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Article ; Online: Characterization of prostate cancer with MR spectroscopic imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging at 3 Tesla.

Mazaheri, Yousef / Shukla-Dave, Amita / Goldman, Debra A / Moskowitz, Chaya S / Takeda, Toshikazu / Reuter, Victor E / Akin, Oguz / Hricak, Hedvig

Magnetic resonance imaging

2018 Volume 55, Page(s) 93–102

Abstract: Purpose: To retrospectively measure metabolic ratios and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from 3-Tesla MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in benign and malignant peripheral zone (PZ) prostate tissue, assess ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To retrospectively measure metabolic ratios and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from 3-Tesla MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in benign and malignant peripheral zone (PZ) prostate tissue, assess the parameters' associations with malignancy, and develop and test rules for classifying benign and malignant PZ tissue using whole-mount step-section pathology as the reference standard. Methods: This HIPAA-compliant, IRB-approved study included 67 men (median age, 61 years; range, 41-74 years) with biopsy-proven prostate cancer who underwent preoperative 3 T endorectal multiparametric MRI and had ≥1 PZ lesion >0.1 cm Results: CART analysis of all parameters identified only ADC and (choline + polyamines + creatine)/citrate as significant predictors of cancer. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 0.81 and 0.82 with MRSI-derived, 0.98 and 0.51 with DWI-derived, and 0.79 and 0.90 with MRSI + DWI-derived classification rules. Areas under the curves (AUC) in the test set were 0.93 (0.87-0.97) with ADC, 0.82 (0.72-0.91) with MRSI, and 0.96 (0.92-0.99) with MRSI + ADC. Conclusion: We developed statistically-based rules for identifying PZ cancer using 3-Tesla MRSI, DWI, and MRSI + DWI and demonstrated the potential value of MRSI + DWI.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Area Under Curve ; Biopsy ; Choline/metabolism ; Creatine/metabolism ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Chemical Substances	Creatine (MU72812GK0) ; Choline (N91BDP6H0X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	604885-7
ISSN	1873-5894 ; 0730-725X
ISSN (online)	1873-5894
ISSN	0730-725X
DOI	10.1016/j.mri.2018.08.025
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Article ; Online: RNA-seq analysis of impact of PNN on gene expression and alternative splicing in corneal epithelial cells.

