent surgery. Unfortunately, although a significant short-term benefit have been observed after infliximab treatment, the colectomy rate have remained stable. Surgery in UC depends on the stage of the disease as well as patient's status and is divided into the following settings: urgent, emergent and elective. Despite many efforts the surgical management of UC remains a significant challenge. A multidisciplinary management of UC is key in order to define the best timing and the best procedure for each patient in an individualized basis.
MeSH term(s)	Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology ; Colitis, Ulcerative/surgery ; Colonoscopy/methods ; Disease Progression ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2048181-0
ISSN	1532-1916 ; 1521-6918
ISSN (online)	1532-1916
ISSN	1521-6918
DOI	10.1016/j.bpg.2018.05.017
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Article ; Online: Asymptomatic carotid stenosis and cognitive impairment.

Paraskevas, Kosmas I / Mikhailidis, Dimitri P / Spinelli, Francesco / Faggioli, Gianluca / Saba, Luca / Silvestrini, Mauro / Svetlikov, Alexei / Stilo, Francesco / Pini, Rodolfo / Myrcha, Piotr / DI Lazzaro, Vincenzo / Antignani, Pier L / Poredos, Pavel / Lanza, Gaetano

The Journal of cardiovascular surgery

2023 Volume 64, Issue 2, Page(s) 167–173

Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this review was to assess the evidence supporting an association between asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) with impaired cognitive function due to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and/or silent cerebral embolization.: Evidence ...

Abstract	Introduction: The aim of this review was to assess the evidence supporting an association between asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) with impaired cognitive function due to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and/or silent cerebral embolization. Evidence acquisition: PubMed/Medline, Embase and the Cochrane databases were searched up to December 1, 2022 to identify studies focusing on the association between ACS and cognitive function, as well as the mechanisms involved. Evidence synthesis: A total of 49 studies were identified. The evidence supports an association between ACS and progressive cognitive deterioration. The mechanisms involved in the cognitive decline associated with ACS include cerebral hypoperfusion and silent cerebral embolization. Irrespective of the mechanism involved, severe ACS is associated with a progressive decline in several aspects of cognitive function, including global cognition, memory and executive function. Conclusions: Patients with ACS are at increased risk of developing a progressive decline in their cognitive function. The evidence from the present systematic review suggests that it may be inappropriate to consider ACS patients developing cognitive dysfunction as "asymptomatic". Besides stroke, myocardial infarction and death rates, future studies should include evaluation of cognitive function as part of their outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Carotid Stenosis/complications ; Carotid Stenosis/diagnostic imaging ; Risk Factors ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/complications ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/etiology ; Cognition ; Asymptomatic Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-15
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80143-4
ISSN	1827-191X ; 0021-9509
ISSN (online)	1827-191X
ISSN	0021-9509
DOI	10.23736/S0021-9509.23.12620-6
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