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Article ; Online: The gait abnormality index: A summary metric for three-dimensional gait analysis.

Langley, Ben / Greig, Matt

2023 Volume 105, Page(s) 87–91

Abstract: ... correlation (r ≥ 0.896; p < 001) was reported between the GAI and the Gait Profile Score. Good test-retest ... reliability (ICC =0.830) was reported for the GAI. Knee osteoarthritis patients displayed significantly (p ...

Abstract	Background: This paper proposes an easy to calculate and adaptable summary gait metric, the Gait Abnormality Index (GAI), which is capable of simultaneously including kinematic and kinetic data, overcoming a key limitation of existing metrics. Research question: To determine the validity, reliability and sensitivity of the GAI. Methods: The GAI is calculated by averaging Gait Abnormality Scores, which are normalised distance metrics used to describe the deviation of pathological gait data from that of healthy controls. Validity was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis to explore relationships between the GAI and the Gait Profile Score. Test-retest reliability of the GAI was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of the measurement (SEM), and data from total hip arthroplasty patients. An independent samples t-test was used to compare GAI scores between knee osteoarthritis and total hip arthroplasty patients to explore the metrics sensitivity. Results: A strong positive correlation (r ≥ 0.896; p < 001) was reported between the GAI and the Gait Profile Score. Good test-retest reliability (ICC =0.830) was reported for the GAI. Knee osteoarthritis patients displayed significantly (p = .017; Hedge's g effect size = 0.98) greater GAI scores compared to total hip arthroplasty patients, with the mean difference (0.34 a.u) above the SEM (0.15 a.u). Significance: The GAI offers an easy to calculate summary metric for three-dimensional gait analysis, which displays good validity and reliability, and is sensitive to different pathological conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/complications ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnosis ; Gait Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Gait ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1162323-8
ISSN	1879-2219 ; 0966-6362
ISSN (online)	1879-2219
ISSN	0966-6362
DOI	10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.281
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Article ; Online: Inhalational anaesthetics: an assessment of agent delivery and capture.

Vaghela, M / Kay, R H / Jones, L / Greig, P

Anaesthesia

2023 Volume 78, Issue 6, Page(s) 784–785

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anesthetics, Inhalation
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics, Inhalation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80033-8
ISSN	1365-2044 ; 0003-2409
ISSN (online)	1365-2044
ISSN	0003-2409
DOI	10.1111/anae.15981
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Article ; Online: Relative synonymous codon usage and codon pair analysis of depression associated genes.

Khandia, Rekha / Gurjar, Pankaj / Kamal, Mohammad Amjad / Greig, Nigel H

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 3502

Abstract: Depression negatively impacts mood, behavior, and mental and physical health. It is the third leading cause of suicides worldwide and leads to decreased quality of life. We examined 18 genes available at the genetic testing registry (GTR) from the ... ...

Abstract	Depression negatively impacts mood, behavior, and mental and physical health. It is the third leading cause of suicides worldwide and leads to decreased quality of life. We examined 18 genes available at the genetic testing registry (GTR) from the National Center for Biotechnological Information to investigate molecular patterns present in depression-associated genes. Different genotypes and differential expression of the genes are responsible for ensuing depression. The present study, investigated codon pattern analysis, which might play imperative roles in modulating gene expression of depression-associated genes. Of the 18 genes, seven and two genes tended to up- and down-regulate, respectively, and, for the remaining genes, different genotypes, an outcome of SNPs were responsible alone or in combination with differential expression for different conditions associated with depression. Codon context analysis revealed the abundance of identical GTG-GTG and CTG-CTG pairs, and the rarity of methionine-initiated codon pairs. Information based on codon usage, preferred codons, rare, and codon context might be used in constructing a deliverable synthetic construct to correct the gene expression level of the human body, which is altered in the depressive state. Other molecular signatures also revealed the role of evolutionary forces in shaping codon usage.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Codon Usage ; Depression/genetics ; Quality of Life ; Suicide ; Codon/genetics
Chemical Substances	Codon
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-51909-8
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Article: Effects of leaf herbivory and autumn seasonality on plant secondary metabolites: A meta-analysis.

Skovmand, Lota / O'Dea, Rose E / Greig, Keri A / Amato, Katherine R / Hendry, Andrew P

Ecology and evolution

2024 Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) e10912

Abstract: Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are produced by plants to overcome environmental challenges, both biotic and abiotic. We were interested in characterizing how autumn seasonality in temperate and subtropical climates affects overall PSM production in ... ...