Akin, Debra / Newman, Jeremy R B / McIntyre, Lauren M / Sugrue, Stephen P

Molecular vision

2016 Volume 22, Page(s) 40–60

Abstract: Purpose: The specialized corneal epithelium requires differentiated properties, specific for its role at the anterior surface of the eye. Thus, tight maintenance of the differentiated qualities of the corneal epithelial is essential. Pinin (PNN) is an ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The specialized corneal epithelium requires differentiated properties, specific for its role at the anterior surface of the eye. Thus, tight maintenance of the differentiated qualities of the corneal epithelial is essential. Pinin (PNN) is an exon junction component (EJC) that has dramatic implications for corneal epithelial cell differentiation and may act as a stabilizer of the corneal epithelial cell phenotype. Our studies revealed that PNN is involved in transcriptional repression complexes and spliceosomal complexes, placing PNN at the fulcrum between chromatin and mRNA splicing. Transcriptome analysis of PNN-knockdown cells revealed clear and reproducible alterations in transcript profiles and splicing patterns of a subset of genes that would significantly impact the epithelial cell phenotype. We further investigated PNN's role in the regulation of gene expression and alternative splicing (AS) in a corneal epithelial context. Methods: Human corneal epithelial (HCET) cells that carry the doxycycline-inducible PNN-knockdown shRNA vector were used to perform RNA-seq to determine differential gene expression and differential AS events. Results: Multiple genes and AS events were identified as differentially expressed between PNN-knockdown and control cells. Genes upregulated by PNN knockdown included a large proportion of genes that are associated with enhanced cell migration and ECM remodeling processes, such as MMPs, ADAMs, HAS2, LAMA3, CXCRs, and UNC5C. Genes downregulated in response to PNN depletion included IGFBP5, FGD3, FGFR2, PAX6, RARG, and SOX10. AS events in PNN-knockdown cells compared to control cells were also more likely to be detected, and upregulated. In particular, 60% of exon-skipping events, detected in only one condition, were detected in PNN-knockdown cells and of the shared exon-skipping events, 92% of those differentially expressed were more frequent in the PNN knockdown. Conclusions: These data suggest that lowering of PNN levels in epithelial cells results in dramatic transformation in the number and composition of splicing variants and that PNN plays a crucial role in the selection of which RNA isoforms differentiating cells produce. Many of the genes affected by PNN knockdown are known to affect the epithelial phenotype. This window into the complexity of RNA splicing in the corneal epithelium implies that PNN exerts broad influence over the regulation and maintenance of the epithelial cell phenotype.
MeSH term(s)	Alternative Splicing/genetics ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelium, Corneal/cytology ; Epithelium, Corneal/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Gene Expression Regulation/physiology ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods
Chemical Substances	Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Nuclear Proteins ; PNN protein, human ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Matrix Metalloproteinases (EC 3.4.24.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2017540-1
ISSN	1090-0535 ; 1090-0535
ISSN (online)	1090-0535
ISSN	1090-0535
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Donor Livers for Transplantation in the United States: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Chapman, William C / Barbas, Andrew S / D'Alessandro, Anthony M / Vianna, Rodrigo / Kubal, Chandrashekhar A / Abt, Peter / Sonnenday, Christopher / Barth, Rolf / Alvarez-Casas, Josue / Yersiz, Hasan / Eckhoff, Devin / Cannon, Robert / Genyk, Yuri / Sher, Linda / Singer, Andrew / Feng, Sandy / Roll, Garrett / Cohen, Ari / Doyle, Maria B /

Sudan, Debra L / Al-Adra, David / Khan, Adeel / Subramanian, Vijay / Abraham, Nader / Olthoff, Kim / Tekin, Akin / Berg, Lynn / Coussios, Constantin / Morris, Chris / Randle, Lucy / Friend, Peter / Knechtle, Stuart J

Annals of surgery

2023 Volume 278, Issue 5, Page(s) e912–e921

Abstract: Objective: To compare conventional low-temperature storage of transplant donor livers [static cold storage (SCS)] with storage of the organs at physiological body temperature [normothermic machine perfusion (NMP)].: Background: The high success rate ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To compare conventional low-temperature storage of transplant donor livers [static cold storage (SCS)] with storage of the organs at physiological body temperature [normothermic machine perfusion (NMP)]. Background: The high success rate of liver transplantation is constrained by the shortage of transplantable organs (eg, waiting list mortality >20% in many centers). NMP maintains the liver in a functioning state to improve preservation quality and enable testing of the organ before transplantation. This is of greatest potential value with organs from brain-dead donor organs (DBD) with risk factors (age and comorbidities), and those from donors declared dead by cardiovascular criteria (donation after circulatory death). Methods: Three hundred eighty-three donor organs were randomized by 15 US liver transplant centers to undergo NMP (n = 192) or SCS (n = 191). Two hundred sixty-six donor livers proceeded to transplantation (NMP: n = 136; SCS: n = 130). The primary endpoint of the study was "early allograft dysfunction" (EAD), a marker of early posttransplant liver injury and function. Results: The difference in the incidence of EAD did not achieve significance, with 20.6% (NMP) versus 23.7% (SCS). Using exploratory, "as-treated" rather than "intent-to-treat," subgroup analyses, there was a greater effect size in donation after circulatory death donor livers (22.8% NMP vs 44.6% SCS) and in organs in the highest risk quartile by donor risk (19.2% NMP vs 33.3% SCS). The incidence of acute cardiovascular decompensation at organ reperfusion, "postreperfusion syndrome," as a secondary outcome was reduced in the NMP arm (5.9% vs 14.6%). Conclusions: NMP did not lower EAD, perhaps related to the inclusion of lower-risk liver donors, as higher-risk donor livers seemed to benefit more. The technology is safe in standard organ recovery and seems to have the greatest benefit for marginal donors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	340-2
ISSN	1528-1140 ; 0003-4932
ISSN (online)	1528-1140
ISSN	0003-4932
DOI	10.1097/SLA.0000000000005934
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Article ; Online: Comparison of prostate volume measured by endorectal coil MRI to prostate specimen volume and mass after radical prostatectomy.