Abstract	Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are produced by plants to overcome environmental challenges, both biotic and abiotic. We were interested in characterizing how autumn seasonality in temperate and subtropical climates affects overall PSM production in comparison to herbivory. Herbivory is commonly measured between spring to summer when plants have high resource availability and prioritize growth and reproduction. However, autumn seasonality also challenges plants as they cope with limited resources and prepare survival for winter. This suggests a potential gap in our understanding of how herbivory affects PSM production in autumn compared to spring/summer. Using meta-analysis, we recorded overall production of 22 different PSM subgroups from 58 published papers to calculate effect sizes from herbivory studies (absence to presence) and temperate to subtropical seasonal studies (summer to autumn), while considering other variables (e.g., plant type, increase in time since herbivory, temperature, and precipitation). We also compared production of five phenolic PSM subgroups - hydroxybenzoic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, hydrolysable tannins, and condensed tannins. We wanted to detect a shared response across all PSMs and found that herbivory increased overall PSM production in herbaceous plants. Herbivory was also found to have a positive effect on individual PSM subgroups, such as flavonol production, while autumn seasonality was found to have a positive effect on flavan-3-ol and condensed tannin production. We discuss how these responses might stem from plants producing some PSMs constitutively, whereas others are induced only after herbivory, and how plants produce metabolites with higher costs only during seasons when other resources for growth and reproduction are less available, while other phenolic PSM subgroups serve more than one function for plants and such functions can be season dependent. The outcome of our meta-analysis is that autumn seasonality changes some PSM production differently from herbivory, and we see value in further investigating seasonality-herbivory interactions with plant chemical defense.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.10912
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Article ; Online: Medical educational theory in practice.

Greig, P R / Darbyshire, J L

BJA education

2018 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) 40–46

Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2888911-3
ISSN	2058-5357 ; 2058-5349
ISSN (online)	2058-5357
ISSN	2058-5349
DOI	10.1016/j.bjae.2018.10.003
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Article ; Online: A process for daily checks when using anaesthetic machines to ventilate the lungs of COVID-19 patients: the 'domino switch' technique.

Greig, P R / Dixson, T / McCorkell, S

Anaesthesia

2020 Volume 75, Issue 7, Page(s) 973

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Equipment Safety ; Humans ; Oxygen/administration & dosage ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Safety Management/methods ; Ventilators, Mechanical
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	80033-8
ISSN	1365-2044 ; 0003-2409
ISSN (online)	1365-2044
ISSN	0003-2409
DOI	10.1111/anae.15098
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Article ; Online: Adaptability, Interdisciplinarity, Engageability

Haorui Wu / Meredith Greig

Healthcare, Vol 10, Iss 7, p

Critical Reflections on Green Social Work Teaching and Training

2022 Volume 1245

Abstract: The upward tendencies of global climate change, disasters, and other diverse crises have been urgently calling for green social work (GSW) interventions which engage a holistic approach to explore diverse societal dimensions’ compounded influences on ... ...

Abstract	The upward tendencies of global climate change, disasters, and other diverse crises have been urgently calling for green social work (GSW) interventions which engage a holistic approach to explore diverse societal dimensions’ compounded influences on inhabitants’ individual and collective health and well-being in disaster settings. Though globally gaining more attention, GSW has been slow to develop in the Canadian social work curriculum and professional training. This deficit jeopardizes integrating environmental and climate justice and sustainability in social work research and practice in Canada. In response to this pedagogical inadequacy, this article employs a critical reflection approach to examine two authors’ two-academic-year teaching–learning and supervision-training experiences of GSW-specific in-class and field education in a Master of Social Work program. The content analysis illustrates three essential components for GSW-specific teaching and training, namely adaptability, interdisciplinarity, and engageability. These components enhance the prospective social workers’ micro-, mezzo-, and macro-level practices to better support individuals, families, and communities affected by extreme events and promote their health and well-being in disaster and non-disaster scenarios. These GSW-specific pedagogies shed light on the fact that integrading climate change, disasters, and diverse crises in pedagogical innovations should be encouraged beyond the social work profession. A multidisciplinary multi-stakeholder engagement approach would comprehensively investigate and evaluate the essential components and evidence-based strategies that better serve inhabitants and promote resilience and sustainability.
Keywords	green social work ; climate change ; disasters ; diverse crises ; curriculum and professional training ; critical reflection ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Predictive Validity of Individualised Load-Velocity Relationships for Predicting 1RM: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis.

Greig, Leon / Aspe, Rodrigo R / Hall, Andy / Comfort, Paul / Cooper, Kay / Swinton, Paul A

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)

2023 Volume 53, Issue 9, Page(s) 1693–1708

Abstract: Background: Load-velocity relationships are commonly used to estimate one-repetition maximums (1RMs). Proponents suggest these estimates can be obtained at high frequencies and assist with manipulating loads according to session-by-session fluctuations. ...