Mazaheri, Yousef / Goldman, Debra A / Di Paolo, Pier Luigi / Akin, Oguz / Hricak, Hedvig

Academic radiology

2015 Volume 22, Issue 5, Page(s) 556–562

Abstract: Rationale and objectives: To compare prostate volume measurements from 3-Tesla endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging (ERC MRI) obtained with the prolate ellipsoid volume formula (EVF) and volumetry to pathology-based volume measurements.: Methods! ...

Abstract	Rationale and objectives: To compare prostate volume measurements from 3-Tesla endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging (ERC MRI) obtained with the prolate ellipsoid volume formula (EVF) and volumetry to pathology-based volume measurements. Methods: The institutional review board waived informed consent for this retrospective, health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPAA) compliant study, which included 195 patients who underwent 3-T ERC MRI between January 2008 and October 2011 and had pathologic prostate measurements available. Two readers in consensus measured the prostate length, height, and width on each MRI. They estimated prostate volumes using the prolate EVF (length × height × width × [π/6]) and also by performing three-dimensional volumetry. Pathologic specimen mass and dimensions were used to calculate prostate volume. Agreement was measured with Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Volume differences were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correct prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density classification rates were compared between EVF-based and volumetry-based PSA density levels using the exact McNemar test, with pathology-based PSA density as the reference standard. Results: Concordance was high between EVF and volumetry measurements (CCC, 0.950 [95% confidence interval, 0.935-0.962]) and between both kinds of MRI measurements and pathology (both CCC > 0.80). Based on a cut-off of ≤0.15 ng/mL/cm(3), use of EVF-based volume produced correct classification of 46 of 48 PSA density levels >15 ng/mL/cm(3) and 113 of 147 PSA density levels ≤15 ng/mL/cm(3); use of volumetry-based volume produced correct classification of 47 of 48 PSA density levels >15 ng/mL/cm(3) and 121 of 147 PSA density levels ≤15 ng/mL/cm(3). Rates of underclassification (P > .95) and overclassification (P = .10) did not differ significantly between EVF and volumetry. Conclusions: EVF appears to be suitable for measuring prostate volume from ERC-MRI.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Burden
Chemical Substances	Prostate-Specific Antigen (EC 3.4.21.77)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1355509-1
ISSN	1878-4046 ; 1076-6332
ISSN (online)	1878-4046
ISSN	1076-6332
DOI	10.1016/j.acra.2015.01.003
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Article ; Online: Somatic mutations as preoperative predictors of metastases in patients with localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma - An exploratory analysis.

Mano, Roy / Duzgol, Cihan / Ganat, Maz / Goldman, Debra A / Blum, Kyle A / Silagy, Andrew W / Walasek, Aleksandra / Sanchez, Alejandro / DiNatale, Renzo G / Marcon, Julian / Kashan, Mahyar / Becerra, Maria F / Benfante, Nicole E / Coleman, Jonathan A / Kattan, Michael W / Russo, Paul / Akin, Oguz / Ostrovnaya, Irina / Hakimi, A Ari

Urologic oncology

2021 Volume 39, Issue 11, Page(s) 791.e17–791.e24

Abstract: Objective: Recurrent genomic alterations in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have been associated with treatment outcomes; however, current preoperative predictive models do not include known genetic predictors. We aimed to explore the value of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Recurrent genomic alterations in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have been associated with treatment outcomes; however, current preoperative predictive models do not include known genetic predictors. We aimed to explore the value of common somatic mutations in the preoperative prediction of metastatic disease among patients treated for localized ccRCC. Materials and methods: After obtaining institutional review board approval, data of 254 patients with localized ccRCC treated between 2005 and 2015 who underwent genetic sequencing was collected. The mutation status of VHL, PBRM1, SETD2, BAP1 and KDM5C were evaluated in the nephrectomy tumor specimen, which served as a proxy for biopsy mutation status. The Raj et al. preoperative nomogram was used to predict the 12-year metastatic free probability (MFP). The study outcome was MFP; the relationship between MFP and mutation status was evaluated with Cox-regression models adjusting for the preoperative nomogram variables (age, gender, incidental presentation, lymphadenopathy, necrosis, and size). Results: The study cohort included 188 males (74%) and 66 females (26%) with a median age of 58 years. VHL mutations were present in 152/254 patients (60%), PBRM1 in 91/254 (36%), SETD2 in 32/254 (13%), BAP1 in 19/254 (8%), and KDM5C in 19/254 (8%). Median follow-up for survivors was 8.1 years. Estimated 12-year MFP was 70% (95% CI: 63%-75%). On univariable analysis SETD2 (HR: 3.30), BAP1 (HR: 2.44) and PBRM1 (HR: 1.78) were significantly associated with a higher risk of metastases. After adjusting for known preoperative predictors in the existing nomogram, SETD2 mutations remained associated with a higher rate of metastases after nephrectomy (HR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.19-3.67, P = 0.011). Conclusion: In the current exploratory analysis, SETD2 mutations were significant predictors of MFP among patients treated for localized ccRCC. Our findings support future studies evaluating genetic alterations in preoperative renal biopsy samples as potential predictors of treatment outcome.
MeSH term(s)	Carcinoma, Renal Cell/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/complications ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Preoperative Period
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1336505-8
ISSN	1873-2496 ; 1078-1439
ISSN (online)	1873-2496
ISSN	1078-1439
DOI	10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.08.018
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Article ; Online: Transition zone prostate cancer: incremental value of diffusion-weighted endorectal MR imaging in tumor detection and assessment of aggressiveness.

Jung, Sung Il / Donati, Olivio F / Vargas, Hebert A / Goldman, Debra / Hricak, Hedvig / Akin, Oguz

Radiology

2013 Volume 269, Issue 2, Page(s) 493–503

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the incremental value of using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in addition to T2-weighted imaging for the detection of prostate cancer in the transition zone and the assessment of tumor aggressiveness.: ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To evaluate the incremental value of using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in addition to T2-weighted imaging for the detection of prostate cancer in the transition zone and the assessment of tumor aggressiveness. Materials and methods: This retrospective HIPAA-compliant institutional review board-approved study included 156 consecutive patients (median age, 59.2 years) who underwent MR imaging before radical prostatectomy. Two readers who were blinded to patient data independently recorded their levels of suspicion on a five-point scale of the presence of transition zone tumors on the basis of T2-weighted imaging alone and then, 4 weeks later, diffusion-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging together. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were measured in transition zone cancers and glandular and stromal benign prostatic hyperplasia. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate detection accuracy, and generalized linear models were used to test ADC differences between benign and malignant prostate regions. Whole-mount step-section histopathologic examination was the reference standard. Results: In overall tumor detection, addition of diffusion-weighted imaging to T2-weighted imaging improved the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for readers 1 and 2 from 0.60 and 0.60 to 0.75 and 0.71, respectively, at the patient level (P = .004 for reader 1 and P = .027 for reader 2) and from 0.64 and 0.63 to 0.73 and 0.68, respectively, at the sextant level (P = .001 for reader 1 and P = .100 for reader 2). Least squares mean ADCs (× 10(-3) mm(2)/sec) in glandular and stromal benign prostatic hyperplasia were 1.44 and 1.09, respectively. Mean ADCs were inversely associated with tumor Gleason scores (1.10, 0.98, 0.87, and 0.75 for Gleason scores of 3 + 3, 3 + 4, 4 + 3, and ≥ 4 + 4, respectively). Conclusion: Use of diffusion-weighted imaging in addition to T2-weighted imaging improved detection of prostate cancer in the transition zone, and tumor ADCs were inversely associated with tumor Gleason scores in the transition zone.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-07-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80324-8
ISSN	1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
ISSN	0033-8419
DOI	10.1148/radiol.13130029
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Article ; Online: Preoperative nomogram predicting 12-year probability of metastatic renal cancer - evaluation in a contemporary cohort.