Abstract	Background: Load-velocity relationships are commonly used to estimate one-repetition maximums (1RMs). Proponents suggest these estimates can be obtained at high frequencies and assist with manipulating loads according to session-by-session fluctuations. Given their increasing popularity and development of associated technologies, a range of load-velocity approaches have been investigated. Objective: This systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis sought to quantify the predictive validity of individualised load-velocity relationships for the purposes of 1RM prediction. Methods: In September 2022, a search of MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Scopus was conducted for published research, with Google Scholar, CORE and British Ethos also searched for unpublished research. Studies were eligible if they were written in English, and directly compared a measured and predicted 1RM using load-velocity relationships in the squat, bench press, deadlift, clean or snatch. IPD were obtained through requests to primary authors and through digitisation of in-text plots (e.g. Bland-Altman plots). Risk of bias was assessed using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST) and the review conducted in accordance with PRISMA-IPD guidelines and an a priori protocol. Absolute and scaled standard error of the estimates (SEE/SEE%) were calculated for two-stage aggregate analyses, with bootstrapping performed for sampling variances. Estimates were pooled using three-level hierarchical models with robust 95% confidence intervals (CIs). One-stage analyses were conducted with random intercepts to account for systematic differences across studies and prediction residuals calculated in the absolute scale (kg) and as a percentage of the measured 1RM. Moderator analyses were conducted by including a priori defined categorical variables as fixed effects. Results: One hundred and thirty-seven models from 26 studies were included with each identified as having low, unclear or high risk of bias. Twenty studies comprising 434 participants provided sufficient data for meta-analyses, with raw data obtained for 8 (32%) studies. Two-stage analyses identified moderate predictive validity [SEE% 9.8, 95% CI 7.4% to 12.2%, with moderator analyses demonstrating limited differences based on the number of loads (β Conclusions: Load-velocity relationships tend to overestimate 1RMs irrespective of the modelling approach selected. On the basis of the findings from this review, practitioners should incorporate direct assessment of 1RM wherever possible. However, load-velocity relationships may still prove useful for general monitoring purposes (e.g. assessing trends across a training cycle), by providing high-frequency estimates of 1RM when direct assessment may not be logistically feasible. Given limited differences in predictions across popular load-velocity approaches, it is recommended that practitioners opting to incorporate this practice select the modelling approach that best suits their practical requirements. Registration: https://osf.io/agpfm/ .
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Exercise Therapy ; Resistance Training/methods ; Bias ; Posture ; Muscle Strength ; Weight Lifting
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-26
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	605911-9
ISSN	1179-2035 ; 0112-1642
ISSN (online)	1179-2035
ISSN	0112-1642
DOI	10.1007/s40279-023-01854-9
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Article ; Online: Cognitive aids in the management of clinical emergencies: a systematic review.

Greig, P R / Zolger, D / Onwochei, D N / Thurley, N / Higham, H / Desai, N

Anaesthesia

2022 Volume 78, Issue 3, Page(s) 343–355

Abstract: ... in the incidence of missed care steps from 43.3% to 11% (RR (95%CI) 0.29 (0.15-0.16); p < 0.001), and the quality ...

Abstract	Clinical emergencies can be defined as unpredictable events that necessitate immediate intervention. Safety critical industries have acknowledged the difficulties of responding to such crises. Strategies to improve human performance and mitigate its limitations include the provision and use of cognitive aids, a family of tools that includes algorithms, checklists and decision aids. This systematic review evaluates the usefulness of cognitive aids in clinical emergencies. Following a systematic search of the electronic databases, we included 13 randomised controlled trials, reported in 16 publications. Each compared cognitive aids with usual care in the context of an anaesthetic, medical, surgical or trauma emergency involving adults. Most trials used only clinicians in the development and testing of the cognitive aids, and only some trials provided familiarisation with the cognitive aids before they were deployed. The primary outcome was the completeness of care delivered to the patient. Cognitive aids were associated with a reduction in the incidence of missed care steps from 43.3% to 11% (RR (95%CI) 0.29 (0.15-0.16); p < 0.001), and the quality of evidence was rated as moderate. The use of cognitive aids was related to decreases in the incidence of errors, increases in the rate of correctly performed steps and improvement in the clinical teamwork skills scores, non-technical skills scores, subjective conflict resolution scores and the global assessment of team performance. Cognitive aids had an inconsistent influence on the time to first intervention and time to complete care of the patient's condition. It is possible that this was a reflection of how common or rare the crisis in question was as well as the experience and expertise of the clinicians and team. Sufficient thought should be applied to the development of the content and design of cognitive aids, with consideration of the pre-existing guideline ecosystem. Cognitive aids should be tested before their deployment with adequate clinician and team training.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Emergencies ; Ecosystem ; Checklist ; Algorithms ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80033-8
ISSN	1365-2044 ; 0003-2409
ISSN (online)	1365-2044
ISSN	0003-2409
DOI	10.1111/anae.15939
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Article ; Online: Safety testing improvised COVID-19 personal protective equipment based on a modified full-face snorkel mask.

Greig, P R / Carvalho, C / El-Boghdadly, K / Ramessur, S

Anaesthesia

2020 Volume 75, Issue 7, Page(s) 970–971

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	80033-8
ISSN	1365-2044 ; 0003-2409
ISSN (online)	1365-2044
ISSN	0003-2409
DOI	10.1111/anae.15085
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