Mano, Roy / Duzgol, Cihan / Ganat, Maz / Goldman, Debra A / Blum, Kyle A / Silagy, Andrew W / Walasek, Aleksandra / Sanchez, Alejandro / DiNatale, Renzo G / Marcon, Julian / Kashan, Mahyar / Becerra, Maria F / Benfante, Nicole / Coleman, Jonathan A / Kattan, Michael W / Russo, Paul / Akin, Oguz / Ostrovnaya, Irina / Hakimi, A Ari

Urologic oncology

2020 Volume 38, Issue 11, Page(s) 853.e1–853.e7

Abstract: Objectives: Preoperative models, based on patient and tumor characteristics, predict risk for adverse outcomes after nephrectomy. Changes in renal tumor characteristics over the last decades, warrant further evaluation using contemporary cohorts. We ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Preoperative models, based on patient and tumor characteristics, predict risk for adverse outcomes after nephrectomy. Changes in renal tumor characteristics over the last decades, warrant further evaluation using contemporary cohorts. We aimed to validate a previously published preoperative nomogram predicting 12-year metastasis-free probability after nephrectomy for localized renal tumors in a contemporary cohort. Patients and methods: After obtaining institutional review board approval, data of 1,760 patients who underwent nephrectomy for a localized renal mass between 2005 and 2011 were reviewed. Preoperative images were evaluated for the presence of tumor necrosis, lymphadenopathy, and tumor size. The study outcome was metastatic-free probability. Model discrimination was assessed with Gönen and Heller's concordance probability estimate, and calibration was evaluated. Results: The cohort included 1,102 male and 658 female patients with a median age of 60 years. Most patients presented incidentally (84%). On imaging, 3% had evidence of lymphadenopathy, 55% had necrosis and median tumor diameter was 3.7 cm (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.5, 5.5). Median follow-up in non-metastatic patients was 7.7 years (IQR: 5.3, 9.7). Estimated 12-year metastatic-free probability was 88% (86%-90%). The model showed strong discrimination (concordance probability estimate [CPE]: 0.77), and fair calibration. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed strong discrimination at all-time points and the area under the curve (AUC) for year 12 was 0.83 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.78-0.89). Conclusions: We validated the preoperative nomogram of 12-year metastasis-free probability in a contemporary cohort despite different tumor characteristics. Future studies should evaluate the role of preoperative risk stratification in patient selection for neoadjuvant treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Nomograms ; Preoperative Period ; Probability ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Validation Study
ZDB-ID	1336505-8
ISSN	1873-2496 ; 1078-1439
ISSN (online)	1873-2496
ISSN	1078-1439
DOI	10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.07.019
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Article: Analysis of the activity of nuclear export signals using fluorescent BSA conjugates.

Feldherr, Carl M / Akin, Debra

BioTechniques

2002 Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) 1288, 1290, 1292, 1294, 1296

Abstract: Here we demonstrate that fluorescein-labeled BSA conjugated with a mixture of nuclear import and export signals can be used to evaluate export activity. The method is based on the assumption that the intracellular distribution of the labeled conjugate [ ... ...

Abstract	Here we demonstrate that fluorescein-labeled BSA conjugated with a mixture of nuclear import and export signals can be used to evaluate export activity. The method is based on the assumption that the intracellular distribution of the labeled conjugate [nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) fluorescent ratio] is dependent on the relative activity of the import versus the export signals. Using BALB/c cells as a model system, it was shown that this assumption is correct. Thus, the N/C fluorescent ratio increased significantly when an active leucine-rich nuclear export signal was replaced with its inactive mutant form in conjugates that also contained classical nuclear import signals. This approach was then used to demonstrate that the same leucine-rich nuclear export signal, which functions in vertebrates, is also active in amoebae.
MeSH term(s)	Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Amoeba ; Animals ; Biological Assay/methods ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Fluorescent Dyes ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; Serum Albumin, Bovine (27432CM55Q)
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	48453-2
ISSN	1940-9818 ; 0736-6205
ISSN (online)	1940-9818
ISSN	0736-6205
DOI	10.2144/02326st04
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Article ; Online: Value of the hemorrhage exclusion sign on T1-weighted prostate MR images for the detection of prostate cancer.

Barrett, Tristan / Vargas, Hebert Alberto / Akin, Oguz / Goldman, Debra A / Hricak, Hedvig

Radiology

2012 Volume 263, Issue 3, Page(s) 751–757

Abstract: Purpose: To retrospectively determine the prevalence and positive predictive value (PPV) of the hemorrhage exclusion sign on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images in conjunction with findings on T2-weighted images in the detection of prostate ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To retrospectively determine the prevalence and positive predictive value (PPV) of the hemorrhage exclusion sign on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images in conjunction with findings on T2-weighted images in the detection of prostate cancer, with use of whole-mount step-section pathologic specimens from prostatectomy as the reference standard. Materials and methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, which was compliant with HIPAA, and the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived. Two hundred ninety-two patients with biopsy-proved prostate cancer underwent endorectal MR imaging followed by prostatectomy. The hemorrhage exclusion sign was defined as the presence of a well-defined area of low signal intensity surrounded by areas of high signal intensity on T1-weighted images. Two readers independently assessed the presence and extent of postbiopsy changes and the hemorrhage exclusion sign. The presence of a corresponding area of homogeneous low signal intensity on T2-weighted images was also recorded. The prevalence and PPV of the hemorrhage exclusion sign were calculated. Results: Readers 1 and 2 found postbiopsy changes in the peripheral zone in 184 (63%) and 189 (64.7%) of the 292 patients, respectively. In these patients, the hemorrhage exclusion sign was observed in 39 of 184 patients (21.2%) by reader 1 and 36 of 189 patients (19.0%) by reader 2. A corresponding area of homogeneous low signal intensity was seen on T2-weighted images in the same location as the hemorrhage exclusion sign in 23 of 39 patients (59%) by reader 1 and 19 of 36 patients (53%) by reader 2. The PPV of the hemorrhage exclusion sign alone was 56% (22 of 39 patients) for reader 1 and 50% (18 of 36 patients) for reader 2 but increased to 96% (22 of 23 patients) and 95% (18 of 19 patients) when the sign was identified in an area of homogeneous low signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Conclusion: Postbiopsy change is a known pitfall in the interpretation of T2-weighted images. The authors have shown that a potential benefit of postbiopsy change is the presence of excluded hemorrhage, which, in conjunction with a corresponding area of homogeneous low signal intensity at T2-weighted imaging, is highly accurate for cancer identification.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; Hemorrhage/diagnosis ; Hemorrhage/pathology ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/diagnosis ; Postoperative Complications/pathology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prevalence ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-04-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80324-8
ISSN	1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
ISSN	0033-8419
DOI	10.1148/radiol.12112100
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Analysis of the Activity of Nuclear Export Signals Using Fluorescent BSA Conjugates

Carl M. Feldherr / Debra Akin

BioTechniques, Vol 32, Iss 6, Pp 1288-

2002 Volume 1296

Abstract	Here we demonstrate that fluorescein-labeled BSA conjugated with a mixture of nuclear import and export signals can be used to evaluate export activity. The method is based on the assumption that the intracellular distribution of the labeled conjugate [nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) fluorescent ratio] is dependent on the relative activity of the import versus the export signals. Using BALB/c cells as a model system, it was shown that this assumption is correct. Thus, the N/C fluorescent ratio increased significantly when an active leucine-rich nuclear export signal was replaced with its inactive mutant form in conjugates that also contained classical nuclear import signals. This approach was then used to demonstrate that the same leucine-rich nuclear export signal, which functions in vertebrates, is also active in amoebae.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Future Science Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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